译林版必修一Unit3SectionⅢGrammar——由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句

1、Section HI Grammar由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句图解语法脉络由关系代词引存的限制性定语从句定义U复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句Lwho指人，在从句中作主语.宾语,表语 口23h刈指人，在从句中作宾语 F：，whcse指人或物,在从句中作定语4.which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语' 5如制指人或物.在从旬中作主语、宾语、表语代基法系的用关诃本特殊川法way作先行词息在定语从句中作方式状i科时美系网的确定指物时|/1先行词为不定代词只用ih# L 2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰不用which，3.先行词被【he very, thuonly等修饰的情况k4.先行

2、词既指人乂指物感知语法规律CDA real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love.：A real friend is someone who sees our tnje self, not just the face that we show to the world.®Yet these days, the modern tools that

3、 keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday.“Sharing''our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter mos

4、t to us.“Liking''our friend's photos online does not develop the connection which we share.【自主发现】L句、中的定语从句中使用了关系代词皿，在定语从句中作主语。2 .句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom,在定语从句中作宾语。此时，可用 who替换。3 .句、中的定语从句使用了关系代词that,在定语从句中作主语（句）和宾 语（句）。4 .句、中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose,在定语从句中作定语;关系代 词whose既可以指人也可以指物。5 .句、中的定语从句使用了关系代词wh

5、ich,在定语从句中作主语（句）和 宾语（句）。6 .从上面八个句子可以看出，关系代词皿常用来指代人；关系代词which常用 来指代事物；关系代词皿既可以指人也可以指物；关系代词whom只能用来表 示人的宾格：关系代词whose用来表示人或物的所有格。精讲语法知识-一、定语从句的定义在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先 行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、关系代词的基本用法1 .that的用法that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。The children that are injured in the car acci

6、dent are being treated in the hospital now. 在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。There is a film （that） I'd like to see.有一部我想去看的电影。2 .which的用法which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。Guilin is a city which has a history of 2, 000 years.桂林是座有2 000年历史的城市。This is the hotel （which） I stayed at when I was travelling here.这就是我

7、在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。3 .who的用法who指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。The man who is talking with my father is a policeman.正在与我父亲谈话的那个人是警察。The professor (who) you wish to see has gone abroad.你希望见的那位教授出国了。4 .whom的用法whom指人，在从句中作宾语，有时也可用who代替。The woman whoin/who you saw just now is our English teacher.你刚才看见的那位女士是我们的英语老师。5 .whose的

8、用法(l)whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前 置所有格。This is the woman scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的女科学家。He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(2) "whose+名词”可以转化为“the+名词+ of which/whom”,因为在此结构 中whose作前置定语，可以转化为介词短语of which/whom作后置定语。This is the scie

9、ntist whose name is known all over the country.f This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.He lives in a house whose door is broken., He lives in a house the door of which is broken.即时训练1(1)用适当的关系代词填空The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.This is the building whos

10、e windows were all painted green.The author whom/who/that you criticized in your review has written a reply.©Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.用定语从句合并句子rd like to take care of the child.Her mother died recently.I'd like to take care of the child whos邑 jnothe匚 ed recently.T

11、he woman is my mother.You are looking after her.,The woman that/who/whor» yoq locking qfter is my mother.©Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her.f Last week Mary wore the dress that/which gave 2 her.三、特殊用法当先行词是way且它在定语从句中作方式状语时，它后面定语从句的相应关系 词用that或in which或省略关系词。The way (that/in wh

12、ich) you look at the problem is wrong.你看待问题的方式是错误的。即时训练2单句语法填空®Treat others in the way that_Zin_which/不填 you want to be treated.The reason why/foi which he didn't come was that he was ill.四、关系代词指物时只用that不用which的情况在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况：1 .当先行词是 all, little, few, anything, every

13、thing, nothing 等不定代词时。The old man tried to write down all that he had gone through in his life.这位老人尽力把他平生经历的事情都写下来。Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？2 .当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city.这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。Guilin is the

