【教案】高中英语（2019）人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Learning About Language 学案

1、Unit 3 Learning About Language 学案【本课目标】1.通过对课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中理解和掌握直接引语和间接引语的用法。2.通过本学案的归纳,巩固直接引语和间接引语的用法,并学以致用。【自主学习】1.submitvt. & vi. (to give or offer something for a decision to be made by others)提交;呈递;屈服(课本P28) According to the report submitted by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all

2、annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.根据研究人员提交的报告,每年的20%到25%的二氧化碳排放是由热带森林的破坏造成的。(1)submit sth to sb 向某人提交某物submit to sb/sth/doing 顺从,听命于submit oneself to 甘受,服从(2)submission n. 提交,呈递;顺从,屈服【练一练】(1)Youd better submit your graduation thesis to school ahead of

3、the deadline in case of any change. 你最好在截止日期前向学校提交你的毕业论文,以防有任何变动。(2)We protested about the changes for a long time, but in the end we had to submit.我们对这些变动抗议了很长时间, 但最终不得不屈服。(3)She decided to resign from the club rather than submit herself to the new rules. 她决定从俱乐部辞职,而不是服从新的规定。(4)单句填空The teachers agr

4、eed to a special meeting, in (submit) to parents demands.  No country would submit to (control) by another country. It should be noted that papers (submit) late will not be accepted.  (5)完成句子Applicants should read the guidance notes carefully (在递交申请前).  She is strong-willed perso

5、n (从不屈服于失败的). 2.on behalf of代表(代替)某人(课本P29) Im doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.我正在代表学校做一个关于全球变暖的项目。(1)on behalf of sb=on sbs behalf代表(代替)某人(2)stand for代表,象征represent 代表,象征【练一练】(1)On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.我代表全公司对你的工作

6、表示感谢。(2)Smile is a kind of language that represents/stands for kindness, friendliness, courtesy and consideration.微笑是一种语言,它代表了友善、亲切、礼貌和关怀。(3)一句多译Being quick-minded and good at communicating, the young man was appointed to address the tough problem .(behalf) Being quick-minded and good at commun

7、icating, the young man was appointed to address the tough problem . (represent) 这个年轻人头脑敏捷且善于沟通, 因此被派去代表公司解决那个棘手的问题。3.sensitiveadj. 敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的(课本P29) Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic?为什么核能是一个敏感话题?(1)be sensitive to/about对敏感(2)sensible adj. 明智的;意识到的【练一练】(1)This is such a sensitive issue

8、that perhaps the press should not be told.这是个十分敏感的问题,恐怕不该让新闻界得知。(2)He was very sensitive about his scar and thought everyone was staring at him.他对自己的伤疤很敏感, 以为每个人都在盯着他看。(3)It is a sensible choice to discuss this matter with your parents before you make a decision. 在你做决定之前和父母讨论这件事是明智的选择。(4)单句填空Althoug

9、h cats cannot see in complete darkness,their eyes are much (sensitive) to light than human eyes.  He (sensitive) avoided mentioning her ex-husbands new girlfriend. (5)完成句子The elderly need special care in winter, as.  在冬季老年人需要特别的关注,因为他们对天气的突然变化很敏感。【语法学习】Direct speech & indirect spe

10、ech(直接引语和间接引语)【探索概况】1.“I dont know the address of my new home,” said Anne.Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.2.Mother said to Tom, “I will come back home this evening.”Mother told Tom that she would go back home that evening.3.“I have never been to Beijing with my parents,” sa

11、id Jack to his friend.Jack told his friend that he had never been to Beijing with his parents.4.“Does a friend always have to be a person?” Mary asked Lily.Mary asked Lily if/whether a friend always has to be a person.【用法归纳】直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用加引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。如:

12、John said, “I have worked out this maths problem.”约翰说:“我已经解出了这道数学题。”(直接引语)John said that he had worked out that maths problem.约翰说他已经解出了那道数学题。(间接引语)一、陈述句直接引语为陈述句时,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句(that在口语中常省略),主句的谓语动词主要有say, tell, repeat, explain, think等。同时,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其一般规则如下:1.时态的变化直接引语间接引语时

13、态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时注意 下列情况中,直接引语变间接引语时时态不变。(1)主句的时态为一般现在时或一般将来时。如:“Li Ming does well in English,” says Ling Ling.Ling Ling says that Li Ming does well in English.(2)直接引语陈述的是客观事实或真理。如:“The earth goes around the sun,” said our teacher.Our teacher said that the ea

14、rth goes around the sun.(3)直接引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语。如:“I was employed by the company in 1998,” the young man told me.The young man told me that he was employed by the company in 1998.2.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化(1)thisthat 这个那个 如:She said, “I will come this morning.”She said that she would go that morning.(2)th

