过去分词及练习

1、考点一、过去分词作定语1 .单个过去分词作定语。单个过去分词作定语时，常常放在被修饰的词语之前。例如：Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves on the street.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况注意：如果单个过去分词所修饰的词语为不定代词nothing,anything,something 或指示代词those,this,these等时，过去分词常常放在被修饰的词语后面。例如：There is nothing changed

2、 in my hometown since 1999.2 .过去分词短语作定语。过去分词短语作定语，常常放在被修饰的词语之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： Most of the guests invited to my birthday party were my school friends. = Most of the guests who were invited to my birthday party were my school friends.The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.3

3、.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.他们举行了 欢迎英雄的大会，至 U 会的有五千多人.4 .用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.The boy looked up with a pleased expression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视注意区别：1 .非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式：the bridge to be built 将要建

4、造的桥（表示将来的被动的动作）the bridge being built 正在建造的桥（表示正在进行的被动动作）the bridge built造好的桥（表示完成的被动动作）2 .过去分词和-ing分词作定语的区别：过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：boiled water 开水 boiling water 正沸腾的水developed countries 发展的国家 developing countries 发展中国家fallen leaves落叶falling leaves正在飘落的叶子changed condition 改变了 的情况 changing

5、 condition 变化着的情况由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而 -ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。考点二、过去分词作表语1.过去分词用作表语时，通常说明主语所处的状态或感受等。例如：I noticed the doors and windows were locked when I came to see him.She seemed terribly shocked upon hearing the sad news.过去分词和-ing分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，修饰人；而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，修饰

6、物.如： Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.看至 U这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。英语中这样的分词还有很多， 如： amusing, amuse

7、d; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished 等。实战演练：1. The water in this glass is too hot. I prefer some cold . to boil B. ha

8、ving boiled C. boiled D. boiling2. The problem just is an important . to be referred to B. referred to C. referring to D. referred3. A man was killed. Where is the body of the man A. murder B. murdered C. murdering D. having murdered4. China Daily, first in 1980, is very popular with students of Eng

9、lish in China.A. published B. was published C. having published D. having been published5. The great hall was crowded with many people, many children on their parents laps.A. including; seated B. including; seating C. including; satD. included; sitting6. How did Bob do in the exam this time Well, hi

10、s father seems with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please7. Prices of daily goods through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying8. What s the main purpose of tonight s meeting We are going to talk about the problem at the last

11、meeting.A. discussed B. discussingC. being discussed D. having discussed9. The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written10. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the c

12、ustomers The key the problem is to meet the demand by the customers.A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; makingD. to solve; madeKey: 15 CBBAA610 CBADB考点三过去分词作宾语补足语及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是过去分词动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。常见的情况有下列几种：一、表示“致使”意义的动词。如 : have, make, get, keep, leave 等。(1) I'll hav

13、e my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。(4) He managed to get the task finished on time. 他设法按时完成了任务。注意：使役动词have 接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。Later on the center had a

14、 great many new trees planted. 后来，这个中心让人种了很多树。主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：He had his leg broken in the match last month. 他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。He had one eye lost in the war. 在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。【高考链接】1. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period. ( 福建卷

15、 )A. improvedB. improvingC. to improveD. improve2. Helen had to shout above the sound of the music. ( 全国 II 卷 )A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard二、表示感觉或心理状态的动词. 如 : see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think ， find

16、等。I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。She saw the wounded man carried into the hospital. 她看到这个受伤的男人被抬进了医院。【高考链接】To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can. （2008 江苏卷 ） A. speakB. speakingC. spok

17、enD. to speak三、表“希望，要求”的动词： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order+ （to be） done 如：I want the work （to be） finished by Sunday.Jim ordered the room （to be） cleaned【高考链接】She wants her paintings in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular. （ 上海 ）A. displayB. to display C. displaying D.

