归化异化优缺点

1、归化/隐身的优点A ccording to Venuti, invisibility produces the illusion of transparency or fluency that is supported by a network of the publishing industry 传统的“归化”采用了透明，流畅，通顺的翻译策略，在英语中形成一种外国文 学的规范， 要求译者在翻译活动中不流露自身的痕迹， 让读者在阅读时， 就像阅 读目的语创作的作品一般缺点He asserts that this kind of translation performs an act of do

2、mestication, which makes the foreign text understandable and familiar and enacts an ethnocentric violence and a cultural imperialis “归化法”翻译策略主导英美文化翻译现象是欧美文化霸权的一种表现形式。 “不可见性” 是用目的语的语言规范来看待， 扭曲原语盲文化。 凸显出来的是一 种强势文化对于弱势文化的一种殖民关系。 是种族中心主义和文化霸权主义的体 现Venutis translation theory has broken new ground theoret

3、ically,castinga new light on America and building powerful historical and ideological casesagainstwhat he calls invisibility or transparenceof domesticatingor fluent translationand in favor ofwhat he calls the resistant dissidencoef foreignizingtranslation. His contributions to translation studies a

4、re multiple.In th is chapter,the thesis analyzes histheory, points out some limitations and attempts to give some solutions. 异化/显身的优点Venutis theory aims to demystify the illusion of transparency and equivalence and to make the translation processmore visible by means of showing how translators are d

5、eeply involved in the construction of culture and ideology.首先， Venutl 的理论能为我们带来更多外国作品， 并使我们有机会重新读到那些被人忽视或 遗忘了的作品和作家。 在英美国家， 出售翻译权给别国的比例要远远高于购买翻译权进行翻 译的比例。运用 Venutl 的异化理论能够抵制这种文化入侵，引进更多优秀的外国作品，平 衡由英语国家文化为主导的文学翻译。 其次， 这个方法比其他的理论更加详尽的保留了这些 作家， 或是更有名的作家的原作， 我们有更多机会来接近和分析保有原作痕迹的译作。 译者 在翻译过程中凸显原作和译作的差别，让我

6、们感受文化多元化The main feature of Venutis foreignizing translation strategy isto signify the foreignnessof the foreign text. And this feature can help the target readers to understand the foreign expressions and cultures, realizing the diferences between the two countries.One of the most important functio

7、ns of Venutis foreignizing translation is to promote the cultural communicationand transmissionbetween the two cultural countries or communities.With the foreignizing translation strategy, these sayings can keep the original taste and at the same time, thesenew expressions are easily understood by t

8、he Chinese readers.异化、显身的缺点 不足之处主要体现在其异化理论在译入语的文化地位， 目标读者和文本类型方面都有其 局限性。The limitations of Venuti s theorys are that he hasn t paid enough attention to the cultural status of the target language,the target readers and the text types显身的例子例1As a mater of fact, the cultural communication and transmissi

9、on brought by foreignizing translation can be clearly seen in China. Nowadays, Chinese people have already unconsciously accepted a lot of foreign expressions, such as KFC, Pizza, coffee, honeymoon, open secret, ivory tower and so on. These English expressions have already been loaned to Chinese wit

10、h Chinese people feeling no foreignness at all. The fact that these expressions are frequently used in Chinese as if they were the original Chinese indicates that foreignizing translation does contribute to enriching Chinese and p romoting cultural communication例2As we all know, English is rich in p

11、roverbs and sayings that are extremely special in terms of their cultural features. If the translators apply the foreignizing translation, they can keep the original image of these proverbs and sayings, thus reproducing the original flavor in the target language.We never know the worth of water til

12、the well is dry. 井干方知水可贵。Whent hec atis aw ay,th em icew ilp lay. 猫儿不在，老鼠玩得自在 .Too many cooks spoil the broth. 厨子多了煮坏汤。in the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king. 盲人国里，独眼为王。An unfortunate man would be drowned in a cup. 人一倒霉，一杯茶也能淹死。Bad workmen often blame their tools. 拙匠常怪工具差。Necessity is

13、the mother of invention. 需要是发明之母。People are more convinced by words than by blows. 言语比棍棒更能说服人。显身的缺点的例子W ith?Sinbad the Sailor and Tinbad the Tailor and Jinbad the Jailer and W hinbad the Whaler and Ninbad the Nailer and Finbad the Failer and Binbad the Bailer and Pinbad the Railer and Minbad the Mai