14、 most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。3当先行词被the only, the very» the right等修饰时。This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for.这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。4 .当先行词既有人乂有物时。Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain?你能告诉我你在英 国见到的人和事吗？包里典统用适当的关系代词填空That is one of

15、 the most interesting books th/t are sold in the bookshop.The most interesting book that I want to read is HowVs moving castle.The most important thing that we should consider is the first idea that he has mentioned in his speech.©Women who/that drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a g

16、reater chance of having heart disease than those who don't.:Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?运用语法规则I.单句语法填空1 .The man who/that is talking with my father is a painter.2 .The professor who/that/whom you talked about yesterday has been studying in the us

17、.3 .When the girl studied in England, she lived with a host family whose members always helped her.4 .1 was amazed at the number of people who/that visited the Forbidden City on Saturday.5 .The man is talking about the teachers and things that encouraged him greatly in school.6 .The International Re

18、d Cross is an organization whose purpose is to help the sick and the needy.7 .Do you have anything that is important to tell me?8 .A shop should keep a stock of those goods which/that sell best.9 .Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.10 .The boys who/

19、that are playing football are all on our school team.H.用适当的关系词补全下面的演讲稿，并背诵成文Hello, everyone! It's a great pleasure for me to be here to share my English learning experience with you.1 .As the saying goes, "Interest is the best teacher.So the most important thing 2,that I do is to get myself

20、 interested in English.As a senior student, I get to know how to study and try my best to build up my vocabulary, 3.which is of great importance in understanding all 4.that I read or listen to.That is the reason 5,why every day I will spend some time memorizing key words.In addition, I often find so

21、me skills whenever I do more practice.In a word, if you want to improve your English in high school, you should do lots of practice.Thanks for your listening.I【.补全句子l.She was not on the train which qrrivedl jusow. 她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。1.1 once lived in the house whosj has faHe& jn.我曾经住在这所屋顶已经倒塌的房子里。3 .

22、This is the teacher (whom) wgJh©一 library.这就是我们在图书馆见到的那个老师。4 .Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他们正在讨论的事和人吗？5 .This is the best movie (that) 1've ever seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。IV .语法填空1.present, high school students are under increasing pressure to study long hours

23、 every day.They spend over 8 hours a day studying at school, some of 2. even have to attend extra 3. (class) in their spare time.This greatly affects their health and make their parents and teachers concerned.4. (help) solve the problem, recently, some relevant government departments have made 5.new

24、 regulation(规定)that no students shall go to school at weekends or during official holidays.We support such a refoim(改革)6.is necessary and important for us students to balance study and 7. (relax).You see, New Year's Day 8.(come), and 111 make good use of the time to relax.Also. I come to realize

25、 that 9.I can rest well, I will be able to study 10.(effective) when I come back to school.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者提到了现在高中生压力大这一现象，之 后作者建议为学生提供足够的时间休息，并让学生们均衡学习与放松。1 .At 考查介词。目前，高中学生正面临着越来越大的压力。at present目前。故填At。2 .whom 考查定语从句。介词of后用whom指一些学生。故填whom。3 .classes 考查名词单复数。class为可数名词。故填classes。4 .to help 考查不定式

26、。此处用动词不定式表目的，故填to help。5 .a 考查冠词。regulation规定，为可数名词；a new regulation 一项新的规定, 故填a。6 .that/which 考查关系代词。此处为that/which在定语从句中作主语，指代reform ,故填 that/which。7 .relaxation 考查名词。此处为and连接的两个并列的名词。relax的名词是 relaxation 休息，故填 relaxation。8 .is coming 考查动词的时态。动词come用进行时表将来。故填is coming。9.if 考查连词。表示假设，故填if。lO.effecti

27、vely 考查副词。修饰动词study用副词。故填effectively。 援什学科素养1 .阅读理解International Horticultural Exhibition 2019 Beijing ChinaAccording to official statistics, over 110 nations and international organizations, over 120 unofficial exhibitors, as well as 31 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, toge

28、ther with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan have established gardens in the Expo Park, each presenting their own distinctive gardening and horticulture（园艺学）.Main scenic spots include： Core Scenic AreaInternational Pavilion（展馆），China Pavilion, Plant Pavilion, Horticultural Experience Pavilion and Guirui Th

