阅读阳直播讲解二

1、GRE阅读AIO检索式定向阅读法第二讲主讲:Cathy阳标注先放右下角录播课程：题型详解主旨题： 主旨内容、 主旨目的态度题事实信息题前情回顾现象解释型文章1 有相对正确的解释例. 70篇16篇现象（similarity ）- 解释1（被驳斥 ）-解释2 （为写作中心）P- E1,E2,.En主旨题的正确是相对正确的那个解释前情回顾现象解释型文章2 实验类话题例. 101篇第1篇有完整的实验描述过程，以此给出一个现象的说明主旨题的正确是 现象前情回顾现象解释型文章3无正确解释，罗列研究现状例文， 录播主旨题选文现象（动物的迁徙不偏航）- 解释1（compass sense 方向感单独不）- 解

2、释2（天体celestial navigation , 太过理想化）-解释3（magnetic field 地磁 ，some species， may 不确定是否正确，只能部分解释）P- E1？,E2,？.En？ 主旨题的正确是研究现状partly, partialBut compass sense alone cannot explain how birds navigatethe ocean: after a flock traveling east is blown far south by astorm, it willcompensate.assumethepropernorthea

3、sterlycourseto目的地偏航2.It can be inferred from the passage that if the flock of birdsdescribed in lines 5-7 were navigating by compass sense alone, they would, after the storm, flyA. East前情回顾现象解释型文章3.无正确解释，罗列研究现状例文， 70篇第6篇岛屿上，大型动物有矮化的现象可能解释1.捕食者相关的解释可能解释2. 可获取饮食方面的解释结尾严谨，岛屿上，小型哺乳动物反而呈现相反趋势有利P- E1？,E2,

4、？.En？ 主旨题的正确是研究现状partly, partialCourse Plan课程安排02问题解决型文章观点评述型文章0304新旧观点型文章05文学评论型文章问题解决型文章同现象解释型文章例题问题Problem- 解决方案Solution 1- .解决方案Solution N主旨题的正确是相对正确的那个解决方案或者主旨题的正确是研究现状Warm-bloodedanimalshave elaborate physiologicalcontrols to maintainconstantbodytemperature (in humans, 37). Why then during sic

5、kness should temperature rise, apparentlyincreasing stress on the infected organism? It has long been known that the level of serumiron in animals falls during infection. Garibaldi first suggested a relationship between fever andiron. He found that microbial synthesis of siderophores-substances that

6、 bind ironinus Salmonella declined at environmental temperatures above 37 andbacteria of tstopped at 40.3. Thus, fever would make it more difficult for an infecting bacterium to acquireiron and thus to multiply. Cold-blooded animals were used to test this hypothesis because theirbody temperature can

7、 be controlled in the laboratory. Kluger reported that of iguanas infectedwith the potentially lethal bacterium A. hydrophilia, more survived at temperatures of 42 thanat 37, even though healthy animals prefer the lower temperature. When animals at 42were injected with an iron solution, however, mor

8、tality rates increased significantly. Research todetermine whether similar phenomena occur in warm-blooded animals is sorely needed.Warm-bloodedanimalshave elaborate physiologicalcontrols to maintainconstantbodytemperature (in humans, 37). Why then during sickness should temperature rise, apparently

9、increasing stress on the infected organism? It has long been known that the level of serumiron in animals falls during infection. Garibaldi first suggested a relationship between fever andiron. He found that microbial synthesis of siderophores-substances that bind ironinus Salmonella declined at env

10、ironmental temperatures above 37 andbacteria of tstopped at 40.3. Thus, fever would make it more difficult for an infecting bacterium to acquireiron and thus to multiply. Cold-blooded animals were used to test this hypothesis because theirbody temperature can be controlled in the laboratory. Kluger

11、reported that of iguanas infectedwith the potentially lethal bacterium A. hydrophilia, more survived at temperatures of 42 thanat 37, even though healthy animals prefer the lower temperature. When animals at 42were injected with an iron solution, however, mortality rates increased significantly. Res