18、 displayed四、 with/without+ 宾语+过去分词，表示伴随情况的独立结构。如： With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a very good plan. 每件事都考虑到了，我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。With different methods used, different results are obtained. 采用不同的方法，得到不同的结果。She went angrily away without a word spoken. 她一个字也没说，就生气地走了。The day

19、ended with nothing settled. 那一天什么也没解决就结束了。【高考链接】1. You have no idea how she finished the relay race her foot wounded so much. （2008 福建卷 ）A. forB. when C. with D. while2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work , he gladly accepted it. （2007 安徽卷 ）A. finishedB. finishing C. having fin

20、ished D. was finished考点四过去分词作状语过去分词和-ing 分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事

21、业。表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：Given another chance, he will do

22、better. 再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. 和你哥哥相比你应该更加努力学英语。If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。表让步，相当于一个 though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽他们还是继续追赶那个强 盗

23、。Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。表方式或伴随情况。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。过去分词作状语应注意以下几点。一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系（1） 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词与句子

24、主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。【高考链接1 】not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009 福建卷 )A. RemindingB. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded【答题指导】分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系

25、用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。比较：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. （our city 与 see 之间是被动关系）Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. （ we 与 see 之间是主谓关系）（2） 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；lost in（沉迷于）；dressed in（穿着）。由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法

26、，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed 等。如：Surprised at what had happened, Tom didn' t know WhOtiotdo生的一切非常惊讶，以至于不知如何是好。【高考链接2 】and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. （2009 浙江卷 ）A. To be triedB. Tired C. TiringD. Being tired二、过去分词作状语所表示的意义过去分词作状语时表

27、示时间、条件、原因、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。如：Looked （=If it is looked） at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. 隔着一段距离看，这幅画似乎要漂亮得多。The cup fell down to the ground, broken. = The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken. 茶杯掉到了地上，碎了。【高考链接3】 the right kind of training, these teenag

28、e soccer players may one day grow into the internationalstars. （2009 江西卷 ） A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given【高考链接4】 Michael s new house is like a huge palace, with his old one. （2009 重庆卷 ）A. comparingB. compares C. to compare D. compared3、 “连词+过去分词”结构根据主句主语和从句主语一致且从句含有动词be 时可省略从句主语和动词be

29、的原则， 可把状语从句变换为 “连词 +过去分词”结构。常用的连词有if, unless, when, as, once, even if/ even though, as if, though/ although 等。如：I won t attend his birthday party unless invited （=unless I am invited）.除非被邀请，否则我不去参加他的生日晚会。【高考链接5】 Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.（200

30、9 湖南卷 ）A. being tiredB. tiring C. tiredD. to be tired4、 独立主格结构由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。（一）独立主格结构的构成：名词（代词）+名词名词（代词）+现在分词名词（代词）+ 过去分词名词（代词）+形容词名词（代词）+副词名词（代词）+不定式名词（代词） +介词短语构成独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、 伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。1 、名词或代词主格+

31、现在分词Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.= The winter comes, and it gets colder and colder.The girl staring at him, he didn t know=wAhsatthteogsiarlys.tared at him, he didn t know what to sayTime permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 2.名词或代词主格+ 过去分词The experiment don

32、e, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.The work done, he went back home.= When the work was done, he went back home.3、名词或代词主格+ 形容词 Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我

33、们却能广泛地利用它们。 The clothes very dirty, you'd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧!4、名词或代词主格+ 不定式Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。A lot of home work to do, I can' t gOWith拶U乍业要做，我不能和你走。5、名词或代词主格+ 介词短语 Our English t

34、eacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷。 There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花。6、名词或代词主格+ 副词 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了 ,我们不能继续工

35、作了。7. 名词（代词）+名词His first shot failure ， he fired again 他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童三、提高练习1. I m going to have my car A. . to be fixedB. to fix C. fixed D. to fix2. What s the language in GermanyA. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to

36、speak3. some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by4. He had his leg in the match yesterday. A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking5. Most of the people to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being i

37、nvited D. inviting6. more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied8. The computer center, last year, is very popular among the students in this

38、 school.A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened9. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose10. The Olympic Games, in 776BC, didn t include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first pl

