中考重难点语法精讲6--动词

1、中考重难点语法精讲中考重难点语法精讲(六六) 动词动词 动词在中考中占有重要地位。根据意动词在中考中占有重要地位。根据意义和句法作用义和句法作用, 动词可分为实义动词，连动词可分为实义动词，连系动词系动词, 助动词助动词, 情态动词情态动词; 根据动词的根据动词的形式形式, 又可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。又可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。中考需掌握八种时态中考需掌握八种时态 (一般现在时一般现在时, 一般一般过去时过去时, 一般将来时一般将来时, 过去进行时过去进行时, 过去将过去将来时来时, 现在进行时现在进行时, 现在完成时和过去完现在完成时和过去完成时成时)。另外考生还需掌握被动语态的构。另

2、外考生还需掌握被动语态的构成及用法。成及用法。中考重难点语法精练中考重难点语法精练(六六) 动词动词【中考链接中考链接】1. - Food safety is a serious problem in China. If we dont pay attention to it, the situation will be _worse. - Fortunately, our government is working hard to _ it. ( 2013深圳深圳) A. very; accept B. even; accept C. even; improve D. very; impro

3、ve2. - Bob! Would you please ask all your classmates _ before Miss Li _ back? - OK. Ill tell them right away. ( 2013深圳深圳 ) A. not to leave, will come B. not to leave, comes C. dont leave; comes D. dont leave; will come3. - Milie, where is Miss Li? - She _ a speech on Chinese art to the first-year st

4、udents in the hall. (2013 南京南京) A. givesB. gave C. is givingD. has given4. - Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Ann? - It _ be her. She is giving a performance at the theater now. A. mayB. must C. cantD. mustnt5. I _ Mr Smith since he moved to Shanghai. (2012北京北京) A. didnt hear from B. dont hear

5、 from C. wont hear fromD. havent heard from一、考查动词的类型一、考查动词的类型【例例1】Oh, it _ so nice. What beautiful music it is! (2013重庆重庆)A. smellsB. sounds C. tastesD. looks【解析解析】此题考察系动词此题考察系动词 (如如be, feel, look, sound, taste, smell, get, turn等等) +形容词的用法。形容词的用法。题干的意思是题干的意思是 “它听起来如此美妙。多它听起来如此美妙。多么悦耳的音乐么悦耳的音乐!”, 根据意

6、思根据意思, 即可得出答即可得出答案为案为sounds。二、考查动词的时态二、考查动词的时态【例例2】- You look very nice in your new dress today.- Oh, really? I _ it when it was on sale. (2013广州广州)A. buyB. boughtC. have bought D. will buy【解析解析】根据根据when it was on sale可知主句的动作可知主句的动作也发生在过去也发生在过去, 故正确选项为故正确选项为B。【例例3】- Its said a pianist will perform a

7、t Poly Theater on Friday evening. Is it Lang Lang?- Yes, it _him. He _ for a week. (2012深圳深圳)A. must be; has arrived hereB. maybe; has been hereC. must be; has been hereD. maybe; has arrived here【解析解析】第一空考查第一空考查must作肯定猜测的用法作肯定猜测的用法; 第第二空根据题意要采用现在完成时二空根据题意要采用现在完成时, 因而要因而要使用延续性动词。使用延续性动词。三、考查动词的语态三、考查

8、动词的语态【例例4】 - What will you do _ the summer holiday?- I think I shall watch London Olympic Games. It will _ in August. (2012深圳深圳)A. during; be held B. at; holdC. during; hold D. at; be held【解析解析】 第二空中主语第二空中主语it所指所指London Olympic Games, 与谓语与谓语hold是被动关系，又因有是被动关系，又因有will, 所以要用将来时的被动语态。所以要用将来时的被动语态。【拓展拓展

9、】1. 连系动词连系动词 (如如look, sound, taste, smell, feel, get, become等等) 和不及物动词和不及物动词 (如如happen, die, appear, take place等等) 无被无被动语态。动语态。2. 在主动语态中在主动语态中, 表示感官动词表示感官动词 (如如see, watch, notice, hear等等) 以及使役动词以及使役动词 (如如make, let, have等等) 后面接省略后面接省略to的不定的不定式做宾语补足语式做宾语补足语, 但是在被动语态中要把但是在被动语态中要把to还原。如还原。如: The naughty

10、 boy made my brother cry. (主动主动) My brother was made to cry by the naughty boy. (被动被动)3. 后置定语。如果动词与其修饰的名词后置定语。如果动词与其修饰的名词之间是被动关系之间是被动关系, 那么动词要用过去分那么动词要用过去分词的形式作定语词的形式作定语, 放在该名词后面。如放在该名词后面。如: Is there anybody injured in the accident? I know a man called Peter.【检测反馈检测反馈】从从A. B. C. D四个选项中选出最佳答案。四个选项中选出