12、earch todetermine whether similar phenomena occur in warm-blooded animals is sorely needed.Warm- blooded animalsWhy then during sickness should temperature rise, apparently increasing stress on the infected organism? It has long been known that the level of serum iron in animalsfalls during infectio

13、n.CMany critics of Emily Brontes novel Wuthering Heights see its secondpart as a counterpoint that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a “romantic” reading receives more confirmation. Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the novels sophisticated structure, revealed

14、 in its complex use of narrators and time shifts. Granted that thepresencenovelistic presenceof these elements need not argue an authorial awareness ofconstructioncomparabletothatofHenryJames,theirdoes encourage attempts to unify the novels heterogeneousparts. However, any interpretation that seeks

15、to unify all of the novelsdiverse elements is bound to be somewhat unconvincing. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements

16、 of undeniablepowerthat,ultimately,resistinclusioninanall-encompassinginterpretation.of Hamlet.Inthisrespect,WutheringHeightssharesafeature1.Many critics ofEmilyBrontesnovelWutheringHeights see its second part as a counterpoint thatcomments on, if it does not reverse, the first part,wherea“romantic”

17、readingreceivesmoreconfirmation.请问这篇文章重点讨论的对象是什么？1.Many critics ofEmilyBrontesnovelWutheringHeights see its second part as a counterpoint thatcomments on, if it does not reverse, the first part,wherea“romantic”readingreceivesmoreconfirmation.学派线索 many critics 观点信号词 see as 观点是WHs second part should b

18、e considered as a counterpoint thatcomments on the first part.2. Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged bythenovelssophisticatedstructure,revealedinitscomplex use of narrators and time shifts.检查句间关系要么同向要么反向（因果，解释，例证，类比）（转折，对比，修正）检查信息的延续名词重复词汇的改写1.Many critics of Emily Brontes novel WutheringH

19、eights see its second part as a counterpoint thatcomments on, if it does not reverse, the first part,wherea“romantic”readingreceivesmoreconfirmation.2.Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged bythenovelssophisticatedstructure,revealedinitscomplex use of narrators and time shifts.相同处不同处Seeasa co

20、unterpoint/a whole3.Grantedthatthepresenceoftheseelementsneed not argue an authorial awareness of novelisticconstructioncomparabletothatofHenryJames,theirpresencedoesencourageattemptstounifythe novels heterogeneous parts.让步句： 让步分句（承认并不支持前文的事实）转折主句 （转折与前文的内容相同）3.Grantedthatthepresenceoftheseelementsn

21、eed not argue an authorial awareness of novelisticconstructioncomparabletothatofHenryJames,theirpresencedoesencourageattemptstounifythe novels heterogeneous parts.3.Grantedthatthepresenceoftheseelementsneed not argue an authorial awareness of novelisticconstructioncomparabletothatofHenryJames,their

22、presence does encourage attempts to unifythe novels heterogeneous parts.即便这些要素的存在不必让我们认为，该作者对小说结构的意识可以与J相媲美，但它们的确鼓励我们去统一该小说的各个异质部分1. Many critics of Emily Brontes novel Wuthering Heights seeits second part as a counterpoint that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a “romantic”

23、 reading receives more confirmation.2.Seeing thetwo parts as a whole is encouraged by thenovels sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use ofnarrators and time shifts.3. Granted that thepresence of these elements need notargueanauthorialawarenessofnovelisticconstructioncomparabletothatof H

24、enryJames,theirpresencedoesencourage attempts to unify the novels heterogeneous parts.句群的概念将表达同一个观点的多个句子划分成一个句群4. However, any interpretation that seeks to unifyall of the novels diverse elements issomewhat unconvincing.检查句间关系boundtobe要么同向要么反向（解释，例证）（转折对比）检查信息的延续名词重复词汇的改写5.Thisisnotbecausesuchaninte

25、rpretationnecessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity inany interpretation of this or of any novel is always adanger),butbecauseWutheringHeightshasthat,recalcitrantelementsofundeniablepowerultimately,resistinclusioninanall-encompassinginterpretation.Not because A but because BInfluenced le

