同位语从句讲解及练习

1、同位语从句辨认同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。 一个名词（或其它形式）对另 一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被 它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1. 名词作同位语Mr. Wang, my child ' s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2. 短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children. 我，作为家里

2、最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds,“ Did she die young because she wasa clone ”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题： “多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗”4. 句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes. 巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 同位语从句用法一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示

3、的具体内容。I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有 news，idea ，fact ， promise ， question ， doubt ， thought ，hope，message，suggestion ， words （消息）， possibility 等。（承诺信息主意 是事实；疑问想法与问题；希望消息建议是潜力。 ）I ' ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won' t be able to see you th

4、isafternoon 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 在某些名词表"建议，命令，要求等”（如dema nd, wish, suggestio n, resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 （即 should+ 动词原形； should 可省）There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 同位语从句前名词的数：同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word 除外 ） 加以修饰。Where did you get the

5、 idea that I could not come、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词你在哪儿听说我不能来that ，whether, 连接代词 what ，who。不能引导同位语从句。 ） that 不能省略）连接副词 how, when, where 等。（注： if, which1. 连词 that 引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。 （作 idea 的同位语）注意】引导同位语从句的连词 th

6、at 通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2. 连词 whether 引导同位语从句（注： if 不能引导同位语从句） The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。He must answer the question

7、whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。3. 其它引导词引导的同位语从句A、连接代词 what, who, whom, whose 引导同位语从句1）.I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。 （what 作定语）2）.The question who will take his place is still not clear.（ who 作主语）B 连接副词 when, where, how, why引导同位语从句Wehaven't yet settled the

8、 question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。l have no idea When he will be back我不知道他什么时候回来。My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.三、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。在语法 上叫做分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the c

9、ity他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。 定语从句与同位语从句的区别1. 意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号； 而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。 （news的内容就是 that he will

10、 come ，故 that 引导的是同位语从句 ）Weare glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。 （that 从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故 that 从句为定语从句 ）2. 被修饰词语的区别A. 定语从句的先行词是名词或代词； 而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词， 而且仅限于idea， plan ， fact ， theory ， promise ， hope， news， doubt ， truth ， information ， suggestion ，

11、question ， thought ， belief ， conclusion 等少数名词。例如： The boy who is playing football is my classmate Those who work hard will succeed The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody The fact that you are talking about is important在句中， 划线部分是定语从句， 其先行词是名词 boy ，它不能用作同位语从句的先行 词。在句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其

12、先行词是代词those，代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，句便是一例。由以上分析可见， 同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词， 但定语从句的 先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。Bwhen， where ， why 引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名 词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。例如： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing I have no idea when s

13、he will be back在句中，划线部分是 when引导的定语从句，其先行词day是表示时间的名词；在句中，划线部分是when引导的同位语从句，其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词。3. 引导词的不同定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that ，when, where，why。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。A. 引导词that引导定语从句的 that 叫做关系代词,它除了起连接作用,还在定语从句中充当一定成 分,并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的 that 叫做从属连词,它只起连接作用。 不能省略。例如： The news that you told

14、 me yesterday was really exciting. We heard the news that our team had won .在句中，划线部分是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词news。在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，that没有任何意义，只起连接作用。that 引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词, 要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us 中的 that就充当 told 的宾语。B. 引导词 when, where, why引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词,在从句中充当状

15、语,可以转换成" 介词关系代词" 的形式；引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词,在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词关系代词 " 的形式。例如： I will n ever forget the day whe n I joi ned the army We have no idea when she was born .在句中，划线部分是定语从句，when在从句中作状语，它可以转换成on which的形式；在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，when在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成”介词+关系代词 "的形式。 This is the house whe

16、re I lived two years ago. He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held.在句中，划线部分是定语从句，where在从句中作状语，它可以转换成 in which 的形式；在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，where在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成 "介词+关系代词 "的形式。 This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent在句中，划

17、线部分是定语从句，why在从句中作状语，它可以转换成for which的形式；在句 中，划线部分是同位语从句，why在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词+关系代词 "的形式。 同位语从句-相关语法1、同位语从句在句中的位置1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（ 如 news， idea ， fact ， promise ， hope， message等） 的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。I ' ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won' t be able to see you thisafte

18、rnoon. 我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫 做分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。2、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词 （word 除外 ）加以修饰。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come你在哪儿听说我不能来3

19、、同位语从句的语气在 suggestion ， advice ， request ， order 等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同 位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“ should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should 可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。4、同位语从句的先行词 同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有： idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear,

