衡水中学高考状元英语笔记

1、衡水中学高考状元英语笔记记叙文高级词汇1. on one s way to 在某人去某地的途中2. do a good deed 做一件好事3. be thankful to sb. for sth. 因某事而感谢某人4. throw off one s clothes 匆忙脱掉衣服5. be too frightened to move 吓呆了6. struggle 挣扎7. pay a visit to 参观8. be about to do sth. ,when 正准备突然eg. I was about to go home, when I heard someone crying fo

2、r help.9. learn a lesson from 从 一 中吸取教训10. teach sb. a lesson 给某人以教训11. keep the lesson in mind 把教训牢记在心中12. make up one s mind 下定决心13. causealossof 造成损失eg. This terrible fire caused a loss of one million14. with the sun setting down 随着夕阳西下eg. With the sun setting down, we went home happily.15. say g

3、oodbye to 向 告另1J16. forger the passing of the time 忘了时间的推移eg. We worked so attentively that we forgot the passing of the time.17. be lost in 沉溺于第 1 页 共 38 页eg. He was lost in his work so that he didn t notice a car coming.18. just at that time 就在那时19. before long 不久eg. Before long, the fire was put

4、out.20. return to normal 恢复正常eg. Soon everything returned to normal.*Our school lies where there used to be a church. 我们学校位于过去是一座教堂的地方。议论文高级词汇1. do good to给带来好处2. do harm to给带来危害3. hold a view 持有一个观点eg. Many people hold a view that it is no use promising without doing.4. a waste of 一种浪费eg. Playing c

5、omputer games too long is a waste of time.5. have an effect on 对一 产生影响6. advantages and disadvantages 优势和劣势7. be crazy about 对一狂热8. be lost in 沉溺于eg. Dont be lost in reading novels any longer.9. to one s surprise 令人惊讶的是10. result in 导致eg. Carelessness can result in a traffic accident.*I consider him

6、 a great hero. 我把他看成一个大英雄。说明文高级词汇1. be high/rich in 含有丰富的 eg. As we all know, apples are high/rich in sugar.2. have an advantage over 比一 有优势eg. Taking a train has an advantage over taking a plane.3. be similar to 与相似4. be popular with 受欢迎eg. The food is especially popular with children.5. contain 包含

7、，容纳6. differ from 与不同eg. Oranges differ from any other fruit.7. tasty, delicious 美味的，可口的8. be made from/of由制成，成品中看不出/看得出原材料9. convenient 方便的 attractive 有吸引力的fascinating 令人着迷的10. recommend 推荐eg. Now, I would like to recommend a very good English-Chinese dictionary to you.11. of great value 很有价值12. be

8、 worth doing sth. 值得做某事eg. These products are well worth buying.13. of high quality 质量高14. not only.but also 不但而且eg. Often eating this kind of food does good to our health.16. be good for对有好处eg. Taking this kind of medicine is good for improving our memory.* Who has won the election will soon be ann

9、ounced. 即将宣布谁赢得了这次大选。* I don t think it surprising that he has refused her invitation. 我对他拒绝了她的邀请并不感到奇怪。* The news that there is going to be a wonderful concert this evening has spread. 今天晚上将有一场精彩的音乐会 的消息传开了。人物介绍文高级词汇1. be ready to do sth. 乐意做某事eg. I know that she is always ready to help others.2. f

10、asionable 时尚的 humorous 幽默的 gentle 文雅的3. such is 这就是（用于对人物介绍作总结）eg. Such is our English teacher, a kind and hardworking man.4. be elected a model 被选为模范eg. His mother is often elected a model worker.5. be deeply respected and loved 深受人们尊敬和爱戴6. win great honor for 为 一赢得巨大荣誉7. break/keep the record of 打

11、破 /保持 纪录8. set a new record 创造新纪录*As you can imagine, it is very difficult to learn math.I stayed at her home for a week, during which time I discussed many problem with her.This is the girl without whom I couldn t have won the big prize.15. do good to给带来好处第 5 页 共 38 页This is the boy with whose sist

12、er I have already worked for ten years. 我和他的姐姐已经一起工作了10 年。地点介绍类高级词汇1. lie in the center of 位于的中心2. such as 诸如3. lie in the east/west/south/north of 位于 的东 /西/南/北部4. lie (to)/on the east/west/south/north of 位于 的东/西/南/北边两地(不)接壤5. cover on area of 覆盖 的面积eg. Our city covers an area of 10000 square kilome

13、ters.6. have a population of 有人口7. be high/rich in 含有丰富的 eg. This small country is high/rich in natural resources.8. a with green hills and beautiful riverseg. This is a village with green hills and beautiful rivers.9. be famous/well-known for 因 出名eg. As we all know, Hangzhou is famous for the West

14、Lake.*So long as you get there in time, you can see him. 只要你及时赶到那里，你就能看到他。I put a bookmark where I had a question. 我在有问题的地方放了一张书签。Our school lies where there used to be a church. 过去在我们学校所在的地方有一座教堂。英文交友信高级词汇1. make friends with 与交朋友2. be able to 能够3. be thirsty for 渴望eg. I m thirsty for a chance to c

