旋耕机的类型和构架的研究推广分析.docx

1、旋耕机的类型和构架的研究推广分析Analysisofthetypeandstructureofrotarycultivator1. ThedevetopmentofarotarycultivatorThedevelopmentofrotarytillerhasbeenaroundformorethan150years.ItwasoriginallyBritishandbeautiful.Theuseofthecountry,whichisdrivenbythreetofourkWinternalcombustionengines,ismainlyusedforthecultivationofg

2、ardens.Afterthedevelopmentoftherotarycultivator,therotarycultivatorenteredthefield.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury.AftertheintroductionofthedryfieldrotarycultivatorinEurope,alotofexperimentalresearchhasbeencarriedoutThebladeisappliedtotheneedsofpaddyfield,andthebladeandthebladeoftheknifeshaftaresolve

3、d.Thetillerwasdevelopedrapidly.Ourcountry*sdevelopmentofrotarytillerbeganinthelate1950s,theearlymajorresearchTherotarycultivatorwiththesupportingtractorwasdevelopedandthendevelopedwiththemediumwheeledtractorAmatchingrotarycultivator;Intheearly1970s,allkindsoftractormatchingwascompletedThedesignofthe

4、seriesrotarytiller,andtheapplicationoftheseries.Bythe1980s,Therotarycultivatorwiththesupportingtractorisdevelopedfromthespecialtypetothedualuse,withthehandsupportThetractorisfittedwiththewheelsandcrawlertractor.ThetillerisinourcountryThedevelopmentofsinglemachine,developmentseriesproducts,newproduct

5、developmentandgeneration3Inthisphase,thedevelopmentandpromotionofnewplantingandfarmingagronomyisbasedontherotillerfoundationltalsohasacombinationofvariousUSES.ThenewseriesofrotarycultivatorsareadoptedThenewtypeofrotaryploughingknife,whichcombinesreasonablespeedparameters,widthandcomplexfunction,Usin

6、gthefoundationofrotarytiller,itcanbeassembledonmanykindsofmachines,whichcanbesatisfiedThesameuseandagriculturalrequirements.Atpresent,thescopeofourrototillerisexpanding,Therearemorethan100factoriesandpartsmanufacturers,fromthesouthwaterfieldstothenortherndrylands.ltiswidelyusedinfieldssuchaspasture,

7、wastelandandfruittrees.2. TypeandstructureofrotarycultivatorTypeoftiller10Therearemanydifferentclassificationmethodsforrotarytiller,whichcanbedividedaccordingtothepositionofthetoolshaft.Type,verticalanddiagonal,theuseofhorizontalrotarytillerismorecommon.2.1 ThetransmissionformThetransmissionformofro

8、tarycultivatoristwokindsofmiddledriveandsidedrive.ThemiddledrivetrainThesystemconsistsoftheuniversaljointdriveshaftandtheintermediatetransmissionbox;ThesidedrivesystemismadeupofuniversaljointsThedrivingshaft,themiddledriveboxandthesidedrivingbox.ThesidedrivehasgeartransmissionMovingandsprocketdrivet

9、wo,thesidedriveboxadoptsthechaindrive,theprocessingdemandislow,Notonlythereliabilityispoor,buttheservicelifeisshort,thechainisbrokenandthemaintenancecostwillbeincreased.Whenthemiddledriveisadopted,thelowerpartofthetransmissionboxcausestheleakageofthefield,affectingthequalityoftheworkjnordertosolveth

10、isproblem,alooseearthshovelisfixedatthebottomofthetransmissionbox,whichissmallTypeshareplows,ortwospecialcurvedknivesnexttothetransmissionbox.InordertoadapttoDifferentsoilconditionsandtractorpoweroutputshaftspeed,thetransmissionofrotarytiller.Theboxhasaspeedratioofdifferentgearstogetdifferentblade.s

11、peed.2.2 ThetillerisattachedtothetractorTherearethreekindsofsuspension,directconnectionandtractionoftherotarytillerandtractorIntheform,Chinacurrentlyadoptsthefirsttwotypesofjoin.Thesuspensionofthethree-pointsuspensionrotarycultivatorThehangingandliftingisthesameasthesharetypeplow,drivenbythetractorp