39、ayed11. Don t get in the rain. A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught12. I found a car in a pool by the side of the road. A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick13. -By the way, when did you get your bedroom -Last week.A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted14. The childr

40、en were found in the cave. A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped15. They found a old woman on the ground when the door was broken down.A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain16. On a morning the little girl was found at the corner of the street.A. freezing, freez

41、ing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing17. No one enjoys fun of in public. A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word .A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak19. from space, the earth, with water

42、 seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered20. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly21. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons for t

43、he day.（2007重庆卷 ）A. finishingB. finished C. had finished D. were finished, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A. All things considering B. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered ,all the students ran out of the classroom.A. Class was overB.

44、Class is over C. Class overD. When class over24. ,everything has changed.goes ongoing on time going ontime went on,they will go to the zoo.A. Weather permitting B. Weather permitted C. Weather being permitted having permittedlot of homework _,they have to go home. A. to dobe doing1-5 C B B B A 6-10

45、A D D C A 11 15 D B B B A 16-20 B B B B A 21-25 B B C B A26-30 A一过去分词做定语、表语专项练习1. Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited2. The computer center, last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. open B. openin

46、g C. having opened D. opened3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay5. Don t use words, expreiosnss, or phrases only to people with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known6 English is different from English in

47、many ways.A. Spoken; written B. Speaking; written C. Spoken; writing D. Speak; write7 The woman there under the tree, in a blue shirt, is our headmaster.A. sitting; wearing B. sitting; dressed C. seating; dressed D. seated; dressing8 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing Mining Company, as 3M

48、.A. knowing. B. known. C. being known. D. to be known9 The dishes lay on the floor. A breaking. B. broken. C. broke. D. break10 the ship,by a huge piece of iceberg, cam to a sudden stop. A. hitting.B. hit. . D. to hit.11 Sandy, hurry up. I m afraid you won t have time to before the party.A. get chan

49、ged. B. get change. 12. get changing. D. get to change.12 he seems quite at the idea. A. pleasing. B. pleased. C. please. D. pleasant.13 . She felt rather th at she shouldn t drive the car at such_aspeed., frightening , frightened C. frightening, frightened D. frightened, frightening14 Tell Mary tha

50、t there s someone for her at the door. A. waiBtin. gw.aits. C. waited. D. to wait.15 there is a big dogto a fence outside the house. A. tying. B. tied. C. to tie. D. ties.16 The Olympic Games, _ in 776 not include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to

51、be first playing17 . What he has done is really . Now his parents are him.A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed aboutC. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by19. Mr Smith, of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; bored

52、 C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring20. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers by her mother.A. buyingB. being bought C. were bought D. bought21. As we joined the big crowd I got from my . separated B. spared C. lost22. The students, at the way the question was put, didn

53、 t know how to answer it.A being surprised B. surprising C. surprised D. having surprised23. The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A having writtenB. to be written C. being writtenD. written24. Look at the noteto the door, you will see that someo

54、ne paid a visit when we are away.A. pinning B. pinned C. being pinned D. is pinned25. I was very to find all the tickets had been sold out when I got there.A. disappoint B. to disappoint C. disappointing D. disappointed26. . - A woman was killed. - Where is the body of the womanA. murder B. murdered

55、 C. murdering D. having murdered27. .The _ look on the girl s face suggested that she _ such bad news.A. surprising, would expectB. surprised, should expectC. surprising, shouldn t have been expected D. surprised, hadn t expected28. . You ll find the word "psychology"_under "P" i

56、n your dictionary. A. have listed B. list C. listed D. listing29. . From the date _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.be marked been marked30. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. Bfollowingbe followed32. What s the language in Germany A. speakin

57、g B. spokenC. be spokenD. to speak33. Lily seems very muchin the magazine, but I think it s too expensive.A. interested B. interesting C. to interest D. to be interesting34. All the passengers should remainwhen the plane is making a landing.A. seat B. seatingC. to be seating D. seated35. There is nothingto do but wait for my parents to come . leave