写作精讲讲义真题演练

1、通用考博写作讲义通用考博写作辰通用考博写作讲义演练讲义主讲人：辰欢迎使用讲义并非授课的逐字稿，难免有错漏，不符，请以课程讲解为主，有任何疑问可以到知识堂进行提问1通用考博写作讲义通用考博写作辰第三部分：1）课程思路演练和讲解ll先宏观、再微观先模板、在变化2）题目及其变型话题一：诚信话题lll剽窃（）食品安全（财科所）（）3）经典范文讲解Directions:Write a composition of no less than 200 words based on the following instruction.In the past few years, several plagiar

2、ism（，剽窃）cases have been exposed inChina; some involve professors and famous scholars while some others involve graduatestudents who are working as researchers. Please write a composition of no less than 200 words on your attitude towards plagiarism. You may also illustrate your opinion on academic i

3、ntegrity （正直）and give suggestions on how to preserve it in the academic world.范文：Nowadays, a discussion is being held in t media (in the academic circle/educational commueral public and in the mainstream). Why there are many plagiarismcases.*（* 注意此处应为问号） Many people around me, including my friends,

4、classmatesand colleagues, vary in their views in this issue, If some of them ask me for my opinion, Iwill maintain that honesty and credibility play leading roles in academic research. Andthe potential harm of plagiarism cannot be ignored in the educational commucan be seen in the following paragrap

5、hs., asI'd like to express my view in three aspects. First and foremost, nothing is moreimportant than academic integrity in scientific studies. However, it is disturbing to find that some people seldom develop this awareness. Secondly, numerous examples can be given in our society to illustrate

6、 the negative influence of plagiarism. For instance, those so-called scholars care nothing but immediate benefits and quick success. But what they lack is occupational self-discipline (a more responsible attitude/work ethics). In this way, the latest discoveries in a scientific field (realm) are oft

7、en in danger of being plagiarized. Third and last, another element deserves due attention, apart from the above-mentioned facts. Under a slack supervision system, it is difficult for the school management to take measures against the plagiarizing activities. If this situation continues, those leadin

8、g researchers' intellectual property will probably be infringed. Worse still, creative thinking and explorative awareness will gradually vanish from the2通用考博写作讲义通用考博写作辰academic circle.To sum up, Id like to emphasize my point of view that is mentioned in the first paragraph. plagiarism threatens

9、to do more harm to academic research. This trend will probably develop, if few actions are taken to bring it under effective control. In my view， three elements are fundamental in this issue: an effective feedback mechanism, an efficient administration and a concrete plan. Meanwhile, it is essential

10、 that the media coverage focus on the central position of academic integrity. Otherwise, it is beyond the possibility to maintain credibility and honesty in a university. This statement might be traditional, but it is at least rational and realistic.话题二：环保话题1）二段的论证lllllllllll利益（profit）- 效益（benefit）消

11、费（consumption）意识（environmental consciousness/environmental awareness） 自律（self-control/self-discipline）可持续发展观念（the sustainable development outlook） 低碳生活（a low carbon lifestyle）好习惯（a good living habit）减排（consumption，reduce）和节约态度和行为（attitude and behavior）（resources, reserve）平衡（natural balance/ecologica

12、l balance）和谐和健康（harmony and health）：fresh air, clean water, blue sky2）题目变形lll大气污染和雾霾防治共享单车的管理（没考） 环保是个人的事情还是的事情（没考）3）大学 2017 年Directions:Write an essay of no less than 250 words on the ”topic “How to eliminatePM2.5 in4）范文Nowadays, a discussion is being held in t media (in the academic circle/educati

13、onal commueral public and in the mainstream). Is it imperative to eliminate PM2.5? Many people around me, including my friends, classmates and colleagues, vary intheir views in this view. If some of them ask me for my opinion, I will maintain that environmental conservation (protection) plays a lead

14、ing role in the national development strategy. And the potential harm of air pollution (smog/haze) cannot be ignored in its capital city, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.3通用考博写作讲义通用考博写作辰Id like to express my view in three aspects. First and foremost, nothing is moreimportant than a clean