11、最佳答案。1. Lang Lang _ as the most successful pianist in China. A. are thought B. calls C. is considered D. is called2. Mom is pleased becase the dish _ good. A. is tastedB. tastes C. tasteD. is tasting3. After the earthquake, there were thousands of houses _. People had _ in temporary tents. A. destro

12、yed; to live B. destroy; live C. destroying; lived D. to destroy; to live4. The tourist was seen _ rubbish in the place of interest, so he should _. A. to throwing, warnB. threw; be warned C. throw; warnedD. to throw; be warned5. Mo Yans books _ well after he _ the Nobel Prize. A. are sold, wins B.

13、sell, won C. are selling; wins D. have sold; won【考场练兵】. 选择填空。1. Excuse me, is this the way to No. 5 Middle School? Oh, sorry. Im not sure. It _ be. A. must B. should C. may2. Its getting late. I really _ go home now. A. must B. can C. might3. More and more students wear glasses in our school. Yeah.

14、I think students _ keep on doing eye exercises to protect their eyes. A. should B. may C. could4. Life gets easier with the Internet. Thats true. Almost everything _ be done online. A. had better B. can C. need5. Must I be home before eight oclock, Mum? No, you _. But youll have to come back home be

15、fore ten oclock. A. mustnt B. may not C. dont have to6. Hello, Han Mei! Im a reporter from Shenzhen Daily. _ I ask you some questions? Sure, go ahead. A. Should B. May C. Must7. Youd better _ early every day. Its good for your health. Thanks. Ill do as you say. A. get up B. to get up C. getting up8.

16、 You _ park here, sir. Look at the sign! It says “No parking”. Sorry, I didnt notice it just now. A. may not B. neednt C. mustnt 9. How do you usually go to school? My school is far away, so I _ take the bus to school. A. can B. might C. have to10. Have you seen Jack? His mother is looking for him a

17、ll the afternoon. No, I havent. She _ be very worried now. A. must B. need C. should【考场练兵】. 选择填空。1. Lucy _ swimming with her sister twice a month. A. has gone B. is going C. goes2. We will go for a picnic if the weather _ fine tomorrow. A. was B. is C. will be3. I went to visit the Browns yesterday,

18、 but they were not at home. Well, they _ to London. A. will go B. have been C. have gone4. Listen! Someone _ in the next room. A. is singing B. sings C. has sung5. Our teacher told us the Sun _ much bigger than the Earth. A. is B. was C. would be6. When I got home, my mother _ the house by herself.

19、A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned7. My father _ to Canada on business next month. A. goes B. has gone C. will go8. When _ your aunt come to China? Well, she _ in China for five year. A. did; has lived B. does; is living C. has; was living9. Tom _ TV at home at eight oclock yesterday. A.

20、has watched B. will watch C. was watching10. Are you sure that your father _ back in three days? A. has come B. will come C. was coming【考场练兵】. 选择填空。1. What does your sister usually do on Saturday mornings? She often practises _ the piano for an hour. A. to play B. played C. playing2. Its too difficu

21、lt for me _ the work in such a short time. Anything is possible if you put your heart into it. A. finish B. to finish C. finishing3. Suddenly, the house began to shake. Then he stopped _ music and rushed out quickly. A. listened to B. to listen to C. listening to4. Liu Qiang used _ on the right in C

22、hina, but now he has got used _ on the left in England. A. to drive; to driving B. driving; driving C. to drive; to drive5. Is Simon in the library? No, he isnt. I saw him _ out with some books just now. A. gone B. go C. to go6. Wendy, how to make a short video with a mobile phone? You can use an ap

23、p called Meipai. Let me show you _. A. which to use it B. how to use it C. where to use it7. Would you like to go shopping with me this weekend? Id love to, but Ill have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. to do8. In the past, he always made his little sister_. A. cry B. crying C. to cry. 用括号中所给词

24、的适当形式填空。1. Look! The students _(play) in the playground.2. Have you watched the new movie Zootopia, Jack? Not yet. I _(watch) it with my cousin this evening.3. Look at the sign! It says “No photos”. Oh, sorry. I _(not see) it.4. We will go climbing next month as soon as the holiday _(begin).5. I mis

25、sed Lindas call because at that time I _(take) a shower.are playingwill watchdidnt see beginswas taking 6. My uncle is a doctor. He _(work) in a local hospital.7. Could you please tell me when the professor _(come) to our school?8. The little girl _(read) fifteen books up to now.9. Have you finished

