全新版大学英语综合教程第四册Unit1

1、LOGOCollege English (New Edition) Integrated Course 1Watch and discussBackground informationPre-reading ActivitiesExpressions & PatternsBlanking fillingTranslationExercisesMain idea and devices for developing itText AnalysisDiscussionPost-reading activity议论文写作技巧议论文写作技巧Writing EarthquakeI. Pre-re

2、ading Activities: Look & Say Volcanic EruptionI. Pre-reading Activities: Look & SayI. Pre-reading Activities: Look & SayI. Pre-reading Activities: Look & SayNature, to be commanded, must be obeyed. Francis BaconAccuse not Nature, she hath done her part; Do thou but thine. John Milton

3、The first casualty when war comes is truth. Hiram Warren JohnsonI. Pre-reading Activities: Look & Say Conclusion: Man changes nature in order to live. However, man must also be careful not to disregard the laws of nature. When Napoleon and Hitler finally realized their arrogance, it was already

4、too late.I. Pre-reading Activities: Look & Say1. Background Information Throughout the history of mankind, there have been conquerors. Chengis Khan spent his entire life conquering neighboring peoples and expanding the Mongolian Empire. Many Roman Emperors did the same for the Rome empireso much

5、 so that at one time they ruled modern-day Great Britain. Both the Mongolian and Roman Empires had their rise and fall in the distant past. Yet if we want to examine conquerors, there is no need to go back that far. This text will focus on Napoleon and Hitler.I. Pre-reading Activities: Look & Sa

6、y2. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) Emperor of the French, who consolidated and institutionalized many reforms of the French Revolution. One of the greatest military commanders of all time, he conquered the larger part of Europe. During 1802-1815 Napoleon tried to gain control of the whole of Europe.

7、 He had great success against all his enemies except Britain, whose navy under Nelson defeated the French navy at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.I. Pre-reading Activitity: Look & Say3. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) German political and military leader and one of the 20th centurys most powerful dicta

8、tors. He converted Germany into a fully militarized society and launched World War 2 in 1939.He hoped to conquer the world, and for a time dominated most of Europe and much of North Africa. He instituted sterilization and euthanasia measures to enforce his idea of racial purity.I. Pre-reading Activi

9、ties: look and Say4. Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) General secretary of the Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Under his leadership the USSR was built into a modern economic and military power that repelled Hitlers armies in W

10、orld War 2 and rivaled the United States during the Cold War period.I. Pre-reading Activities: Look & Say5. World War 2 (1939-1945) A war whose European operations took place between the Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and the Allies (Britain, France, and later the USSR and the USA). The

11、picture on the right is a map indicating the situations in this period.I. Pre-reading Activities: Look & SayBack Part I (Para.1-2 ) Part IIPart IIIPart IV IntroductionBoth Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winterMain idea ?Main idea ?Back Part

12、 (Paras. 3-11)Part IPart IIIPart IVNapoleons military campaign against Russia. Main idea？Back Part III (Paras.12-20)Part IPart IIPart IVHitlers military campaign against the Soviet UnionConclusionThe elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Main idea？BackPart IV (Paras. 21)

13、Part IPart IIPart IIIA Comparisonand-ContrastAnalysis of theTwo Invasions:Invading countryFranceGermany Country invadedRussia Soviet Union Starter of warNapoleon Hitler Starting time of invasion Spring, 18126/22/1941Strength of invading force600,000 The largest land campaign in history PredictionQui

14、ck victory conquest of Russia in 5 weeksBlitzkrieg (“lightning war”), lasting no longer than 3 monthsInitial resistance strategyRefusing to stand and fight; retreating eastwards, burning crops and homes“scorch the earth”, fierce fight to defend major cities Capture of the Russian capital Yes No Majo

15、r battles Smolensk, Borodino, the Berezina RiverLeningrad, StalingradTruce offerBy Napoleon, rejected by the CzarNoBiggest enemy for the invading forceSnow, freezing temperatureHeavy rain, “General Mud”, snow, freezing temperatureTurning point October 1812, when Napoleon ordered a retreat1943, when

16、the Soviet troops pushed the German forces backFate of the invading force Only 100,000 survivedHeavy lossesWar-starters fateNapoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an endHitler committed suicide, his empire collapsingExpressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用Back下一页下一页上一页上一页 The rise in intere

17、st rate will be disastrous in the case of small firms. Formal training will take at least 3 years in the case of interior decoration.1.In the case of : as far asis concernedExpressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用Back下一页下一页上一页上一页 Many teachers complain that they cant make any improvement in teaching metho

18、ds as the existing exam system is in the way. Fierce competition keeps getting in the way of kids development.2. Standgetbe in the way: prevent from doing sth.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用Back下一页下一页上一页上一页 Many teachers complain that they cant make any improvement in teaching methods as the exis