12、oweroutputshaft,throughthewanxiang.Theshaftoftheshaftisdrivenbythegearbox.Directconnectedrotarycultivatorltismainlyusedtosupportthemanualtractor,usuallyafterthemanualtractorgearbox.Thecoverisremovedandthentherotarygearreducerandtractorgearboxarebolted.Together,thegearsinatractorgearboxpassdirectlyto

13、therottillefsgear.Drivetherotarytiller.2.3 TheturningoftheknifeandthespeedTheshiftofthehorizontalrotarykniferollerhasapositiverotationandinversionoftwotypes,atpresent,usingthemore.Alotofitisarotarytiller.Whenturning,thebladeisforcedtocutupthedirtandturnthesoilback.Throw,groundblockandmachinecoverand

14、dragboardcollision,furtherbreak,breakgroundissufficient,butwork.Highconsumption,whichaffectsthestabilityofthecultivateddepthwhentheploughingdepthincreases.KniferollreversalishelpfuLReducingtheenergyconsumptionofcuttingearthandimprovingtheeffectofgroundbreaking,coveringtheburiedgreenabilityisstrong,b

15、uttheresultisalready.Theaccumulationoftheplowedsoilcausestherepeatedcuttingoftheblade,increasingunnecessaryloadandwork.Consumption.Whenreversingrotarytiller,theshellclayismoresevereandthesoilmoistureishigher.Inthecase,reverserotarytillershouldnotbeused.Thepowerconsumptionoftherotaryspeedontherototil

16、lergroup.Loudnoise,idealconfigurationislowkniferollspeedandhighadvancespeed.Inthesamecase,therollspeedoftheknifeis180260r/min,soatpresent,thespeedofkniferollerhasdecreasedTrend.2.4 CutsoilpitchInthesamelongitudinalplane,theturningoftheearth'ssoil,thetimeintervalofthecuttingsoilinside,thedistance

17、oftheunitiscalledthecuttingpitch.ThecuttingpitchismorethanthatofthegroundLargeeffect,generallytoachievegoodbreakgroundeffect,canincreasekniferollinaweekThenumberofbladesortheincreaseoftherotationalspeedratio,thereductionofthespeedoftheunit.Rightnow,inthemiddle.Inthefieldofwheatfieldsofviscosity,thec

18、uttingpitchis10centimeters.2.5 bladeandconfigurationThebladehaschisel,rightAngleknife(alsocalledLknifeorwideknife)andcurvedknife3kindsForm.Theedgeofthechiselknifehasachiseledge,thesoilabilityisstrong,buteasytogetthegrass,generalfitnessUsedforreclamationandloosefields.Theedgeofaright-angleknifeiscutb

19、ysidecuttingedgeandtangentThebladeismadeof,thecuttingstyleissimilartothechiselknife,butthebladeiswideandrigid.Suitablefordrygroundworkindrysoil.ThebladeofacurvedknifeisformedbythecurveThesidecuttingedgeandthetangentedgearetwoparts,whichcaneasilybecutoffandnoteasytowrapGrass,suitableforworkinginthegr

20、assfield,isakindofwaterdroughtcommonknifetype.ThearrangementofthemacheteontheknifeaxisisaffectingthequalityandpowerconsumptionofrotarycultivatorsOneoftheimportantfactorsoftheinstallationcanbeconfiguredaccordingtodifferentagriculturalskills.machetesThearrangementshouldgenerallymeetthefollowingrequire

21、ments:thebladeshouldworkashardaspossibletolimittheconstraintsonthesideToreducethelateralpressureontheshaftbearing,reducetherotationoftherotarybladeTheturningdistanceofthecenteroftheplowingmachineensuresthatthemachineworksinastraightline,reducingpowerconsumptionandadjacentdaoThespacingbetweentheslice

