英语中的十六种时态

1、英语中的十六种时态英语中的十六种时态（ 1）一般现在时基本形式（以do为例）：第三人称单数：does （主语为非第三人称单数）；肯定句：主语动词原形其他；He works for us.否定何：主语+ don't/doesn't+动词原形+其他；He doesn't work for us.一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。肯定回答：Yes，（主语do/does）否定回答：No, （ 十主语 + don't/doesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语Does he work for us？Yes， he does.No， he do

2、esn'tWhat does he do for us？He works for us.（ 2）一般过去时be动词+行为动词的过去式否定句式：在行为动词前加 didn't,同时还原行为动词，或 was/were+ not； was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词 例如：Did he work for us？He didn't work for us.He worked for us.（ 3）一般将来时am are is going to do 或will shall doam/is/are/about to + doam/is/are

3、 to + do；一般将来时的表达方法be going to +动词原形be +不定式，be to+动词原形，be about to +动词原形be able to +不定式be about to+fil词原形will + 动词原形；例如： He is going to work for us.He will work for us ；He is coming这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达将来时态 的例子！ ！（4）过去将来时be (was, were) going to+动词原形be (was, were) about to+动词原形 be (was, were) to+动词原形 肯定何： 主

4、语 +be (was, were) going to+动词原形.否定旬： 主语 +be (was, were) not going to+动词原形.疑问句：Be (Was, Were) +主语+going to+动词原形？ 肯定句：主语+would (should) +动词原形.否定何：主语+would (should) not+动词原形.疑问句：Would (Should) +主语+动词原形？He would work for us.(5)现在进行时主语+be+v.ing现在分词形式(其中v表示动词)表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。例如： I am buying a book.第一人称

5、+am+doing+sth第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的 v-ing形式)第三人称+is+doing+sth例： He is working.(6)过去进行时肯定何：主语+was/were+doing+其它 否定旬：主语+was/were+not+doing琪它 一般疑问句及答语： Was/Were+i语+doing+其它；答语：Yes, I主语 +was/were./No， I 主语 +wasn't/weren't.特殊疑问旬：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它He was working when he was alive

6、.(7)将来进行时主语 +will + be +现在分词He will be working for us.=He will work for us.(8)过去将来进行时should(would)+be+现在分词He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.(9)现在完成时基本结构：主语+have/has+±去分词(done)肯定句：主语+have/has+±去分词+其他否定何：主语+have/has+not+±去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过

7、去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+±语+过去分词+其他He has worked for us for ten years.Has he worked for us for ten years.(10)过去完成时基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他否定何：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他肯定回答：Yes主语+had否定回答：No主语+hadn't特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)语法判定 :( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。

8、如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.( 2 ) by the end of +过去的时间点。如：We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.( 3 ) before +过去的时间点。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.(11)将来完成时(shall) will+have+动词过去分词before+将来时间或by+将来时间be

9、fore或by the time引导的现在时的从旬He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.(12)过去将来完成时should / would have done sth.He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.(13)现在完成进行时基本与现在完成时相同，但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念have/has been +-in6 词He has been working for us for ten years.=He has

10、 worked for us for ten years.(14)过去完成进行时had been +-ing 分词He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.(15)将来完成进行时主语 + shall/will have been doingHe will have been working for us.=He will work for us.翻译为：他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作，现在在工作，将来还会工作)(16)过去将来完

11、成进行时should+have been现在分词用于第一人称would have been+®在分词用于其他人称He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.举例：英语中有12个主要时态，都来自于三时（过去、现在、将来）现在以 I listen 为例，举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示：一般现在时：Ilisten现在进行时：Iam listening过去进行时：Iwas listening现在完成时：Ihave listened现在完成进行时：I have been

12、listening一般将来时：Ishall listen 或“”I will listen. ”将来进行时：Ishall be listening一般过去时：Ilistened过去完成时：Ihad listened过去完成进行时：I had been listening将来完成时：I shall have listened将来完成进行时：I shall have been listening英语中不存在属格一个普遍的误解是在英语中只存在一个以“'S吉尾表示所属的属格。然而，语言学家已经表明英语的所有格完全不是一个格，而是一个独立的词并且在书写和发音上都不是前一个词的一部分，这可以有下面

13、这个句子表明：The King of Sparta's wife wascalled Helen.（斯巴达国王的妻子叫做海伦。）如果“'Sf'属格，那么 妻子"（wife）就属于 斯巴达”（Sparta）,但是“'s并不是只表示 斯巴达"（Sparta）,而是表示 斯 巴达国王”（ King of Sparta）。上面这个例子并不表明英语没有自己的属格；但是它现在已经发展成为另一个形式。在古英语中，ban的属格形式是banes后来在现代英语中，这个发展成为了使用“'s表示的“bone's”在18世纪，人们对此的解释是省略号代替了一个属格代词，就像“the King's horsei “the King his horse勺缩写。但是这个解释是不正确的。人们更相信是省略号代替了古英语中的“ e。 ”英语和 “与格 ”在现代英语中，与格不再是英语语法的一部分，它只出现在一些表达用语中。一个很好的例子是单词methinks （据我看来）。它来源于古英语的与格形式变化：me （与格的人称代词）+thinks （to see