15、esethose 这些那些 如:He said, “These books are mine.”He said that those books were his.(3)nowthen 现在那时 如:He said, “It is nine oclock now.”He said that it was nine oclock then.(4)todaythat day 今天那天 如:He said, “I havent seen her today.”He said that he hadnt seen her that day.(5)yesterdaythe day before 昨天前一

16、天 如:She said, “I went there yesterday.”She said that she had gone there the day before.(6)tomorrowthe next/following day 明天第二天 如:She said, “Ill go there tomorrow.”She said that she would go there the next/following day.(7)herethere 这里那里(8)comego 来去注意 如果在当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go;如果在当天转述,yester

17、day, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。3.人称代词的变化(1)“一随主”:若直接引语中有第一人称,变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致;(2)“二随宾”:若直接引语中有第二人称,变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致;(3)“第三人称不更新”:直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。如:John said, “Ill try my best to help you.”John said (that) he would try his best to help me.Mary said, “Jane is in the reading room now.”Mary said (t

18、hat) Jane was in the reading room then.二、疑问句直接引语是疑问句时,间接引语要用陈述语序,主句的谓语动词常用ask,或改为wonder, do not know等。1.若直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句,变间接引语时将直接引语变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句。如:“Are you good at English?” Mary asked.Mary asked if/whether I was good at English.“You have worked here for a long time, havent you?” he asked.H

19、e asked (me) if/whether I had worked there for a long time.2.若直接引语为特殊疑问句,变间接引语时则将直接引语变为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。如:“Where are you from?” the boss asked me.The boss asked me where I was from.3.若直接引语是选择疑问句,变间接引语时则将直接引语变为“whetheror”引导的宾语从句。如:“Do you want to go home or stay here?” she asked.She asked (me) whether I

20、 wanted to go home or stay there.三、祈使句1.引述表示命令的祈使句,常用tell, order转述。如:“Take down these paintings,” the teacher said to the student.(直接引语,主句谓语为said to)The teacher told the student to take down those paintings.(间接引语,tell sb to do sth)注意 直接引语中的称呼语一般当作宾语用。2.引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句,可用advise, suggest等词转述。如:The owner

21、 said to the workers, “Please take a rest.”(直接引语,主句谓语为said to)The owner advised the workers to take a rest.(间接引语,advise sb to do sth)3.引述表示请求的祈使句,常用ask, beg等词转述。如:“Dont let your dog bark during the night, please,” the neighbour said to him. (直接引语,主句谓语为said to)The neighbour asked him not to let his d

22、og bark during the night. (间接引语,ask sb to do sth)“Please forgive me,” she said to her father.(直接引语,主句谓语为said to)She begged her father to forgive her. (间接引语,beg sb to do sth)4.引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句,常用remind, warn等词转述。如:“Dont forget to mail the letter,” the wife said to her husband.(直接引语,主句谓语为said to)The wife

23、 reminded her husband not to forget to mail the letter.(间接引语,remind sb to do sth)归纳 祈使句的间接引语形式多采用“动词+宾语+动词不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有ask, tell, beg, warn, remind, advise, order等。四、感叹句这时,间接引语可以用what/how/that引导。如:They said, “How lovely the day is!”(直接引语为how引导的感叹句)They said how lovely the day was.(间接引语变为how引导的宾语从句

24、)They said that it was a lovely day.(间接引语变为that引导的宾语从句)注意 有些感叹句的转述要根据原句的意思采用适当的动词。如:“Happy New Year!” he said to me.He wished me a happy New Year.【练一练】 单句填空1.The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light (travel) faster than sound.  2.Mary asked me I would go to the concert with her th

25、at evening.  3.He said they had insisted that she (start) immediately.  4.She said she (nurse) her father in the hospital since she came back.  5.He asked whether my son was going to Shanghai that day the next day.  6.Mr Wang told the children that he (leave) for Shanghai on busi

26、ness next month.  7.She said that she (write) a letter when he knocked at the door.  8.Tom told me that he would help me with my English next day.  9.She told me not (buy) any toys. She has too many baby toys.  10.She asked George he had anything interesting she could read.  

27、; 句型训练1.The doctor required that . (stay)  医生要求她在家休息至少一周的时间。2.Linda said disappointedly that when she arrived at the station, . (leave)  琳达失望地说,她到达火车站时,火车已经开走了。3.I observed that he was very pale and asked him . (matter)  我发现他脸色非常苍白,问他哪里不舒服。4.He even before we finished our meal. (go)  没等我们吃完饭,他就命令我们回去工作。5.The reporter asked the house prices. (measure)  记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施来控制房价。 语法填空I had just sat down to watch news when I heard a knock on the door. A young man at