22、sshouldbeaslargeaspossibletopreventthecuttingoftheknife.ThecurvedknifeTherearethreemaintypesofinstallationmethods.Inside,outside,andinterlaced.2.6 TheselectionofthespeedoftheunitTheprincipleofthespeedselectionoftheunitistoreachthegroundlevelandthesurfacelevel.Toensurethequalityoffarming,thepowerofth

23、etractorshouldbefullyutilized.Usuallybefore.Speed25km/hcanbeusedwhenfarmingonsolidsoilForwardspeed.2.7 HomeworkwidthInordertocontroltheincreaseinpowerconsumption,theplowingshouldbecompressedproperly,butinordertoeliminatethedelayThewheelrutmakesthegroundlevelafterploughing,andcanbetowedwhenthesoiliss

24、mallerthanresistanceThepullerandtherotarytillerarebeingconfiguredtomaketheploughsmorethan10cmintherearofthetractor.Inthecaseofsoilresistance,thetractorandrotarytillerwillbeused.Underthesoilconditionsofthesouthernwaterfield,itis1216cmdeepandthespindlespeedof18022O.R/min,theforwardvelocityis25km/h.3 R

25、esearchandpromotionofrotarytillerAtpresent,therotarytillerhasbeenwidelyused,butduetotheexistingproductseries.Thelimitationofstrengthandstructuresize,itsfunctionhasbeenrelativelysimpleLimitedtomedium,smallpowertractor,lacklargeanddeep-cultivatedproducts.Inthefuture,Theresearchandpromotionofthemachine

26、shouldbedominatedbylarge,deepplowing.3.1 Morethan20cmdeepplowedrotarycultivatorandacombinationofrotationaltillage.ThejointoperatingmachineandtherotarycultivatorwiththepowertractorBecauseofthepowertractorhasseveralslowspeedandevencrawl,somecountries.Thedeepplowingmachinewasdevelopedandthedeepplowingm

27、achinewasdeveloped,whichreached3060respectivelyCmand90120cm,therebygreatlywideningthetillagefield.3.2 Reducingpowerconsumptionandincreasingefficiencyisalsoafocusoffutureresearchandpromotion.Inordertoreducethepowerconsumptionandimprovethequalityofthecultivation,thebladeparametersshouldbefurtherstudie

28、d.Explorenewmethodsofcultivating,suchassubsoilreversal,etc.Atpresent,thecountryhasproducedthereverse.Rotaryploughingmachine,whichisnowwidelyusedforfarmingandcoveringgreenmanure;Drainplough,Theadvantageofdrivingthediscploughistomakethespinningpartinthehorizontalpositionofthehorizontalplane.ltcancutth

29、esoilsmoothly,thebladeofthebladeisevenlydistributed,therebyreducingthepowerconsumption.Toimproveefficiency,Wealsoneedtodeveloplargemachinetoolsthatcanbeusedformulti-functionjointoperation.3.3 ReducemaintenancecostsforusersThedesignofrotarycultivatorisdesignedbymeansoftheprincipleandmethodofserviceli

30、fe.Thecertificateisusedfor4-5years,reducingthemaintenancecostoftheuser.3.4 ApplicationsofemergingtechnologiesWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,weshouldconsiderapplyingsomenewtechniquestorotarycultivators.Onthetop,suchastheinformationsystem,developacopycontroloftheorchard,theforestfieldusether

31、otarytillerandTherotarytillerofhydraulickniferoller.4 DesignofdatasignalprocessingsystemThedatasignalprocessingsystemistheheartofthedetectionsystem,andherelatestothedetectionsystem.Theprecisionofthecottonisaffectedbytheprecision.High-speeddatacollectionprocessingsystemisThedevelopmentdirectionofthed

32、atacollectionprocessingsystemistoobservethecottonspecies.ThedetectionandsubsequentprocessingofthemeasuredsignalsdirectlyaffecttheselectionofcottoncolorColorselectionaccuracy.Therefore,thedesignofdatasignalprocessingsystemisespeciallycritical.TheprincipleofthecollectionsystemisthattheCCDisdrivenbythe