15、environment for a city. However, it is disturbing to find that apart from car exhaust in the urban region, some industries, particularly mining sectors and steam plants, often lack sustainable development outlook and environment awareness in their business operations. Secondly, numerous examples can

16、 be given in our society to illustrate the negative influence of their economic activities. For instance, these enterprises care nothing but immediate benefits an quick success. But what they lack is occupational self-discipline (a more responsible attitude/work ethics). In this way, the atmosphere

17、in a region is often in danger of being polluted. Third and last, another element deserves due attention, apart from the above-mentioned facts. Under a slack supervision system, it is difficult for the government departments to take measures against exhaust emission. If this situation continues, the

18、 ecological balance will probably be ruined. Wore still, fresh air and blue sky will gradually vanish from many areas, especially those regions with heavy industrial bases.To sum up, Id like to emphasize my point of view that is mentioned in the first paragraph. Air pollution (haze/smog) threatens t

19、o do more harm to sustainable development. This trend will probably develop, if few actions are taken to bring it under effective control. In my view, three elements are fundamental in this issue: an effective feedback mechanism, an efficient administration and a concrete plan. Meanwhile, it is esse

20、ntial that the media coverage focus on the central position of environmental conservation. Otherwise, it is beyond the possibility to maintain (improve) air quality.ØThis statement might be traditional, but it is at least rational and realistic in the social setting.话题三：1）二段的发展话题论证llllllllll调整产

21、业结构（adjust industrial structure）整合促进（pool various resources）发展（promote economic growth）就业和收入（job opportunities and revenue）发展和交流（economic growth and cultural exchange）（cultural）（religious divide）（ideological（terrorist attacks）环保问题（environmental protection）2）题目变形lll旅游产业的发展（中山大学 2000 年）中国能从奥运会获得什么（200

22、8 年）（全球化（：2009 年）：2016 年度）4通用考博写作讲义通用考博写作辰3）题目讲解The Belt and Road Initiative4）范文：尝试让步转折结构Nowadays, a heated discussion is being held in the mainstream media. How togovernment? Incomment on the Road and Belt strategy that is initiated by themy view, this strategy is of great importance to the develop

23、ment of China and that ofthe whole world, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.回忆：1：越“恶俗”的，越通用第一句：5 秒：背景Nowadays, a discussion is taking place in the mainstream media and in tpublic;eral回忆：第二句：15 秒：这个话题是什么？Is it necessary for the human beings to worry about the advancement of Artificial intell

24、igence?回忆：第三句：尽快引出的观点：2-4 分钟In this issue, people around me, including my friends, classmates or colleagues, alwaysvary in their views. If some of them ask me for my opinion, I will maintain that AI is of great importance in the modern society, and its influence is essentially positive. So it is ear

25、ly to predict that this technology becomes a threat to the humans, as can be seen in the following two paragraphs.回忆：十大“”词组1） 重要：become increasingly important/is of the utmost importance/plays an importantpart2） 意识：become increasingly aware of the position of. 3）喜欢：in preference for.4）重视：give more p

26、riority to.、pay attention to its position of/its threat of 5）不忽视：cannot be ignore (overlooked/neglected)6)7)8)9)解决问题:.solve many practical problems带来益处:.benefit tremendously from/gain numerous material benefit from: object to/withstand/ 倡导:advocate/encourage/promote/propose 有害:. threaten to do more

27、harm than good/turn a blind eye to.10) 影响: The influence of . is far-reaching (substantial/positive/negative)11) 利弊对比: The benefits of . outweigh the so-called disadvantages.5通用考博写作讲义通用考博写作辰注：因特此说明PPT 上前后排版有出入，因此该部分如果加上”倡导“，实际为 12 条词组，Theres no denying the fact that some problems arise in the proces

28、s of the initiative,problems arise in the process of this initiative, particularly cultural bias, religious divide,ideological. And in some regions, there is a danger of terrorist attacks. Thisstatement does have an element of truth, but it must be pointed out that it is stillsignificant to put forw

29、ards this development scheme (plan). Here, Id like to support my view with ample examples. For one thing, China can pool various economic resources and adjust the economic structure, hence bringing industrial upgrading. For another thing, other countries and regions can obtain many commercial opport