14、ler and Hinbad the Hailer and Rinbad the Railer and Dinbad the Kailer and Vmbad the Quailer and Linbad the Yailer and Xinbad the Phthailer.（Joyce, Ulysses）译文一：跟谁? 水手辛伯达、裁缝廷伯达、狱卒金伯达、捕鲸者挥伯达、制钉工人宁伯达、失败 者芬 伯达、掏船肚水者宾伯达、桶匠频伯达、邮寄者明伯达、欢呼者欣伯达、咒骂者 林伯 达、食菜主义者丁伯达、畏惧者温伯达、赛马赌徒林伯达、水手兴伯达。 （萧乾、文洁若译 ）译文二：跟谁? 行海船的辛伯达和

15、当裁缝的当伯达和看牢子的看伯达和捕鲸鱼的捕伯达和打铁 钉的 打伯达和不中用的不伯达和舀舱水的舀伯达和做木桶的做伯达和跑邮差的跑伯 达和 唱颂歌的唱伯达和说脏话的说伯达和吃蔬菜的丁伯达和怕惹事的文伯达和酗啤 酒的叶伯达和行什么船的行伯达。 （王东风， 2001. 43-47）This paragraph is excerpted fromUlyssesand the writer applies an very special writing method. The specificity lies in the following three aspects. First, all the n

16、ames of the characters are the meaningless imitation of pronunciation except the first one“ Sinbad” who is the name of a sailor in the novelOne Thousand and One Night.s Second,th ereis n otan yp unctuationi nt hew holep aragraphe xceptfo rth ep eriodi n the end. Third, every place where a comma shou

17、ld be used is replaced by the conjunction and. It is obvious that with this kind of form, the writer wants to give the readers the feeli ng of en dless and meanin gless repetiti on in order to show his stream of con scious nessFrom the examples dem on strated above, it can be clearly see n that fore

18、ig nizing tran slati on strategy can not only en rich the expressi ons of the target Ian guage, help the target-la nguage readers to realize the lin guistic and cultural differe nces betwee n the two coun tries, but also, more importa ntly, promote the cultural com muni catio n and tran smissi on.So

19、 in this aspect, Venutis advocacy of foreignizing translation, which aims to signify the linguistic and culturals differences of the foreign text, is of great sig nifica nee. However,everyth ing has two sides. Although Venu tis theory con tributes a lot to the tran slatio n studies, there are some l

20、imitati on s. In the followi ng sect ion, the thesis points out these limitations and attempts to offer some suggested soluti ons, the thesis an alyzes these limitati ons from two aspects: target readers and text types.target readersWhen the readers of the target Ianguage intend to read the translat

21、ion of a foreign text, they must be ready to face what is new and unfamiliar to them .In read ing the target text produced with foreignizing translation,target readers may get to know differe nt ways of thinkinga nd expressionrese nted in the foreig nizi ng tran slati onAs a matter of fact, Venu tis

22、 foreig nizi ng tran slatio npays more attentionto cultural faithfulnessha n linguistic faithfulnesshus act ing as amedium for cultural com muni cati on and tran smissi on. However, foreig nizi ng tran slati on is not applicable to al source texts because cultural other ness can not always be kept w

23、ithout violati ng the idiomaticity of the target Ian guage. In other words, cultural faithfulness should not be acquired at the cost of breaking the target languagOtherwise, foreignizing translation may not be accepted by the target readers.隐身/归化的例子ST 1： Teabing stared at her for several seconds and

24、 scoffed derisively “ A desperate ploy. Robert knows how Ive sought it (Brown 2003:351)TT I:提彬瞪着她看了几秒钟，轻蔑地说：“狗急跳墙，兰登知道我非常想找到它。”(Zhu ,2004: 244)TT l is a good sample for ren deri ng the source text into equivale nt Chin ese idioms . The background information for TT l is that Langdon and Neveu went t

25、o Teabing for help , but Teabing heard from the television that the police was pursuing them for murder,which made him very angry and ordered them to leave To acquire his trust ， Neveu told him that they had the secret for the keystone ， and then TTl occurs.“Desperate ”in English means “ willing to

26、do anything and not caring about danger,because you are in a very bad situation ”(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English ，1995:367),and “ ploy” means “ a clever method of getting an advantage,especially by deceiving someone ”(ibid 1081).In comparison ， the idiom 狗急跳墙 in Chinese means “ cornered beast will do something desperate;when cornered,a dog in desperation jumping over the barrier;take a desperate action in a critical situation ” (The Contemporary Ch