33、drivercircuit.Theanalogsignalsarecollectedandtheanalogsignalsarecollectedbysignalconditioningcircuit.ToconvertanalogsignalsintodigitalsignalstoimproveDSPprocessingspeed,addedFIFObuffertothesystem,becauseofhereFIFOdevicesdonotmatchtheleveloftheDSPchipthatwaschosen,sointhesystemAlevelconverterisadded,

34、andafteraFIFObuffer,thesignalentersDSPProcessingthemodule,thenprocessingthesignal,andfinallybyMCUtocontroltheexecutionmachineStructure.TheDSPprocessingmoduleisthekeytothesystem,whichUSEDIT,ProductionDSPchip,C2XXkernel,4assemblylinedesign,instructioncycle2.5Ns,3.3Vpowersupply;Thereare32k!6bitsofFLASH

35、and16bitsofRAM,bothofthemProcessRAM544bytes,singleprocessRAM2kbytes,noexternalstorage;A16-channel10-bitADC,theminimumconversiontimeof500ns;OutsideaserialSettheinterfaceSPI;YoucanusestandardCprogrammerprogramming,orClanguageandsinkProgramminglanguagestomeetindustrialcontrolrequirementsperfectly.Here,

36、DSPisthesignalprocessingcenterfortheentirehardwaresystem,andheacceptstheharvestfromtheCCDThesetsignalisprocessedandpassedtoMCUwhileDSPiscompleteFLASHandSDRAMcontrol5 conclusionTheelectro-opticaldetectionsystemisthecoresystemofthede-flannelercottoncolorselectionmachine,andalsoAverysophisticatedsystem

37、withhighprecisioninactualproduction,howmuchmoreReasonabledesignofthewholesystem,suchasopticalimagingandopticalilluminationFurtherresearchisneeded.ThispapermainlydealswithopticalsystemanddataprocessingsystemThispaperbrieflydiscussesthesettingofthephotodetectionsystemofthedevelvetsThemethodistolaythef

38、oundationforthedesignoftheremovalofcotton.旋耕机的类型和构架的研究推广分析1旋耕机的发展现状旋耕机的发展至今巳有150多年的历史，最初在英国、美国推广使用，由34kW内燃机驱动，主要用于庭园耕作，直到L型旋耕刀研制成功后，旋耕机才进入大田作业。20世纪初，日本从欧洲引进旱田旋耕机后，经过大量的试验研究工作，研制出适用于水田耕作要求的弯刀，解决了刀齿和刀轴的缠草问题，旋耕机才得到了迅速发展。我国对旋耕机的研制始于20世纪50年代末，初期主要研制与手扶拖拉机配套的旋耕机，后来研制出与中型轮式拖拉机配套的旋耕机；70年代初完成了与当时国产的各类拖拉机配套的系

39、列旋耕机的设计，并使之得到了推广应用；到80年代,与手扶拖拉机配套的旋耕机由专用型发展到兼用型，由与手扶拖拉机配套发展到与轮式及履带式拖拉机配套。旋耕机在我国的发展经历了单机研制、发展系列产品、新产品开发和换代3个阶段，随着新的种植、耕作农艺的发展和推广，在旋耕机基础上还研制出了多种用途的联合复式作业机。新系列旋耕机采用的新型旋耕刀，综合了合理的速度参数、幅宽和复式作业功能，采用旋耕机基础件组合式结构，可组装在多种机型上，满足不同的用途与农艺要求。目前，我国旋耕机的使用范围不断扩大，整机及零部件生产企业有100余家，从南方水田到北方旱地以及牧场、荒地和果林等都广泛使用旋耕机进行耕耘作业。2旋耕