26、ss by A than by B6.In this respect, Wuthering Heights shares a featureof Hamlet.Many critics of Emily Brontes novel Wuthering Heights see its secondpart as a counterpoint that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a “romantic” reading receives more confirmation. Seeing the two p

27、arts as a whole is encouraged by the novels sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use of narrators and time shifts. Granted that thepresencenovelistic presence parts.of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness ofconstructioncomparabletothatofHenryJames,theirdoes encourage atte

28、mpts to unify the novels heterogeneousHowever, any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the novels diverseelements is bound to be somewhat unconvincing. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel

29、 is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniablepowerthat,ultimately,resistinclusionWutheringinanall-encompassinginterpretation.of Hamlet.Inthisrespect,HeightssharesafeatureThisisnotbecausesuchaninterpretation necessarily stiffens into athesis(althoughrigid

30、ityinanyinterpretation of this or of any novel isalwaysbecause recalcitrantadanger),buthasWutheringelementsHeightsofundeniablepower that, ultimately, resist inclusion inan all-encompassing interpretation.内容的扩展由到整体The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that an interpretation of anove

31、l should 问的是任意一部小说Not try to unite heterogeneous elements in the novel符合WHNot be inflexible in its treatment of the elements in the novelA.B.C. Not agree that the complex use of narrators or of time shifts indicates asophisticated structureD. Concentrate on those recalcitrant elements of the novel t

32、hat are outside the novelsmain structure无中生有(重点关注小说主之外的难以驾驭的元素)E. Primarily consider those elements of novelistic construction of which the author ofthe novel was aware. 无中生有（主要关注作者有意安排的的小说结构里的元素）观点评论型文章BenjaminFranklinisportrayedinAmericanhistoryasthequintessential self-made man. In “Self-reliance”

33、, Emerson asks,“Where is the master who could have instructed Franklin.?” In fact, Franklin took instruction widely, and his scientific work was highly collaborative. Friends in England sent equipment needed for his electrical experiments, others, in Philadelphia, helped him set up his workshop ther

34、e. Philip Syng constructed a deviceforgeneratingelectricalcharges,whileTomasHopkinsondemonstrated the potential of pointed conductors. Franklin, inaddition to being the groups theoretician, wrote and published its results. His fame as an individual researcher is partly a consequence of the shorthand

35、 by which when onewrites about a groups discoveries, history sometimes grants singular credit for collective effort.Passage 20 Benjamin Franklin is portrayed in American history as thequintessential self-made man. In “Self-reliance”, Emerson asks, “Where is the master who could have instructed Frank

36、lin.?” In fact, Franklin took instruction widely, and his scientific work was highly collaborative. Friends in England sent equipment needed for his electrical experiments, others, in Philadelphia, helped him set up his workshop there. Philip Syng constructed a device for generating electrical charg

37、es, while Tomas Hopkinson demonstrated the potential of pointed conductors. Franklin, in addition to being the groups theoretician, wrote and published its results. His fame as an individual researcher is partly a consequence of theshorthand by which when onewrites about a groups discoveries,history

38、 sometimes grants singular credit for collective effort.S1.S2 引出 主旨自问自答In fact， 引导主旨句S4，S5，S6，S7 支持主旨句1. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlightedsentence?A. It states a viewpoint about Franklin with which the author disagrees.B. It introduces new evidence about Franklins

39、 role in the collaborative process.C. It explains Franklins reputation in terms of a broad scholarlyphenomenon.D. It emphasizes the extent to which Franklin relied on others in his workshop.E. It describes Franklins approach to writing scientific results.1. Which of the following best describes the

40、function of the highlightedsentence?A. It states a viewpoint about Franklin with which the author disagrees.B. It introduces new evidence about Franklins role in the collaborative process.C. It explains Franklins reputation in terms of a broad scholarly在方面phenomenon.D. It emphasizes the extent to wh