19、ting exam system is in the way. Fierce competition keeps getting in the way of kids development.3. Raw: cold and wet;not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed4. Launch: start; send on its course Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other plan.Expressions &

20、Patterns活学活用活学活用5. Campaign: a series of military operations or planned activities with a particular aim Hitlers advisers tried to persuade him to avoid the risks of a winter campaign in the Soviet Union and wait until spring.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用6. Efficient: able to work well or produ

21、cing a satisfactory result without wasting time or resources Remote terminals in the home, connected to data bands, make the home the most efficient place to work in many case. Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用7. Conquest: conquering, defeat The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Ger

22、many. Hitler assumed the conquest of USSR would be simple. Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用8. Decisive: producing a definite result or conclusion; having or showing the ability to decide quickly. Most of the decisive land campaigns of World War One occurred on the continent of Europe. Lincoln took

23、 decisive measure to end slavery. Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用9. Retreat: move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty After a fierce battle, the troops retreated southward. We adopted the following strategies: when the enemy advances, we retreat; when they retreat, we pursue. Ex

24、pressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用10. Beget bogged down: be unable to make progress Most of the tanks were bogged down because of mechanical defects and inexperienced crews. The local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the emission of hazardous chemicals by industrial facilities.

25、Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用11. Engage: begin fighting with sb.; take part in or do; occupy or attract sbs interest, etc The commander ordered the soldiers to engage the enemy immediately. I have no time to engage in gossip. Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用12. be faced with: have to deal wit

26、h I am faced with the awful job of breaking the news to the boys family The assistants were faced with the huge task of listing all the books.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用13. Crucial: very important (followed by to) Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game. Improved

27、consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用14. Take a gamble: take a risk The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off. I think shes taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用15.

28、 Press onahead: continue doing sth. in a determined way Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform. Organizers of the strike are determined to press on.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用16. Occupation: the seizure and control of a country or areas;ones trade, profession, or

29、business During the Japanese occupation of China, millions of innocent Chinese people were killed by Japanese soldiers. Many schools have struggled to meet the educational requirements of new technology-based occupations.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用17. Bide ones time: wait patiently for a chan

30、ce His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies. He bided his time until Harvard University offered him a professorship.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用18. Minus: below zero; made less by; slightly lower than the mark stated Tomorrows temperature will be as low as minus

31、 ten degrees centigrade. I got B minus in the final examination which made me very upset.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用19. Drag on: move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediously These compensation cases have already dragged on for one year. How much longer is the meeting going to

32、 drag on?Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用20. Stroke: any of a series of repeated movements; single successful or effective action or occurrence; blow I saw a chance of solving all my problems at a stroke. He drove in a nail with one stroke of the hammer. Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用21. At th

33、e cost of: with the loss of . Berman saved Johnson at the cost of his own life. The local government developed its economy but at the cost of environment.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用22. Limp: walk with difficulty, especially when one foot or leg is hurt That dog must be hurtits limping. I inju

34、red my ankle and had to limp. During the race he fell down but he kept to limp on.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用23. Weaken: (cause to) become weak or weaker The Asian financial crisis severely weakened some countries. Pneumonia often proves fatal to people with a weakened immune system.Expressio

35、ns & Patterns活学活用活学活用24. Alliance: a union or an association formed for mutual benefit, esp. between countries or organizations NATO is considered as the most powerful military alliance in modern history. Japan and Germany made their formal alliance in 1940.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用27.

36、Catch sb. off guard: take sb. by surprise The invitation to his wedding caught me off guard. The manager didnt know what to say, it was clear that my question had caught him off guard.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用29. Render: cause (sb.sth) to be in a specified condition Hundreds of people were

37、rendered homeless by the earthquake. The drug will render the tiger harmless for up to two hours. He was rendered unconscious by a blow on the back of the neck.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用31. Die fromof : have as the cause of death Many animals died of starvation in the snow. All the plants we

38、re dying from lack of rain.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用33. Bring to a halt: stop completely Air traffic in Poland had been brought to a halt by an air traffic controllers strike. Our journey was brought to a halt by a storm.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用35. Turn the tide(against): change w

39、hat looks like defeat into victory (over) The appearance of Joan of Arc turned the tide of war. Soviet victory in Stalingrad turned the tide of the war in Europe.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用36. Thanks to: because of Thanks to her financial support, the two children in the remote village could

40、go to school. Thanks to their tireless efforts, the performance was a great success.Expressions & Patterns活学活用活学活用39. Reckon: count; consider; think The existence of the U.S. is reckoned from the Declaration of Independence. Many people reckon him to be a great basketball player.Expressions &

41、; Patterns活学活用活学活用 Points for discussion1.In what way was Hitlers offensive against the Soviet Union similar to Napoleons campaign against Russia? In what way were they different?2.Do you think the harsh Russian winter is the only factor that led to Napoleons and Hitlers defeat? Why or why not?3.How

