C++程序设计实验6

1、实验6 运算符重载实验目的l 掌握运算符重载的规则；l 掌握运算符成员函数与运算符友元函数的实现及应用；l 学会定义类中单目和双目运算符的重载函数；l 理解重载运算符的作用，学会对典型的运算符进行重载。实验学时本次实验需要2个学时。实验要求l 实验上机之前，根据实验内容要求，自行设计编写程序，完成预习报告。l 实验上机时调试并修正程序。l 当次上机结束前分析错误原因并给出实验结论，提交实验报告。实验内容1.基础部分（1）定义复数类complex，包括私有数据成员实部real和虚部image。定义该类的构造，拷贝构造，析构函数。为该类重载运算符+，-（友元函数），前置和后置+，-（成员函数），插

2、入符和提取符<<，>>（友元函数）。在main函数里定义复数对象，测试重载的这些运算符。2.进阶部分（2）设计一个mystring类，包括数据成员char * pstr; 和 int length; 通过运算符重载实现字符串的输入>>、输出<<、连接+=、赋值=、关系运算（=、!=、>、<）、下标等运算。/*（1）定义复数类complex，包括私有数据成员实部real和虚部image。定义该类的构造，拷贝构造，析构函数。为该类重载运算符+，-（友元函数），前置和后置+，-（成员函数），插入符和提取符<<，>>（

3、友元函数）。在main函数里定义复数对象，测试重载的这些运算符。#include<iostream>#include<string>using namespace std;class Complex public:Complex(int real1=0,int image1=0) :real(real1),image(image1)Complex() ;friend Complex operator+(const Complex &a1, const Complex &a2);friend Complex operator-(const Complex

4、&a1, const Complex &a2);Complex operator+();Complex operator+(int);Complex operator-();Complex operator-(int);friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Complex&a3);friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, Complex&a3);private:int real;int image;Complex o

5、perator+(const Complex &a1, const Complex &a2)return Complex(a1.real + a2.real, a1.image + a2.image);Complex operator-(const Complex &a1, const Complex &a2)return Complex(a1.real - a2.real, a1.image - a2.image);Complex Complex:operator+()+real;+image;return *this;Complex Complex:oper

6、ator+(int)Complex a = *this;+(*this);return a;Complex Complex:operator-()-real;-image;return *this;Complex Complex:operator-(int)Complex a = *this;-(*this);return *this;ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Complex& a3)os<< a3.real << "+" << a3.image &l

7、t;< "i"return os;istream& operator>>(istream& is, Complex&a3)is >> a3.real >> a3.image;return is;int main()Complex a4(4,5), a5(6,7),A,B;cout << "a4:" << a4 << endl;cout << "a5:" << a5 << endl;cout <

8、< "请重新为a4,a5对象输入数据：" ;cin >> a4;cin >> a5;cout << "重新输入后a4：" << a4 << endl;cout << "重新输入后a5：" << a5 << endl;A = a4 + a5;cout << "重载修改后加法A:"cout << A << endl;A = a4 - a5;cout << "重载

9、修改后减法A:"cout << A << endl;cout <<"重载修改后a4前置+:"<<+a4 << endl;cout <<"重载修改后a5后置+:" <<a5+ << endl;cout << "重载修改后再次修改的a4前置-:" << -a4 << endl;cout << "重载修改后再次修改的a5后置-:" << a5- <&l

10、t; endl;return 0;（2）设计一个mystring类，包括数据成员char * pstr; 和 int length; 通过运算符重载实现字符串的输入 >> 、输出 << 、连接+=、赋值 = 、关系运算（ = 、 != 、>、<）、下标等运算。#include <iostream>#include <string>using namespace std;class mystringpublic:mystring(char *p);mystring()free(pstr);mystring& operator=(

11、mystring& s);void operator+=(mystring & a)this->pstr = (char*)realloc(this->pstr, this->length + a.length + 1);strcpy(this->pstr + (this->length), a.pstr);char& operator (int n);bool operator =(const mystring & s)if (strcmp(this->pstr, s.pstr) = 0)return 1;elseretur

12、n 0;bool operator !=(const mystring & s)if (strcmp(this->pstr, s.pstr) != 0)return 1;elsereturn 0;bool operator <(const mystring & s)if (strcmp(this->pstr, s.pstr)<0)return 1;elsereturn 0;bool operator >(const mystring & s)if (strcmp(this->pstr, s.pstr)>0)return 1;el

13、sereturn 0;friend ostream & operator <<(ostream & os, const mystring & s) return os << s.pstr << strlen(s.pstr); friend istream & operator >>(istream & is, mystring & s)delete s.pstr;is >>s.length ;s.pstr = new chars.length + 1;is >> s.pstr

14、;*(s.pstr + s.length) = '0'return is;private:char *pstr;int length;mystring:mystring(char *p)this->pstr = (char*)malloc(strlen(p) + 1);strcpy(this->pstr, p);this->length = strlen(p);mystring& mystring: operator =(mystring & s)deletepstr; this->pstr = new charstrlen(s.pstr

15、) + 1;if (pstr)strcpy(this->pstr, s.pstr); return *this;char& mystring:operator(int n)static char ch = 0;if (n > length | n < 0)cout << "数组越界" << endl;return ch;elsereturn *(pstr + n);int main()mystring a("abde"), b("defe");/mystring c(a);/cout

16、<< c;cout << a << " " << b << endl;a = b;cout << a << endl;a += b;cout << a << endl;cin >> a;cout << a << endl;if (a > b)cout << "a字符串更大：" << a << endl;if (a < b)cout << "b字符串更大：" << b << endl;if (a = b)cout << "a,b相等" << a << endl;if (a != b)cout << "a,b不相等" << endl;a1 = ' q'cout << a << endl;实验心得：本次实验我们所学习的是函数的重载，函数