29、eater, 12 typical sites, International Horticulture, Chinese Landscape Horticulture, Horticultural Industry Development Belt, Gieat Master's Garden, and Special Gardens.The Exhibition started on April 29 and will end on October 7, 2019, lasting for 162 days and spanning three seasons including s

30、pring, summer and fall.International Horticultural ExhibitionAccording to the International Exhibitions Bureau, the world exposition can be divided into two major categories based on their nature, scale and duration（持续时 间）.One is international registered exhibitions, which are also the highest level

31、 of expos globally, such as the Shanghai World Expo 2010.The other is the international recognized exhibitions or specialized expos, such as the International Horticultural Exhibition 2019.A glance at Al-level International Horticultural ExhibitionsThe International Horticultural Exhibition （Al） is

32、a horticultural exhibition of the highest level and gieatest influence with AIPH's appioval and Bureau of Intemational Exposition's recognition.Beijmg is the second Chinese city to hold the Al-level exhibition following Kunming in Yunnan Province.Cities in the following countries have also h

33、eld the highest-level expo in the world： the Netherlands, Austria, Germany, France, Canada, the U.K., Japan, Thailand and Turkey.Among them, the Netherlands has held six AI exhibitions since 1960, followed by Germany, five.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 2019中国北京国际园艺博览会的相关情况。1.Different gardens and pavilions a

34、re established to show.A.the highest level of world expositionB.special skills and cultures in gardeningC.greatest influence on horticultureD.recognition from international organizations答案 B 细节理解题。根据第一段的".each presenting their own distinctive gardening and horticulture（园艺学）.”可知,不同的花园和亭子被建立来展示各具

35、 特色的园艺和园艺学。故选B。2 .The underlined word “span" is closest in meaning to.A.exploreB. spreadC.includeD.witness答案 C 词义猜测题。根据上文“The Exhibition started on.lasting for 162 days” 结合下文“including spring , summer and fall.n可推断，展览包括三个季节，故 画线词词义与include相近。故选C。3 .Which of the following statements is NOT right

36、?A.The International Horticulture Exhibition 2019 lasts over 5 months.8 .Kunming is the first city to hold the Ablevel exhibition in China.C.Germany ranks second in the time of holding Al-level exhibition.D.Only two kinds of world exhibition are held according to the IEB.答案 D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的"Acc

37、ording to the Intemational.their nature , scale and duration（持续时间）”可知，有两大类，不是仅有两类，D项错 误，故选D。BIt doesn't interest me what you do fbr a living.I want to know what you're eager for, and if you dare to dieam of meeting your heart's desire.It doesn't interest me how old you are.I want to

38、know if you will risk looking like a fool for love, for your dream, for the adventure of being alive.It doesn't interest me what planets are squaring your moon.I want to know if you have touched the center of your own sorrow, if you have been opened by lifers betrayals（背 叛）or have become depress

39、ed and closed from fear of further pain! I want to know if you can sit with pain, mine or your own, without moving to hide it or fade it* or fix it.I want to know if you can be with joy, mine or your own, if you can dance with wildness and let the wild joy fill you to the tips of your fingers and to

40、es without warning us to be careful, to be realistic, to remember the limitations of being human. It doesn't interest me if the stoiy you are telling me is true.I want to know if you can disappoint another to be true to yourself： if you can bear the scolding of betrayal and not betray your own s

41、oul； if you can be faithless and therefore trustworthy.! want to know if you can see beauty even when it's not pretty every day, and if you can gain your own life from its presence.I want to know if you can live with failure, yours and mine, and still stand on the edge of the lake and shout to t

42、he silver of the full moon, “"while failed.It doesn't interest me to know where you live or how much money you have.I want to know if you can get up, after the night of sorrow and despair, tired and hurt to the bone, and do what needs to be done to feed the children.It doesn't interest

43、me who you know or how you came here.I want to know if you will stand in the center of the fire with me and not shrink（退缩）back.It doesn't interest me where or what or with whom you have studied.I want to know what makes you continue from the inside when all else is away.I want to know if you can