30、unities and speed up the local economic growth. As a result, the Road and Belt blueprint can be seen as a catalyst for economic development, not only for China, but also for its neighboring countries. In this situation, the friendly ties between different regions can also be greatly strengthened, al

31、ong with frequent cultural exchanges. To conclude, the One-Road and One-Belt strategy can be advocated, despite some unpredictable difficulties.To sum up, Id like to emphasize my point of view that has been mentioned in the first paragraph: Under the influence of globalization and polarization, the

32、Road and Belt strategy will play a leading role for China in the future thirty years. And with it, many countries and regions en route can also benefit from this strategy.回忆：第三段：不要走题 一致性，三四句即可第三段的词句有哪些？好用的太多回忆：1） 趋势是否持续？（The trend will probably develop in the future)2） 是否有必要建立机制、制定计划、有效管控（an effecti

33、ve mechanism, a concrete plan, efficient administration）3）是否需要进行宣传？（It is essential that the media coverage should focus on.）4）公民应该怎么做？（It is advised that each citizen .）5）可以共存，不social setting. 6）他们是副：They turn out to be compatible, and they can co-exist in the same，但毕竟不是主流，不能因为其局限性就全部的价值：They are t

34、heside-effects (side-products/an element), rather than the main stream. Whats more, it isunjustified to ignore its core value, while highlighting its limitation.7）即使存在， 也能有效解决： Such acan be effectively avoidedby .(handled/solved/resolved)这样的人少/这样的人不常见：The people who . are few. 这样的事不常见：The situation

35、that . is less common.话题四：话题6通用考博写作讲义通用考博写作辰1）二段例证lllllll悠久的历史（a long history）智慧、传统（local wisdom, traditional heritage）建立现代（build modern ideology）国际的形象（images in the international commu）不是虚的（not vague and abstract）而是虚的（but concrete and visible）仁义礼（benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, faith

36、, filial piety）2）变形题目lll中医是否过时（北大）城市是否应该加快博物馆建设（）儒家思想和市场（外经贸大学）3）典型题目讲解Direction:Write a composition of about 250 words based on the following questions: What are thecore values of Confucianism? How do you thinkChinas socialist market economy today.Confucianism is useful in building4）范文：Nowadays, a

37、discussion is being held in t media. Is it necessary to advocate Confucianismeral public and in the mainstream? Many people around me,including my friends, classmates, colleagues, vary in their views. If someone of them askme for my opinion, I will maintain that its influence is essential positive,

38、especially in three aspects: culture, morality and commerce.Three factors are salient in my interpretation. First and foremost, Confucianism has a people. It islong history in its birthplace, representing the local wisdom offound that its features can be seen in some major cultural values such as be

39、nevolence,propriety and righteousness. Secondly, culturally speaking, numerous examples can be cited to illustrate the function of Confucianism in moral issues. For one thing, it standsfor the traditional heritage of thenationality. For another thing, this school ofthought is the symbol of those ide

40、als like faith, loyalty and filial piety. All of them arenever out of date in the commercialized society. Third and last, apart from the above-mentioned facts, another aspect deserves due attention. As far as commerce is concerned, the core values of Confucianism are never vague and abstract. but al

41、waysvisible and concrete. They are significant in building modern ideology.'s socialistmarket economy, faith and propriety cannot be ignored in the daily business operationof an enterprise. In foreign trade, they are the images of a company in the internationalcommuservice, l. Without them, it i

42、s beyond the possibility for a company to improve itsone design a quality product.To sum up, I'd like to emphasize my point of view that is mentioned in the firstparagraph. Confucianism is of great importance in modern society. Its core values are7通用考博写作讲义通用考博写作辰compatible with rapid economic an

43、d social growth. There might be a limitation in thisphilosophical thought, but it is unwise to neglect its mainstream.Tips:及格标准lllllll切题尽量早的出现文章主题语言简洁，用一点不写无谓语和双谓语的句子基础薄弱的考生应该首先确保写得出来增强写作感受基础较好的学生应该学会一定的修辞方法TOPIC：交流China has rapidly developing in recent years. （错误 3）According to the economicdatas by

