我对宋朝历史地位的认识（My understanding of the historical status of Song Dynasty）

1、我对宋朝历史地位的认识（My understanding of the historical status of Song Dynasty）This paper is composed of small Hin love with fag hagPdf documents may experience poor browsing on the WAP side. It is recommended that you first select TXT, or download the source file to the local view.The new discovery of histo

2、rical research has caused the Renaissance of the West for the Renaissance of the East. It was unavoidable that the history of the two Song Dynasty had been raised several hundred years earlier than the Renaissance in the west. Today in the books, the Song Dynasty was found from time to time Yan said

3、 traditional social ideal state, the best state formulation. In my opinion, these would also belong to stretch the truth. ReferencesLv Zuqian 1 2 Hao Jing Dynasty ancientmirror M which first edition of the Lingchuan set M king seal yuan Ge four books! Zhang Bangwei (1940?), male, Sichuan province Ji

4、ang County, Professor of history at Sichuan Normal University, mainly engaged in the study of ancient history China. # 3 Mr. Chen Yinque Anthology: volume second M Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Press, 1980 4 Zhu Ruixi 5 Lee Hongqi 6 Liu Derek division, 1978 7 1970 song history data extraction to

5、record M Taipei: Jingkang Wenhai press, research essays J history of song and Yuan period, 1990 (3) the history of the Song Dynasty Juren A international seminar of the Song Dynasty in two C on Song Dynasty history compilation M Taipei: Joint Publishing CompanyTaipei: University of Chinese culture,

6、1988My understanding of the historical status of Song DynastyZhao Xi Hu(College of history and culture, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu 610065)The academic circles still have different views on the Song Dynasty's status in ancient china. The Song Dynasty is poor and weak or think, not that

7、the song is not flourishing; the other is the social prosperity, but its prosperity and development. Or that the peak of Chinese ancient social development was in Tang Dynasty, while the other thought it was in Song dynasty. Or that the policy of conservative, no other thought as; the Song Dynasty i

8、s the turning era China in feudal society, the social development a lot, such as water lan. The height of social development? It occupies what position in the history of ancient Chinese? This is the two to correct understanding of history, the Song Dynasty China Chinese history and traditional cultu

9、re, but also relates to the correct understanding of China conditions and to better carry forward the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation problem. First of all, to see the Song Dynasty social, economic and cultural development n conditions and their height. The Song Dynasty could not

10、 compare with Han and Tang Dynasties in terms of territory, national power and openness. However, the Song Dynasty society developed obviously on the basis of the Tang Dynasty society, and it was in the period of the great fusion of the ancient Chinese nation and the further development of the feuda

11、l society. And in general, its development is higher than that of Tang dynasty. The bottom line is: social production? Crop yield per unit area is better than that of the Tang Dynasty, planting wheat, cotton spread, economic crops and industrial progress than most of the Tang dynasty. The further de

12、velopment of commodity economy, the town square breakthrough, rise, development of city, the world first note jiaozi (more than 600 years earlier than in Europe first note). The social, economic and cultural aspects of some mountainous areas and minority areas have also been markedly improved. In th

13、e field of science and technology, three of the four great inventions of ancient China were completed in the Song Dynasty, namely, compass, gunpowder and movable type printing. The world's first astronomical clock and the world famous stone astronomy map and geographical map appeared. Mathematic

14、ian Jia Xian's multiplication and opening method, Qin Jiushao's "big poem", "integer method" in the form of a congruent solution, than EuropeSimilar algorithms were eight hundred and five hundred years earlier. Medicine from the previous three divided into nine families,

15、the world's first forensic work &% Xiyuan lu. Acupuncture has great development. % of classic classified materia medica for Emergency Medicine & received% & four hundred and seventy-six New Tang materia. Architecture, geology and so on have all reached new levels. In the spiritual an

16、d cultural aspects, the revival of Confucianism has been completed, and the traditional Confucian studies have entered a new stage of song studies, which has created Neo Confucianism, namely Neo confucianism. It promoted the further development of the three schools of Confucianism, Buddhism and budd

17、hism. Completed the ancient text, the movement. In the Tang and Song Dynasties prose eight in Song Dynasty, accounted for six. The word reached its peak. This has opened a new era in the history of literature China. The historical genre diversity, the rise of Fang Zhixue, epigraphy works rich; histo

18、rians reached a peak in China ancient historiography. Formation and development of academy system. Such as calligraphy, sculpture, stone carvings, painting and so on, have reached a new level. Buddhism and Taoism have also undergone new developments. The system of culture in Tang Dynasty? Weijian, T