44、 be alone with yourself, and if you truly like the company（伙伴）you keep in the empty moments.【语篇解读】作者通过诗歌告诉读者：梦想在生活中的重要性。4.The author repeats the sentence “It doesn't interest me. ” to.A.arouse interest and emphasize his opinionB.present his opinions one after anotherC.show his disinterest in oth

45、erslife attitudeD.display his excellent writing skills答案A 推理判断题。根据每一段开头的“It doesiVt interest me”可知，重复这个句子是为了引起读者的兴趣，强调作者的观点。故选A。5 .The missing sentence in paragraph 4 can be.A.No, it's not fail；B.No, it can't be true.C.Yes, I can!D.Yes, nothing is impossible!答案C 推理判断题。根据句意：我想知道，你能否身处颓境,却依然站立

46、在 湖边对看银色的月光喊一声“是的,我能行”！也就是说面对失败，说我能行。故选C。6 .The author may agree with the following opinions EXCEPT.A.Even if you're laughed at, you'll explore the possibilities of life.B.Even if you suffer a lot, you can live with suffering and still enjoy life.C.Even if you are betrayed, you still like th

47、e company you have kept.D.Even if you experience pain and sorrow, you still bear your responsibilities.答案 C 推理判断题。根据第三段的"I want to know if you have touched.from fear of further pain ! ”可知，作者不会同意“即使你被背叛，你仍然喜欢你的同 伴。”故选C。CJimmy is an automotive mechanic （汽车修理技工），but he lost his job a few months ag

48、o.He has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 a.m.and it was already 8： 30.While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man w

49、ildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him； he just helped someone in need

50、, and he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man said, uWell, I could take you to the office for your interview.It's the least I could do.Please, I insist.n Jimmy agreed.Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease （油渍）on him aft

51、er the car repair»but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one, the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed looks on their faces.Finally his name was called.The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window.Rocking

52、the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed?'' Jimmy's heart sank. uWith the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview? ” He thought to himself.Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy's surprise, it was the old man he helped ear

53、lier in the morning.lt turned out that he was the General Manager of the company.u Sorry I had to keep you waiting t but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce （职工）before you even stepped into this office.I just know you'd be a trustworthy worker.Congiat

54、iilations! ” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了已失业数月的汽车技工Jimmy ,在一次去面试的途中帮助一位老者修好了汽车,在面试时意外发现老者 竟是该公司的总经理。Jimmy的热心肠得到总经理的赏识，因此使他顺利地得 到了一份工作。7 .What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?A.A friend's car had a fla

55、t tyre.8 .A wild man was pushing a car.C.A terrible car accident happened.D.A11 old man's car broke down.答案 D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.可知,此处只是说 老人的车抛锚了，具体什么问题，文章未提到。故选D。8 .How did Jimmy feel on hearing

56、the interviewees question?A.He was sorry for the other applicants.9 .There was no hope for him to get the job.C.He regretted helping the old man.D.The interviewer was very rude.答案B |细节理解题。根据老人的问题“你确实需要面试吗？ ”及Jimmy的 所想 With the way I look now f how could I possibly pass this interview ?可知，以 他当时的状态，他无

57、法通过面试。故选B。10 What can we learn from Jimmy's experience?A.Where there's a will, there's a way.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.C.Good is rewarded with good.D.Two heads are better than one.答案C 推理判断题。Jimmy在应聘途中无偿地帮助的老人正是他去面试公司 的总经理，而后他被提供了那份工作。从这个故事中我们不难意识到：C项，善 有善报(Good is rewarded wi

58、th good)o A项“有志者,事竟成”；B项“患难见真 情”；D项“三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮”。故选C。 山.七选五Camping TipsCamping offers the quietness of escape. L Because exercise and the beauty of nature can help people relax from their busy life.Wliether youhe ill the woods, in the desert, or climbing mountains, you'll want to keep some survival skills in mind to make sure of a safe trip.2_ Different terrains （地势）carry different challenges.For example» putting