41、ich Franklin relied on others in hisworkshop.E. It describes Franklins approach to writing scientific results.C【】highlighted sentence 句子作用题His fame as an individual researcher is partly a consequenceof the shorthand by which when onewrites about agroups discoveries, history sometimes grants singular

42、 creditfor collective effort.划线分句提示这是一个历史中的普遍现象2. Emerson is mentioned in the passage primarily toA. Identify the origin of a particular understanding of FranklinB. Elaborate on a view of Franklin that the author takes issue withC. Point to a controversial claim about Franklins historical legacyD. I

43、ntroduce the question of who Franklins main scientific influences wereE. Suggests that Franklin was resistant to collaboration with otherscientistsB【】句子作用题句】In “Self-reliance”, Emerson asks, “Where is themaster who could have instructed Franklin.?” 引出了主旨In fact Passage 4（短文章文学评论（对比）中等）African Americ

44、an drama has, until recently, been rooted in the mimetic tradition of modern American naturalism. The most distinctive attributeof this tradition is the mechanistic, materialistic conception of huma.theNaturalismseeseachindividualasinextricablyboundtoenvironment and depicts eachof controlling, concr

45、ete reality.Asas someone controlled by, insteadlongasAfrican Americandramamaintained naturalism as its dominant mode, it could only express the“plightofAfricanAmericanpeople”.Itsheroesmightdeclarethemadness of reality, but reality inevitably triumphed over them.ThesurrealisticplaysofAdrienneKennedym

46、arkoneofthefirstThedeparturesfromnaturalismbyanAfricanAmericandramatist.overall goal of her work has been to depict the world of the soul and thespirit, not to mirror concrete reality. Within this framework, Kennedy has been able to portray African American minds and souls liberated from their conne

47、ctions to the external environment.段1和段2 形成对比段1. African American Naturalism + feature 1段2. Surrealistic +feature2African American drama has, until recently, been rooted in the mimetictradition of modern American naturalism. The most distinctive attribute ofthistraditionis theNaturalism sees each an

48、d depicts eachmechanistic,materialisticconceptionofhuma.individual as inextricably bound to the environmentas someone controlled by, instead of controlling,concrete reality. As long as African American drama maintained naturalismas its dominant mode, it could only express the “plight of African Amer

49、icanpeople”.Itsheroesmightdeclarethemadnessofreality,butrealityinevitably triumphed over them.The surrealistic plays of Adrienne Kennedy mark one of the first departures from naturalism by an African American dramatist. The overall goal of her work has been to depict the world of the soul and the sp

50、irit, not to mirror concrete reality. Within this framework, Kennedy has been able to portray African American minds and souls liberated from their connections to the external environment.1. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?A. African American drama has been primari

51、ly influenced by naturalisms emphasis on the materialistic.B. African American drama has traditionally acknowledged the relationship between the individual and the environment.C. African American drama, traditionally naturalistic, has been little influenced by dramatist Kennedys spiritual and psycho

52、logical approach to drama.D. The work of Kennedy suggests a shift away from a commitment to strict naturalism in African American drama.E. The work of Kennedy best exemplifies the current interest of AfricanAmerican artists in the spiritual and psychological worlds.1. Which of the following best sta

53、tes the central idea of the passage?A. African American drama has been primarily influenced by naturalisms emphasis on the materialistic.以偏概全谈论了段1内容B. African American drama has traditionally acknowledged the relationship between the individual and the environment.忽略了对比关系C. African American drama, t

54、raditionally naturalistic, has been little influenced by dramatist Kennedys spiritual and psychological approach to drama. 忽略了段2D. The work of Kennedy suggests a shift away from a commitment to strict naturalism in African American drama.E. The work of Kennedy best exemplifies the current interest o

55、f African American artists in the spiritual and psychological worlds.Best 画蛇添足，忽略了段1错误选项的特征小结1. 无中生有2. 以偏概全3. 张冠李戴4. 画蛇添足2. According to the passage, Kennedy is concerned with depicting theA. internal rather than the external life of her charactersB. madness of reality rather than the effects of realityC. effects