重要的短语、句型和惯用法

1、重要的短语、句型和惯用法 1.There be 结构 a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。 There are twenty girls in our class. * have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主 语为某人。I have a nice watch. b. There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。 c. There is a river near our school. 特： How many rivers are there near our school? Whats near our

2、 school? d. there be 结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为： There is going to be e.反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there? There is going to _ a football match this afternoon. A. have B. watch C. be D. play They were sure that they were going to _ a rest. A. be B. have C. be on D. on 2.so, neither引导的倒装

3、句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so, neither引导的倒装句。 a. So + be/助动词/情态动词+主语。表示某人也是如此。 - Mike has bought some foreign stamps. - So has Bob.=Bob has bought some, too. b. Neither + be/助动词/情态动词主语，表示某人也不。 - Mother has never been to Japan. - Neither has Father.= Father has never been to Japan, either. c. S o主语be/助动词

4、/情态动词。表示果真如此(赞同), 请同学们与a.区别。 - Mike is right in the classroom. - So he is.= Yes, he is really in the class room. 3.Its+时间+since 动词过去式。自从.起已有.时间了。 Its two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了) How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了 4. (1) 祈使句 + and (那么). Go straight on and youll see

5、a school. =If you go straight on, youll see a school. (2) 祈使句 + or.否则. Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students. =If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the other 13.find it +形容词+to do I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的) find +宾语 +名词 I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男

6、孩.) find +宾语 +形容词 I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着) I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物) find +宾语 +doing I found an old man lying outside just now. find +宾语 + done I opened my schoolbag and found the keys left in the classroom. 14.I dont think+肯定句 我想.不 I dont think Ill

7、take it. (我想我不买它了) 请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。 15.(1) prefer A to B = like A better than B 喜欢A胜过B. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken (2) prefer doing A to doing B I prefer reading to watching TV. (3) prefer to do A rather than do B He prefers to play soccer rather than sta

8、y in front of his PC.16.had better do sth. 最好干某事. 否定:had better not do sth. Youd better catch a train. Youd better not talk in class. Youd better not be late for the class. 特别注意: had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be. 17.(1) It is adj. of+ 宾格+to do sth. It is very good of you to teach me English. (这里good描述you

9、) (2) It is adj. for sb. to do sth. Its difficult for him to work out this math problem. (这里difficult描述to work out this math problem)18.(1)It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化费某人多少时间) =sb. spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth. It took me half an hour to do the work. =I spent half an hour in doin

10、g the work. . (2)sb. pay 钱 for 物 某物化费了某人多少钱 (3)sb. spend 钱 on 物 (4)sth. cost sb.钱 I paid thirty yuan for the coat. ( * pay的过去式为paid 而不是payed.) =I spent thirty yuan on the coat. =The coat cost me thirty yuan. 19. have been to 某人曾去过某地(现在人不在那儿) have been in +地点 某人呆在某地(一段时间) have gone to 某人已去某地(人不在说话现场)

11、 20.Whats the population of .? .人口有多少？ 不说How much population in.? 指人口数量的大小用large / small The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA。21. too形容词(副词)+to太而不能 太以致于不 The basket is too heavy for me to carry. 这篮子太重我拿不动。 This color TV is too expensive for us to buy. 这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。 so

12、.that 如此.以致于.上面的too.to结构的句子，可以换成so.that 引 导的句子转换。 The basket is so heavy that I cant carry it. This color TV is so expensive that we cant afford it. 22.not.until 直到才 (开始） He says that he wont be free until tomorrow. 他说他需到明天方才有空。 肯定句until 到（终止） Youd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天) 23.neither.no

13、r. 既不.也不. either.or. 或者.或者. (谓语动词就近原则) Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word hundred. Either you or she is right. both.and. 两者都. Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主语看作复数)Have 的两种特殊句型have是英语中最活跃的动词之一，它与不同的词搭配表示不同的意思。如：have a meeting（开会），have a rest（休息），have a class（上课）等。你可知道have构成的两种

14、特殊句型吗？不看不知道，一看就明了。1havesb.do sth. 该句型中作主语的“人或物”让作宾语的“人或物”去做某事。 此时的宾语与省略to的不定式（宾语补足语）之间有逻辑上的主谓关系如： I would have you buy a new bike 我想让你买辆新自行车。 We cant have the car stop 我们无法让汽车停下来。2havesb./ sth.done 该句型中作主语的“人或物”让作宾语的“人或物”被。 此时的宾语与过去分词（宾语补足语）之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如： Ill have my hair cut tomorrow我明天要理发。 They ha

15、ve just had their car repaired他们刚找人把车修理了一下。 注意：大多数情况下，这两种句型之间可以互换。如： 1）He had me wash the table clothHe had the table cloth washed 2) The man had the bike mended The man had someone mend the bike。练习：根据汉语意思，完成英语句子，每空一词。 1你应该找人建一座房子。 You should have someonea house You should have a house 2现在我们请下一位演讲者到

16、前面来。 Now well have the next speakerto the front 3你必须让人把这些书送到教室去。 You must have these books to the classroom 1.-Where is Mary? -Oh, she _ the library. A. has gone to B. went to C. has been to D. had gone to 2.He knew little about the film _ he saw it yesterday evening. A. if B. since C. until D. beca

17、use 3.I_ change his mind. Dont worry, Hell surely come to get it. A. think he wont B. think he will C. dont think he wont D. dont think he will 4.- _do you_ the TV play? - Not bad, I think. A. How; think of B. What; like C. How; like D. What; think 5. I _ have a good time _ the party. A. hope you wi

18、ll; at B. like you; on C. hope you to ;in D. want you that; from 练习题： 完成句子： 1.中国有多少人口？中国的人口大约是世界人口的四分之一。 _ the population of China? Its about _ _ of the worlds population. 2.门铃一直响着，直到门被林涛打开才停。 The doorbell _ _until the door was opened by Lin Tao. 3.午饭后他休息了一会儿，我也休息了一会儿。 He had a short rest after lunch, and _ _ I. 4.史密斯夫妇离开他们的家乡已有十多年时间了。 _ more than ten years _ Mr and Mrs Smith left their home town. 5.公共汽车里挤得几乎连站的地方都没有. The bus was_ crowded that there was hardly _ standing room in it. 思考题： 1、做饭花了她半个小时。 It _ _ half an hour _ _ some cooki