44、 the government, our country has changed stronger than before. （错误 4）So with it followed there are a phenomenon called “China hot” in many other countries.（错误 5） that is, foreigners like to travel, wearing traditionalOpera.costume,eatingdiet, even learningandHowever, is that picture tells us? Certai

45、nly not（. 错误 6）The American girl is not onlywearing a traditionalcostume but expressingcultural sign. Furthermore,this picture above does convey a truth that the national culture is international culture,（错误 7）and that is easy to understand.话题五：爱心话题1）二段写作的例证lllllll物质（daily necessities, food and clot

46、hes）金钱（living cost,al expenditure, housing, medical insurance, tuition fee）责任（family responsibility/social responsibility, moral obligation)爱心（love， sympathy， material support， mental 希望与和谐（hope， harmony）焦虑、孤独、压抑、隔阂（anxiety, loneliness, depression, alienation, isolation） 爱不是虚幻的，而是现实的（not vague and a

47、bstract but visible and concrete）2）变形考法精神是否过时（ 志愿者工作的益处（大学）大学）志愿者工作的益处（南京师范大学）爱有不同表达方式（）3）典型题目Directions：8通用考博写作讲义通用考博写作辰Do you think that the Lei Feng spirit is out of date in thesociety?4）范文Nowadays, a discussion is being held in society. Is it necessary to advocatethe Lei Feng spirit in our count

48、ry? Many people around me, my classmates, friends andcolleagues, vary in their views in (on) this issue. If some of them ask me for my opinion will maintain that the influence of this spirit is essentially positive, and therefore it plays aleading role in thecommunities, as can be seen in the follow

49、ing paragraphs. I'd like to discuss this issue in three aspects. First and foremost, theres no denying the fact that many people in modern society pay attention to material benefits, and tend to become increasingly alienated. Such a remark does contain an element of truth. However, it seems to i

50、gnore the other side of the issue. In a civilized society mutual support is of great importance. Secondly, numerous examples can be cited to illustrate the central position of the Lei Feng spirit. For instance, many warm-hearted citizens provide those lonely and helpless people with important daily

51、necessities such as food and clothes. Or in other cases, many responsible social members afford those poor children's living expenditure or tuition fee, especially if they live the remote and poverty-stricken areas. Third and last, another aspect deserves due attention apart from the above-menti

52、oned facts. Social responsibility can be performed, along with the moral obligation. In this situation, the disadvantaged groups can obtain love and care (more material support and mental comfort) in a society full of hope and harmony. Third and last, another aspect deserves due attention, apart fro

53、m the above-mentioned facts. Social responsibility can be performed, along with the moral obligation. In this situation, the disadvantaged groups can obtain love and care (more material support and mental comfort) in a society full of hope and harmony.To sum up, I'd like to emphasize my point of

54、 view that is mentioned in the first paragraph. Lei Feng spirit is never vague and abstract, but always visible and concrete. In the socialist market economy, this spirit is compatible with one' s material pursuit. So it is might be traditional, but itnot out of date (obsolete) inis at least rea

55、listic.society. This话题六：健康话题1）二段写作的例证l努力工作的（work diligently for handsome salary, job promotion andachievement）竞争激烈（intense social competition）占用时间（spend large amount of time on ones work）耗费精力（put great deal of energy into social activities/social relationship） 熬夜（stay up late until the midnight）生活颠倒

56、（It is difficult to establish normal living pattern）出现亚健康（sub-healthy problems such as headache, fatigue and sleep loss） 高脂肪和高血糖（high fat, high blood sugar）allllllll9通用考博写作讲义通用考博写作辰llll慢性问题 chronic diseases, high blood pressure, heart attack心理问题（mental problems: anxiety, depression pressure/stress） 宣传（the media coverage must focus on .）参加体育活动，如慢跑、游泳、篮球（take part in some sports activities such as jogging, swimming and playing basketball）其他体育活动：爬山、旅行、瑜伽（hill climbing, excursion and yoga）l注：yoga 首字母应为小写 特此更正2）变形题目健康和Directions:State one of the benefits of d