42、 do you define “war” and do you think war can be avoided in todays world? Why or why not?Post-reading activityInvading countryFranceGermanyCountry invadedRussiaSoviet UnionStarter of warNapoleonHitlerStarting timeSpring, 1812June 22, 1941PredictionQuick victoryLightning warCapture of the capitalyesN

43、oTruce offerBy Napoleon, being rejected by CzarNoBiggest enemy for the invading forceSnow, freezing temperatureHeavy rain, snow, freezing coldnessPost-reading activity The harsh Russian winter was an important factor that led to Napoleons and Hitlers defeat, but it was not the only one. The Russians

44、 had strong will-power and they united together to fight the enemies. Many soldiers died for their motherland, they are brave soldiers of the great nation; they are brave sons of their mothers; they are brave fathers of their kids. The blood of the martyrs makes the flag red.Post-reading activity Pa

45、rt 1 alliancelimpdeclarationheroicminusregionsiegestroke1.The Labor Partys electoral strategy, which was based on a tactical_with other smaller parties, has proved successful.2. The New York fire fighters_deeds in rescuing the September 11 victims were celebrated across the country.3. By a _of good

46、luck, Carol, who had been buried in the rubble for more than 20 hours, came out alive.4. My brother was not badly hurt, but he injured his leg and had to _around for a few weeks.Exercises5. The aircraft was subjected to a test of temperatures of _65 degrees Celsius and plus 120 degrees.6. Tax incent

47、ives will be used to attract companies to the western _of our country away from the east coast.7. The opening speeches sounded more like_of war than offerings of peace.8. After a three-day _ by the police, the terrorists who had seized the restaurant had to give in.Key: 1.alliance2.heroic3.stroke4.l

48、imp 5.minus6.regions7.declarations8.siegeExercisesPart 3: Translation Translate the following passage into English, using the words and phrases given below:Casualty decisive offensive be faced withEngage launch take a gamble press onStroke get bogged down thanks to minusInstruct at the cost of turn

49、the tide catch off guardExercises 原文： 攻势已经持续了三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。我们在前线与敌人交战的部队遇到了强力的抵抗。师长命令我们营绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地。我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。我们营长决定冒一下险。我们在夜幕掩盖下出发，不顾困难，奋勇向前。幸运的是，夜间温度突然下降到摄氏零下20度，烂泥地都结上了冰。由于这寒冷的天气，我们于天亮前到达并从敌人后方发起进攻。这一下扭转了战局。敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。ExercisesKey to Translation The offensive ha

50、d already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with still resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marsh

51、land and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius andExerc

52、ises（原因分析类）（原因分析类）写作模式写作模式参考范文参考范文What Causes Something New1. 1. 近几年在社会上出现了近几年在社会上出现了2. 2. 导致该现象的原因导致该现象的原因3. 3. 分析该现象的社会影响分析该现象的社会影响写作模式写作模式（原因分析类）（原因分析类）Para.1: 1) Believe it or not/Like it or not, these years have witnessed a boom in/a popularity (resurgence/worsening/crisis/ decline/growth/reviv

53、al/spread ) ofin our society/on the Chinese campus. 2) According to, people, especially college students, are showing more and more interest in 3) To get a better sense of it, it is necessary for us to find out its causes. (划线部分可被替换划线部分可被替换)Back下一页下一页Para. 2: 4) A closer analysis/study/ observation

54、of the phenomenon can find that three main factors are well worth our concern/should call for more of our concern. 5) In the first place, it is the product of, for which(原因原因I) 6) In the second, it is seen, among, as an ideal way of, since (原因原因II) 7) And above all, it is an inevitable result of(原因原

55、因III) 8) While, in fact,(划线部分可被替换划线部分可被替换)Back下一页下一页上一页上一页Para. 3: 9) The effects of this change on our social/college life are positive/ negative/a mixed one. 10) On the one hand,.(分析分析I) 11) On the other,.(分析分析II) 12) With more and moreadded / attached to the trend, I am fully convinced / I am dee

56、ply worried, it will certainly / is bound toin the time to come.(划线部分可被替换划线部分可被替换)Back下一页下一页上一页上一页Back下一页下一页上一页上一页What Causes a Boom in Celebrating Foreign Festivals1. 1. 近几年大学校园出现了近几年大学校园出现了 一股过洋节热。一股过洋节热。2. 2. 阐明导致该现象的原因。阐明导致该现象的原因。3. 3. 分析该现象的社会影响。分析该现象的社会影响。Para. 1: 1) Believe it or not, these y

57、ears have witnessed a boom in celebrating foreign festivals on the Chinese campus. 2) According to an official report/survey, young people, especially college students, are showing more and more interest in such festivals as Valentines Day, April Fools Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. 3) To get a better sense of the boom, it is necessary for us to fin