19、ang is complete. Autocracy of official selection, management and supervision system,To prevent the generals, civil servants, wives, relatives, clan, dictatorship and the eunuch without authorization on the politics of Confucian is kuanshu etc. It can be seen that in the Han and Tang, Song Dynasty bo

20、th material culture and spiritual culture, system culture has new development, and in many ways is unprecedented among the highest in the world, at the time of the. It can be said that the height of social development in Song Dynasty was generally more than that of the Tang dynasty. Mr. Deng Guangmi

21、ng once pointed out: to achieve the two Song period of material civilization and spiritual civilization, in the feudal era, can be said to be unprecedented. Mr. Chen Yinque also pointed out that the culture of Chinese nation, has 1000 years of evolution, in the world Songzhi Zhao zaoji. Secondly, th

22、e social change of song dynasty. Throughout history, the Song Dynasty is the era of social change China turning in the feudal society, the society has changed. For example: 101Journal of Hebei 2006?5 further proposed and poor, China ancient peasant uprising and entered into a new stage. The ideologi

23、cal and cultural aspects? The ancient prose movement, the revival of Confucianism, Neo Confucianism, poetry rise, formation of local topography, the rise of epigraphy, the emergence and development of vernacular, Buddhism Chinese popularization, etc., are all in the feudal society of epoch-making ch

24、ange and transition. The Song Dynasty the social change and the nexus turn, large scale, comprehensive, rich and colorful, waves repeatedly, after most began in the Mid Tang Dynasty, completed in the Song Dynasty, and far-reaching impact on future generations. Mongolian has pointed out: since the Qi

25、n Dynasty two thousand years of Chinese history, in terms of great changes, it can be divided into two major sections before Tang and Tang Dynasties. In the light of its remarkable passages, it can be divided into four sections: Wei, Jin, Mid Tang and Ming dynasties. The four stage of late, and in T

26、ang Dynasty before the Tang Dynasty later changed most violently, but also more comprehensive. Therefore, the correct understanding of the development of social economy and culture in the same height, but also a correct understanding of the important role in connecting China in ancient history, to s

27、cientific understanding of true history, grasp the trajectory and the rules of historical development.The economy? The system collapse, tenancy system, common development. The system of rent equalization was abolished, and the two tax law was developed to improve the "two tax" system. The

28、functions of some towns are developed from military cities to industrial and commercial cities. Because of the relative development of commodity economy, the Song Dynasty notes and the child, the child, child, a great impact on future generations of currency. Some aspects or areas have the social co

29、nditions that produce the seeds of capitalism. The structure of society? The foundation of ruling by landlords to changed mainly big bureaucrats and big landlords. Labor relations of personal dependence due to the development of the tenancy system and the relative relaxation. The political system? B

30、y the emperor, landlords political system changes, for the emperor, bureaucrats and landlords political system. The division and weakening of the power of the prime minister. By the change of mercenary soldier system. The local administrative divisions are set up along Tang Road and are developed in

31、to administrative organizations at the first level. The development of control policy. In the peasant uprising, Wang Xiaobao and Li Shun uprising in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty put forward the idea of "both rich and poor" in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, th

32、e bell phase and Yang Yuan UprisingHu Zhaoxi (1933), male, Sichuan City, Zigong Province, Professor of history and culture, Sichuan University, Ph. D. supervisor, mainly engaged in Chinese ancient history research. #The position and influence of the Southern Song Dynasty in Chinese historyZhong Li H

33、e(Department of history, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310028)The Southern Song Dynasty (1127 - 1279) established the country for one hundred and fifty-three years, and people used to have a low evaluation of its historical status. One is that the Southern Song Dynasty from the founding da

34、te, has brought from the Northern Song Dynasty in the old mother's stomach? Jipinjiruo. To the poor, the heavy exploitation of taxes, big spending, financial difficulties, and cause junk banknotes soaring prices, people trapped in poverty, heavy; in the early stage of gold was much more, was for

35、ced to sign a treaty of humiliation, the death, and has been the subject of Mongolian Yuan military harassment land, to exploit the people escape from being attacked and destroyed, the final fate. Two is that the song is a love of comfort, no corruption, inadequate for the generations to follow. For

36、 decades, with the study of the history of the Southern Song Dynasty deeply, historians have started to change this perception, understanding to the Southern Song Dynasty despite the existence of such problems, but it is still very important China dynasties in the history, but also a great contribut

