有机化学课件：第一章 绪论

1、1234567C2H6OCH3CH2OHCH3OCH3乙醇乙醇二甲醚二甲醚8CH3CH2CH2CH3OCHHHH9 Na (气气)Na(气气 ) + eCl(气气) + eCl(气气)Na (气气 )+Cl(气气 )Na Cl(气气 )10C4 H+CHHHHCHHHHCHHCHHCCHHHHCHC HHCCH11HH+HH=122p2s1s1314150.1540.1090.1470.143CClCBrCCCC0.1770.1910.1340.120CCCHCNCO16CCCHCNCOCF347414305360485CClCBrCCCCCI33928521861183717CHHHH109

2、.5O104CO121118HHHHC lC l18HClHCl19CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl20CC+ BrBrCCBr Br21R LR + L2223HY (Y: N,O,F等等原原子子) )24H3COHOCH3H25H2O +NH3OH+HNH326CH3COOHCH3COO + H+H2SO4HSO4+ H+27ClH+OHHOHHH+ClFBFF+OCH2CH3CH2CH3FBFFOCH2CH3CH2CH3 HClCH3COOHOHCH3CH2OHLi+ Mg2+ R+ Ag+AlCl3 BF3 TiCl4 SnCl2 FeCl3 ZnCl228H2O NH3 CH3NH2 C

3、H3OH CH3OCH3XOHCNNH2RROH+ Li+ Na+ K+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Al3+BF3 AlCl3 SO3 CO2HX29RX ROTSCu+ Ag+ Hg2+ RS+Br+ I+ Br2 I2FClAcOSO42-NO3NH3 RNH2H2O HOROH ROR RO30RSHSISCNC2H4 C6H6 R HRSH RSRR3PCN31H+OHH2OH+CNHCN32有机酸特征有机酸特征含有活性氢官能团，官能团中含有电负性大的含有活性氢官能团，官能团中含有电负性大的O、N原子与氢相连。原子与氢相连。如：如：CH3COOH、ArOH、ROH有机碱特征有机碱特征含有孤电

4、子对饱和含有孤电子对饱和O、N原子官能团。原子官能团。如：如：+CH3CH2OCH2CH3+HICH3CH2OCH2CH3 IHCH3CH2OHH2SO4CH3CH2OH2 HSO4CH3CH2NH2CH3COOHCH3COO NH3CH2CH3.33 ROH、RNH2、RC NH2O3435CH3CH3CH3CH2CHCH2CH3CCHCH3CH2OHOHOHClSONOCHO3637H2CCH2HCCHCH3XC2H5OH,C6H5OHC2H5OC2H5CH3CHOCH3CCH3OCH3COHOCH3CNCH3NH2CH3NO2C2H5SHC6H5SO3HCCCCXOHCOCCHOCOCOHOCNNH2NO2SHSO3H38有机合成化学天然有机化学生物有机化学金属与元素有机化学物理有机化学有机分析化学药物化学香料化学农药化