26、 the report? Not yet. I _(finish) it in three days.10. Alice _(buy) a beautiful scarf for her mother yesterday.workswill comehas readwill finishbought. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Kitty enjoys _(draw) pictures in her free time.2. The doctor encouraged his patients _(eat) healthy food.3. It was careless of hi

27、m _(pour) the soup all over the kitchen floor.4. When I met the little girl, I couldnt help _(hug) her.5. What do you use this towel for? I use it _(cover) the computer.drawing to eat to pour hugging to cover 6. If you happen to talk to him, have him _(ring) me up.7. Do you think it easy _(learn) En

28、glish? I find it hard, but its useful.8. We havent decided when _(take) a holiday yet.ring to learn to take . 根据汉语意思，补充完整下列句子，每空词数不限。1. 当电话响的时候，我正在看我是歌手。 I _ I Am a Singer when the phone rang.2. 电影已经开演一小时了。 The film _ for an hour already.3. 请安静！孩子们正在卧室睡觉。 Please be quiet. The children _ in the bedro

29、om.was watchinghas been onare sleeping 4. 我爸爸决定当他老了要在海南生活。 My father decides that he _in Hainan when he is old.5. 我妹妹告诉我当她长大后她想成为一名教 师。 My sister told me that she _ to become a teacher when she grew up. will livewanted 中考语法复习 情态动词 【考点小结】 can/could的用法 1. can表示能力，意为“能，会”，其否定形式cant意为“不能，不会”。can的过去式是cou

30、ld，否定形式是couldnt。 2. can/could还可以表示请求或许可，could比can的语气更加委婉、客气，常用句型有Can/Could I/you .?。 must的用法 1. must意为“必须”，其否定形式mustnt意为“禁止”。注意must和have to在用法上的区别：must表示说话人的主观看法，而have to表示客观的需要，意为“不得不”。 2. 回答must开头的一般疑问句时，如果是否定回答，用neednt或dont have to，意为“不必”。 3. must还可以表示推测、可能性，意为“一定，肯定”，用于肯定句。表示推测“不可能”时，要用cant。 may

31、/might的用法 1. may/might表示请求或许可，意为“可以”，might比may的语气更委婉，常用句型有May/Might I .?。否定回答时用cant或mustnt，意为“不可以，禁止”。 2. may/might还可以表示推测、可能性，意为“也许，可能”。might所表示的可能性比may小。 其他情态动词的用法 1. had better意为“最好”，常用来提建议，它没有人称和数的变化。否定形式had better not意为“最好不要”。 2. should意为“应该”，常用来表示建议、责任或义务，它没有人称和数的变化，相当于ought to。否定形式为should not

32、 (=shouldnt)，意为“不应该”。 3. need意为“需要”，作情态动词时，常用于疑问句、否定句。否定形式为neednt。中考语法复习 动词时态 【考点小结】 初中阶段常见的时态主要有一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时和一般将来时。 一般现在时 1. 一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理，其谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数形式。 2. 一般现在时常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, twice a year, every month, on weekdays等连用。 现在进行时 1

33、. 现在进行时通常表示说话时或这段时间正在进行的动作，其谓语用am / is / are +V-ing。 2. 现在进行时常与now, at present, at the moment等连用。当句中有look, listen等提示语时，其后常用现在进行时。 3. go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常用现在进行时表将来，表示计划或安排要进行的动作。 现在完成时 1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响，也可表示某动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去，其谓语用have / has +动词的过去分词。 2. 现在完成时常与yet,

34、 already, just, ever, never, recently, so far, since +过去某一时刻, for + 一段时间, in the past few years等连用。 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，其谓语动词用过去式。 2. 一般过去时常与yesterday, last week, in 1945, a few days ago, the day before yesterday等连用。 过去进行时 1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或过去某段时间内持续进行的动作，其谓语动词用was / were + V-ing

35、。 2. 过去进行时常与at that time, at this time yesterday, at seven last night, from to last night等连用。 一般将来时 1. 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，其谓语动词用will / be going to +动词原形。“will +动词原形”主要表示说话人知道或认为将会发生某事，或表示说话人说话时做的决定。“be going to +动词原形”表示计划要做的事情，或表示说话人根据现在已有的迹象判断将要或即将发生某种情况。 2. there be结构的一般将来时要用therewill be或there is / are going to be。 3. 一般将来时常与tomorrow, tomorrowmorning, next week, in two days, in 2050等连用。中考语法复习 非谓语动词 【考点小结】 非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 动词不定式 1. 作主语 动词不定式作主语时，一般用代词it来充当形式主语，而将真正的主语（动词不定式）放在后面，常用结构为It is + adj.（+for/of sb.）+ to do sth.。 2. 作宾语 agree, fail, want, decide