37、ion of the dynasty, the most far-reaching impact on future generations, worthy of our attention it, study it. However, it can not be denied that so far, there are still many people, or only some superficial phenomena in the Southern Song dynasty,Due to traditional or even documented novelist words s

38、till despise the Southern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, down deep, even some very important historical position in Southern Song Dynasty that scholars also think it is a feudal regime, than the Han and Tang Dynasties, cannot be mention in the same breath. In fact, this evaluation lacks

39、the overall understanding of the environment at home and abroad in the Southern Song Dynasty. Only in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty lacked 102 of the Southern Song DynastyUnderstand, especially the neglect of the Southern Song Dynasty made in the political economy, culture, sc

40、ience and technology achievements, ignoring the Southern Song Dynasty in the tradition of great contribution in Chinese civilization, so with a certain one sidedness.I. a prosperous social economyIn Southern Song Dynasty and the people of the Nuzhen nobility in North China, the Central Plains region

41、 of the savage rule, resulting in a large population of the north south, brought plenty of labor, advanced production technology and rich production experience to the country, together with the local people, hard work, greatly promoted the development of social economy in the south. First of all, ag

42、ricultural production techniques made remarkable progress in the Southern Song dynasty. First, there were many kinds of agricultural implements. In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Zhen recorded one hundred farm tools in the total number of agricultural books (five kinds). The farm tools us

43、ed in the Ming and Qing dynasties have appeared in the Southern Song dynasty. The main tool is improved in structure, especially in the Tang Dynasty invented Qu Yuan Li, to the Southern Song Dynasty is more flexible and lightweight, suitable for Mizuta Kosaku. Chisel plow plow, the division, the plo

44、w up in mellow soil, in soil, conducive to crop growth. So far, the plowing of Chinese traditional times has reached a perfect level, and has been used so far. The two is to pay attention to the plough, and by applying fertilizer field technology, to increase soil fertility, promote multiple croppin

45、g of rice and wheat and cereals intercropping system, the first time of rice planting, thus greatly improving the unit areaJournal of Hebei 2006?5 of the Ming Dynasty Chinese abacus invention has an important role in promoting. Finally, in medicine and medicine, the Southern Song Dynasty medical div

46、ision is more complete, almost every department has a famous doctor and famous works. As Chen Ziming proficient in surgical and gynecological, the woman complete recipe &% until the Qing Dynasty still look up to as the standard gynecologist. The surgeon Li Xun into the test set back carbuncle Pa

47、rty &%, welcome by people. Acupuncture by Wang Zhizhong & Zisheng% and Wenren Qinian% emergency Moxibustion & two book, reflects the highest level when the science of acupuncture and moxibustion. Song Ci% & Xiyuan recorded was the first monograph of judicial examination, not only lai

48、d the foundation Chinese ancient forensic medicine, and later in the world of forensic medicine has extensive influence. To sum up, the Southern Song Dynasty is a very important dynasty in Chinese history, but also a huge contribution to the future, far-reaching impact on the future, it is worth to

49、pay attention to it, study it. ReferencesIkeda Shizuo 1 agency, 1940 2 3 Xu Song Cao pine 4 Joseph Needham 1990 compilation of song "s M Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1957 Yuan Ming College of Zhongshan University A language history research China history of science and technology M Beijing:

50、Beijing Science Press, Chinese geography Shi Yan study M Japan: Japan lifeFirst of all, the three great inventions of China's four great inventions, namely, compass, gunpowder and printing, have made greater progress in the Southern Song Dynasty than in the Northern Song dynasty. At that time, t

51、he compass from simple floating single needle for the development of the compass needle is more complex; the Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing years, as local officials keep stereotypes in anti gold war with the invention of the gun barrel with a long bamboo pole for jet flame gun, this is the original

52、 tube firearm, first appeared in the world since then, south the invented process using the gun projectile; Song Wenchen Zhou Bida South Bi Sheng invented movable type printing printing their own works, to become the first person to the practical application of printing in historical records. Second

53、ly, in the agricultural science and technology, the Southern Song Dynasty Chen Fu% agricultural book & China is the earliest in the south of production technology and management of agriculture agriculture work. The book studies the techniques of land use planning for the first time, and puts for

54、ward excellent views on sericulture, planting mulberry and agricultural management. Moreover, in the field of mathematics, Qin Jiushao and Yang Hui were outstanding representatives of the Southern Song Dynasty mathematicians. Qin Jiushao writes in chapter nine &% number, the development of numerical solution of arbitrary high-order equation (open organization) and simultaneous linear congruence method (Dayan method), the leading research in Europe for more than five h