动词的理解运用

1、动词的理解与运用程中,帀。这里主要身份。动词之外还英语中动词是一个变化多端的词性，时时在变，处处在变。所以在学习英语的过要时时想着动词的变化。动词分为系动词、助动词、实义动词和情态动讲系动词、助动词、和实义动词。第一节系动词系动词（即连系动词）用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征或 常见的系动词是 be，它的三种变化形式为：am , is , are . 除了 be有一些，他们大致可分为四类：1）表示“似乎"如: appear , seem2）表示“感觉”女口： look , sou nd , feel , taste , smell3）表示 “变化"女口： be

2、come , come , get , grow , turn , fall, go4）表示其他含义如： keep ,remain , stay , stand , prove例句如下：1. The old man seems deaf . 那个老头似乎聋了。2. He appears quite well .她显得很健康。3. She didn，t feel safe enough ,她不感觉足够的安全。4. The mixture tasted terrible .这个混合物闻起来很难闻。5. Now my dream has come true ,现在我的梦想已经变成了现实。6. Jam

3、es grew bigger every year .詹姆斯一年年地长大。7. You must keep healthy .你必须保持身体健康。8. Country music today remains much the same as before ,今天的乡村音乐还是与从前一个样。应用系动词是应当注意以下几个问题：（一）除去be以外的系动词在用法上与 be有点不同，有be动词的句子变为疑 问句 或否定句时，直接前提或加not o例如：He is in the classroom .他在教室。Is he in the classroom ?他在教室吗？He is n ot in the

4、classroom,他不在教室。而其他系动词变疑问句或否定句时与实义动词相同。例如：The Ianguage spoken in these places stayed the same? 另些地方讲的语言都是一样。Did the Ian guage spoke n in these places stayed the same?那些地方讲的语言都是一样吗？The Ianguage spoken in these places didn，t stay the same ?另些地方讲的语言不都一样。又如：She proved a very strict teacher .他证明是一位非常严格的教

5、师。Did she prove a very strict teacher?他证明是一位非常严格的教师吗？She didn，t prove a very strict teacher .他不证明是一位非常严格的教师。（二）一般来讲，系动词之后用形容词作表语能表示主语的性质、特征，这时回答"怎么样 ” 的问题。如： The book is interesting ,（ interesting 是 形容词，表示主语 book 的性质，对表语进行提问可以说： How is the book ? （这 本书怎么 样？）。名词作表语表示主语的身份，回答 “什么”问题。如： He is a te

6、acher .（ teacher 是名词，它表示主语的身份，对表语进行提问可以说 : What is he ? ）当然，副词、数词、代词、介词短语、分词、动名词都可以作表语，分别表示不同的含义。如： The professor is at home .教授在家。 at home 为介词短语The computer is mine . 这台计算机是我的。 mine 为代词Five and six is eleven .五加六等于十一。 eleven 为数词He is out. 他出去了。 out 为副词My job is looking after the children . 我的工作是照看小

7、孩。looking. 为动名词短语The film is moving . 电影很动人。 moving 为分词练习题1. 指出下列句子中的系动词l.Our class are all out on the playground .2. What are the women doing over there ?3 .What we need are good textbooks .4. The door was opened by the boy.5. The win dow is ope n .6.1 turned to the left and saw a strange man .7. T

8、here are five trees over there.8.1 felt the desk and the desk felt cool.9. Please look at the picture.10.lt looks very nice.1 l.It sounds a good idea.Please sound the bell and ask him to come in.12.The pla nt which I grew in my garde n is grow ing higher and higher.答案：l.are 3. are 5.is 8第二个 felt 是系动

9、词 10. looks 11. sou nds 12 is grow ingII.填入适当的词使句意完整1. It he who found the lost purse .2. the stude nts look ing over the ani mals now?3. The n ews excit ing .4. the an swer sound reas on able ?5. a new factory set up last year ?6. he careful about his studies ?答案：l.was 2.Are 3.is 4.Does 5.Was 6.1s第