40、机的类型和构架2.1旋耕机的类型旋耕机有多种不同的分类方法，按刀轴的位置可分为卧式、立式和斜置式，目前，卧式旋耕机的使用较为普遍。2.2传动形式旋耕机传动形式有中间传动和侧边传动2种。中间传动系统由万向节传动轴和中间传动箱组成；侧边传动系统由万向节传动轴、中间传动箱和侧边传动箱组成。侧边传动又有齿轮传动和链轮传动2种，侧边传动箱采用链传动时，加工要求较低，不但可靠性较差，而且使用寿命短，链条断后会增加维修费用。当采用中间传动时，传动箱的下部会造成漏耕，影响作业质量，为了解决这个问题，在传动箱的下部固定了一个松土铲,即小型铮式犁，或者在传动箱的旁边装2把特殊的弯刀。为了适应不同的土壤条件及拖拉机

41、动力输出轴转速，有的旋耕机的传动箱配有速比不同的齿轮，以得到不同的刀辐转速。2.3旋耕机与拖拉机的挂接旋耕机与拖拉机的挂接有三点悬挂、直接联接和牵引3种形式，我国目前采用前2种联接方式。三点悬挂式旋耕机的悬挂及升降与车华式犁相同，由拖拉机动力输出轴驱动，通过万向节传动轴，经传动箱减速后带动刀轴工作。直接联接式旋耕机主要用于与手扶拖拉机配套，一般是将手扶拖拉机的变速箱后盖取下来，然后将旋耕机减速箱和拖拉机变速箱用螺栓联接在一起，动力由拖拉机变速箱里的齿轮直接传给旋耕机的齿轮,以驱动旋耕机运转。2.4刀辐转向及转速卧式旋耕机刀辐的转向有正转和反转2种，目前，使用较多的是正转旋耕机。正转时刀片强制切

42、碎土块，并将土块向后抛掷，土块与机罩及拖板相撞后，进一步破碎,碎土充分，但功耗较大，在耕深增加时，影响耕深的稳定性。刀辐反转则有利于降低切土能耗和提高碎土效果，覆盖埋青能力强，但易导致已耕土块堆积，造成刀辐的重复切削，增大了不必要的负荷和功耗。反转旋耕机作业时，罩壳黏土比较严重，在土壤湿度较大的情况下，不宜采用反转旋耕机。刀辐转速对旋耕机组的功耗影响较大，较理想的配置是低的刀辐转速和较高的前进速度。一般情况下，刀车昆转速为180260r/min,目前，刀馄转速有降低的趋势。2.5切土节距同一纵向平面内切土的旋耕刀，在其相继切土的时间间隔内，机组前进的距离称为切土节距。切土节距对碎土程度有较大的

43、影响，一般为达到良好的碎土效果，可增加刀辐在一周内的刀片数量或增加旋耕速比，即降低机组前进速度。目前，在中等黏度的麦田地，切土节距为10cmo2.6刀片及配置刀片有凿型刀、直角型刀（又称L型刀或宽刀）和弯刀3种形式。凿型刀正有凿型刃口，入土能力强，但易缠草，一般适用于垦荒地和较疏松的田地。直角型刀的刃口由侧切刃和正切刃组成，切削方式和凿型刀相似，也易缠草，但刀身宽，刚性好，适合在土质较硬的干旱地上作业。弯刀的刃口由曲线构成，包括侧切刃和正切刃2个部分,可轻松地将草茎切断，且不易缠草，适合在多草的田里作业，是一种水旱通用的刀型。弯刀在刀轴上的排列是影响旋耕机耕作质量及功率消耗的重要因素之一，在安装时可根据不同的农艺要求配置。弯刀的排列一般应满足下列要求：刀片尽量工作在少侧向约束条件下，并均匀入土，以减小对刀轴轴承的侧压力，减少旋耕刀对旋耕机重心的转距,保证机器工作时的直线性，减少功耗，相邻刀片间沿圆周方向的间距应尽可能大，以防止刀间壅土。弯刀的安装方法主要有3种；内装法，外装法，交错法。2.7机组前进速度的选择机组前进速度选择的原则是达到碎土要求，地表平整，既要保证耕作质量，又要充分发挥拖拉机的功率。一般情况下前进速度25km/h,在坚实度较大的土地上耕作时可选用较低的前进速度。2.8作业幅宽为控制功耗急剧增加，应适当压缩耕幅，但为了消除拖拉机轮辙，使耕后地表平