20、hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。Howdid the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的代词 it 可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个 it 常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语， 同时兼作其后 that 同位语从句的先行词。I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词 it 后的 that

21、 从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为， 这种it后的that从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于"主语 +be+表语”结构。You must see to it that the children don't catch cold. (=You must see to it,and It is that the children don't catch cold.)5、短语及固定句式后的同位语从句I will come on condition that John is invited.简析：短语 Oncondition, on supposition,你要当心

22、，别让孩子们着凉了。如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。 on the ground（s）, on the understanding,及句式 There BE+nowith the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption练习题1. His success was because of he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact2. "Is Mary from New York City " "

23、I don't know ."A. from what city does she come fromB. from what city she comeC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was a new job.A. because I got B. beca

24、use of gettingC. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why .A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know .A. how he is getting along

25、B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting alongD. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it

26、 is10. I am sure he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here yet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not bee wonder how much .A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is someone migh

27、t recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion by a computer.A. that not

28、 all things can be doneB. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be doneD. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was the laboratory attendant had beencareless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I don't doubt he'll come.A. that B. if C. what

29、 D. whether18. "Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang " "Well, I forget I was supposed to go to."A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen

30、is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house. Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved .A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earnssurprised me most was such a little boy of seven could play the violinso well.A. That.what B. What

31、.that C. That.which D. What.which22. We gave him help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that24. Excuse me would you please tell me A. when the sports meet is taken placeB. when is the spo

32、rts meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to beginD. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know A. what size shoes he wearsB. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoesD. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you can be used in other contexts.A. h

33、ow you have observedB. how what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed27. Where do you think A. has he gone B. has he beenC. he's gone D. was he28. Do you know A. how many populations there are in the worldB. how much population there is in the worldC. how many t

34、he population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see outsideA. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subject of "What is interesting is that I do not even know him." is A. what B. interestin

35、g C. What is interesting D. II think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he isB. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He didn't know which room .A. they lived B. they lived inC. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate his mother gave him.A. t

36、hat B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer .A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all what we go swimming every day us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.doC. If.d

37、oes D. That.does was the idea the wife thought ofA. What.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how did he tell his wife he wished to doA. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Which.where of the men held the view the book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that40. I hav

38、e no idea or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41. "Do you know " "His father is a doctor."A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is42. Is this we met each other two years agoA. place B. place in which C. wher

39、e D. place which43. It Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought thatthings.all know the truth there are air, water and sunlight there are livingA. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever45. They discussed they could settle the problem without others' he

40、lp.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked .A. what I was doing when she rang me upB. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doingD. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. - May I borrow the ring - You can take you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whicheve

41、r D. that48. He said that he was fond of .A. what beautiful is B. what is beautifulC. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he in good health and to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. Do you know he expects will give us a talkA. who B. wh

42、om C. that D. whose51. It's uncertain the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday it was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard

43、B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hard the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion for a walk in the park.go will go we go we go we can't get seems better than we have.A. What, what B.

44、What, that C. That, that D. That, what you don't like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether58. You can't imagine when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited we'l

45、l go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60he really means is he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. Why that D. If what going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who'll finish translating the book depends o

46、n the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. Thathouse will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What won't go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether mistakes must correct them.A. Who B.

47、 Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. Howdays later, word came our country had sent up another man-made satellite.A. which B. when C. that D. where problem is will go to the meeting.A. why B. when C. what D. who looks it were going t

48、o rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like is he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how is Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why thought strange that Tom did not come yesterday.A. that B. it C. this D. what fact she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. which

49、 B. what C. that D. howI'm considering now the money we need.A. is B. are C. were D. was you tell me A. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman isD. whom is that gentleman the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who78. It is wel

50、l known a person eats causes changes in the body.A. that what B. that C. what D. how79. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such80. Jack was soon told he did was not necessary.A. why B. that C. how D. why what81. We should think carefully about Mr. Needham

51、 said at the meeting.A. that B. what C. which D. X82. Can you point out two radios are the bestA. which B. what C. that D. whether83. You will easily know video recorders （录相机 ） are the same.A. what those B. that of those C. that all of D. which of those84. you have seen things like these before doe

52、sn't matter.A. If B. Whether C. What D. When85. I asked her in English she was, and she told me she was anactress.A. who that B. who XC. what X D. how that86. She took it for granted I'd be back home an hour ago.A. that B. whether C. if D. when87. We think it possible the local government will be able to solve thehousing problem.A. for B. that C. when D. how88. Now there is a danger the ground may fall in （沉下） under the heavytraffic.A. whether B. if C. X D. that89. At that