10、二节助动词 助动词是用来帮助构成疑问句、否定句、倒装句、强调句以及各种时态、语态、 语气等的词，助动词没有词义。常见的助动词有：be , have, do , shall, will它们随着人称和数的变化而变化。例如：They are dancing and singing . （ are 帮助构成现在进行时）English is spoken by many people . （is 帮助构成被动语态）We have studied En glish for five years. （ have 帮助构成现在完成时）She did not go to town yesterday . （di

11、d 帮助构成否定句）Only then did I realize that I was wrong .（ did 帮助构成倒装句型）Do give her my regards . （ do帮助构成强调句，强调动词give）I shall write you a letter next mon th .（ shall 帮助构成一般将来时）语气）If it were fine yesterday , I could have come to see you .（could , have 帮助构成虚拟要是明天好天，我回去看你的。练习题I. 找出下列句子中的助动词1. Never does he

12、get up at five o'clock .2. They did remember the date whe n they met at he spot.3 .They have bee n married for ten years .4.1 said that they would accept our tha nks .5 .They have n't fini shed what they were asked to do .6. They seldom call at this Ion ely place , do they ?7. The Smiths hav

13、e a pretty daughter .8. The computer is for the teacher not for the students.答案：1 .does 2.did 3.have bee n 4.would 5.have , were 6. do 7.have不是助动词 8.is 不是助 动词II. 填入适当的词使句意完整1. We go to Shanghai next Sunday .2. They not hear the sound last night.3. He not smoke and neither his brother.4. Hardly he go

14、ne to bed when there was a knock at the door .5. the doctors giving the first aid to the dying child ?6. It said that a lot of flowers have planted recently .7. He suggested that we follow the way the teacher had showed us.8. They lived here since this village celebrated .9. you ever been to the Gre

15、at Wall ?10. she usually write to you ?答案： 1 .will 2. did 3. does , does 4. had 5. Are 6. is , been 7. should 8.have, was9. Have lO.Does第三节实义动词实义动词又叫行为动词，它分为及物动词和不及物动词。所谓及物动词是指动词后需要宾语的动词，如： We all love our motherland . （我们都热爱我们的祖国。 love 为 及物动词）所谓不及物动词是指不能跟宾语的动词，只能接状语或其他成分。如： He smiled when he saw he

16、r.（他见到她时笑了 。smiled为不及物动词。）有些动词既是及 物动词又是不及物动词，如： We study English . （我们学习英 语。 study 为及物动词。） We study hard . （我们努力学习。 study 为不及物 动词。）及物动词又被动语态而不及 物动词没有被动语态，因为不及物动词不能 跟宾语。实义动词在句中变化无常，时时 在变，处处在变，学好英语掌握实义动 词的变化最重要，它主要随主语人称和数的变 化以及动作发生时间的不同而变 化。以 work 为例，He often works . （他经常工作。）We often work. （我们经常工作。）He

17、 worked yesterday .（他昨天工作。）He has worked for three hours .（ 他已经工作三个小时了。 ）He is working now . （他正在工作。）He will work tomorrow . （他明天将要工作 。）He had worked for three hours by the end of last Sunday . （到上星期日末他已经工作 三个 小时了。）He said that he would work the next day . （他说第二天他将要工作 。）实义动词又分为状态动词和动作动词，状态动词时表示状态的动词

18、，它所表示的 不是 具体动作，这类动词一般是延续性的。如： have, keep ,belong,be, exist动作动词是表示具体动作的动词，一部分是延续性动词，一部分是非延续性动词。 如： 非延续性动词 hit ,stop , buy , jump ,borrow ；延续性动词 sit, talk ,do , sing练习题I. 用所给词的正确形式填空1. A pair of glasses been found . ( have )2. There a bus and several cars. ( come )3. Half of them gone. (be)4. Fred a waiter for two years before he went to university .( be )5. When I entered the room , I him drawing.( find )6. The football match this afternoon . ( hold )7. We can do nothing unless we more time