非谓语动词III

1、非谓语动词III-动名词窗体顶端1. 形式动名词主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done2. 动名词的动词特征和名词特征1). 它具有动词特征它可有时态和语态的变化，也可以带宾语和状语。2). 在有些句子结构中它具有名词特征它可以带冠词，可以被形容词、代词及名词所有格修饰。3. 动名词的句法功能1). 作主语e.g. Improving your study habits will improve your grades.Listening to music gives me pleasure.(主语Listening )

2、注意：主语可置于句尾：a. 用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun 等的句型1. It is no use learning theory without practice.2. It is no fun being lost in rain.b.用 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型1.There is no joking about such matters.2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处)2). 作主语补语e.g. As a teacher what I hate most is

3、 cheating.My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping)3). 作宾语作动词/动词短语/介词的宾语(置于动词或动词短语或介词的后面)例如1. I cannot help laughing. （我禁不住笑了起来）（宾语laughing）2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister.(宾语quarrelling)3. You should practice speaking English more.(宾语speaking)4. I'm sorry for giv

4、ing you so much trouble. (介词for，宾语giving)5. The book is worth reading. (介词worth, 宾语reading)6. I reached him by calling his office. (介词by, 宾语calling)7. The police arrested(逮捕)him for speeding. (介词for, 宾语speeding)8. I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author. (pleasure of + 宾语speaking)9. He

5、takes a great interest in studying languages. (interest in + 宾语studying)注意：a) 上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类动词还有：dislike 厌恶 admit 接受repent 后悔acknowledge 承认 escape避免deny 否认postpone/delay延迟resent 怨恨mind 介意 miss 错过risk 冒风险finish 完成avoid 避免delay 耽误 consider 认为fancy 想象 excuse 原谅include 包括

6、imagine 想象resist 抵制suggest 建议 advise, allow, anticipate, avoid, dread, encourage, excuse, keep, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, risk,还有短语类：keep (on)继续 don't mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放弃put off 延迟leave off 停止burst out 闯出b).在demand, deserve, need, require, want等动词后面，作宾语的动名词表示被动的意思。e.g.

7、My shirt requires ironing.c)在下列的句子结构中，介词 in 被省略掉：1. She is busy (in) correcting her exercises.2. He spent two hours (in) reading book.3. There is no use (in) talking with him now.4. Is it any good (in) taking cold water baths?d). 用在固定结构中动名词常与be worth, have difficulty/trouble (in), it be no good/ no

8、use/ worthwhile, there be no need / no point in , how / what about, whats the point of, whats the use of / be busy doing sth., spend some time/money doing sth, have a hard time (in) doing sth.,等词组连用。4). 作定语（Attribute）动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语，表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。1. sleeping car 卧车2. walking stick 手杖3. printing s

9、hop 印务馆4. reading room 阅读室5. swimming pool泳池6. washing machine洗衣机4. 动名词的时态和语态1) 被动式(being + v-ed)当动名词的逻辑主语所表示的是动作的对象时，动名词要用被动语态。例如1. He dislikes being interrupted(被打岔) in his speech.2. They couldnt stand being treated(被对待) like that.2）完成式 (having + v-ed)动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。例如1. We regret having be

10、en unable to inform you of the meeting.2. The students having done(完成) the work so well made us very happy.3）完成式的被动语态 (having been + v-ed)例如1.I heard of his having been chosen(被选为) to be the coach of the team.2.Some of our customers complained of having been treated(被对待) rudely.4）在动词 need, want, req

11、uire, deserve 之后的动名词（作为宾语），要用主动语态来表示被动的意思。例如1. The flowers in the garden want watering(需要浇水).5 动名词的逻辑主语(Implied Subject)在句子中，除了原有的主语之外，属于动名词的"主语"，也就称为"逻辑主语"，一般位于动名词的前面。1). 作主语的动名词有自己的逻辑主语时, 在动名词前加"物主代词（如：my, his.）"或"名词所有格(如：Mary's, Dog's.)"例如1. His com

12、ing here helped us a lot. (主语/逻辑主语his, 动名词coming)2. Tom's escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.(主语/逻辑主语Tom,动名词escaping)2). 作宾语(Object)的动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，在动名词前加"物主代词"或"名词所有格"例如1. Do you mind my smoking in the romm? (逻辑主语my, 动名词smoking)2. He insisted on Mary's st

13、aying there.(逻辑主语Mary, 动名词staying)3). 注意：在下列情况中，不能使用所有格：a) 作为逻辑主语的名词/代词为无生命时例如I cannot say there is no fear of the news spreading among intimate friends. （逻辑主语news）b) 代词为 all, both, each, few, several, some, this 等作为逻辑主语时:例如1. I remember all of them saying it .c) 数词、名词化形容词（如 the three, the old.）作逻辑主

14、语时：例如1. In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believe it.d). 结构中的逻辑主语受从句或短语修饰时：例如Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking a little louder?4). 当动名词的逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的对象时，要使用被动式。例如I cant go without being invited. Exercises:1. The match was cancelled because

15、 most of the members _ a match without a standard court.A、objected to havingB、were objected to haveC、objected to haveD、were objected to having2. The traditional approach _with complex problem is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.A、to dealingB、in dealingC、dealingD、to

16、deal3. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _ for her examination.A、to prepareB、to be preparedC、preparingD、being prepared4. _ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A、The girl was educatedB、The girl educatedC、The girls being

17、 educatedD、The girl to be educated5. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used _ late for his lecture.A、to have studentsB、for students beingC、for students to beD、to students being6. I appreciate _ to your home.A、to be invitedB、to have invitedC、having invitedD、being invited7.&

18、#160;Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A、having been finedB、to have been finedC、to be finedD、being fined8. I would appreciate _it a secret.A、your keepingB、you to keepC、that you will keepD、that you keep9. The thief took away the womans wallet without_.A、

19、being seenB、seeingC、him seeingD、seeing him10. Ive enjoyed _ to talk with you.A、to be ableB、being ableC、to been ableD、of being able11. No one can avoid _ by advertisements.A、to be influencedB、being influencedC、influencingD、having influenced12. The man in the corner confessed to _a lie

20、to the manager of the company.A、have toldB、be toldC、being toldD、having told13. That young guy still denies _the fire behind the store.A、to startB、having startedC、startD、to have started14. Your hair wants _. You had better have it done now.A、cutB、to cutC、cuttingD、being cut15. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used _late for his lecture.A、to have studentsB、for students' beingC、for students to beD、to students' being16. I have no objection_ your story again.A、to he