15、hat with you face to face.4. have a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事5. help each other 互相帮助6. understand each other 互相理解7. get relaxed 放松8. look forward to 希望eg. I m looking forward to visiting your country as soon as possible.9. forever 永远 value 珍惜eg. To tell you the truth, I value our friend10. treasure o

16、nes friendship 珍惜 的友谊eg. I ll treasure our friendship and consider it as my property.11. close friends 亲密的朋友12. hear from 收到的来信13. work out 锻炼 exercise 锻炼eg. We can often work out in the stadium.*With the sun setting down, we went home. 夕阳西下时我们回家了。Her coming late to school annoyed her teacher. 她上课迟到

17、让老师感到很恼火。求职信高级词汇1. apply for 申请2. hold an important position in 在 一 占据重要位置eg. Tom used to hold an important position in this company.第 41 页 共 38 页3. be admitted into 被录取4. e-mail sb. at 按地址给某人发电子邮件eg. Please e-mail me at Redstarhotel5. in addition 此外6. experienced 有经验的promising 有希望的7. since my gradu

18、ation/graduating from 自从我从毕业以来8. be accepted 被接受9. reach/realize/accomplish one s dream/aim/goal 实现理想/目标求助信高级词汇1. challenge 挑战2. facing 面临（常置于句首作状语）eg. Facing so much pressure, she didn t know what to do.3. faced with 面临（常置于句首作状语）eg. Faced with so much pressure, she could hardly stand it.4. beg sb.

19、to do sth. 恳求某人做某事5. beg sb. of sth. 恳求某人提供某物eg. Can I beg you of your help?6. beg sb. for sth. 向某人恳求某物7. average 一般的8. follow one s advice 采纳某人的建议eg. I ll follow your advice and try to do my work well.9. make progress 取得进步eg. I m sure with your help I ll make greater progress in my English study.10

20、. have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难eg. I have much difficulty in my English study.11. have trouble in doing sth. 做某事很费力12. take trouble to do sth. 费力地做某事eg. I usually take trouble to understand the text.13. help sb. out of difficulty 帮助某人摆脱困境14. would like sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事调查报告高级词汇1. make up

21、占eg. The smokers make up half of the total number of the workers.2. compared with 和相比eg. Compared with boys, girls are easier to become fat.3. increase 上升decrease 下降eg. The number of the students who often play computer games is increasing.4. go up 上升 drop down 下降eg. Recently the temperature here ha

22、s been going up.5. a quarter of 四分之一three quarters of 四分之三eg. A quarter of the villagers have grown rich on selling vegetables.6. times as as 是 的倍eg. This year they have produced three times as many cars as they did last year.7. times higher/longer than 比高/长倍eg. This bridge is three times longer tha

23、n that one.8. take place 发生eg. In recent years great changes have taken place in the village.9. take on a new look 呈现新面貌eg. Now, the town takes a new look.10. as many/high/long as+ 数词 多/高 /长达 eg. As many as ten students are late today.11. more or less 大约eg. There are sixty students more or less in t

24、his class.12. with the development of 随着的发展eg. With the development of industry and agriculture, this town will become more and more beautiful.倒装句1) never, seldom, hardly, not until, only+ 状语，not only+ 分句，no sooner, so/such+主句,neither, nor 等置于句首时应使用部分倒装，即把系动词be,助动词，情态动词提至主语前，或在主语前加相应的助动词。eg. Never h

25、ave I been to Beijing before.Not only does he study hard but also he is kind.2) here, there, in, out, up, down, away 等介词，副词及有些表示地点的成分置于句首时应使用全部倒装，即把动词直接提至主语前。eg. Hearing the strange noise, out rushed the boy.To the east of the hill lie two cities.3) as引导让步状语从句时将表语，副词等提到as前。eg. Cold as it was, they w

26、ent on with their work.倍数表达法1) A times asas B A是B的倍 eg. The mountain is five times as high as that one.2) Atimes+比较级+than B A比B倍eg. The bridge is three times longer than that one.3) Atimes+the+名词+of BA的是B的倍eg. The earth is about 49times the size of the moon.省略句若时间状语从句，条件状语从句和方式状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或从句的主

27、语为it， 常省略从句的主语和部分谓语。eg. If necessary, Ill do everything for you.While waiting for a bus, I had a long talk with him.过渡性词汇的使用1. 表因果关系as a result （结果），thanks to （多亏了）eg. It snowed heavily and as a result our plan had to change.Thanks to the firemen s timely arrival, the big fire was put out very quick

28、ly.2. 表递进关系whats more （更何况，表肯定），besides （更何况，表肯定），whats worse （更糟糕的是，表否定）eg. I m sure you can win the big prize, because your performance is always very good; what s more, you are sofamous.The girl was very sad, because she lost her wallet; what s worse, she has just been criticized by her teacher.3

29、. 表著名观点 as we all know （众所周知），as is known to all （众所周知）4. 表各人观点as far as I know （就我所知的而言）, as far as I am concerned （就我所知的而言）, in myopinion （依我看）,in the opinion of me （依我之见）,in the eyes of me （在我看来）5. 表并列观点at the same time （与此同时），（in the） meanwhile （与此同时）6. 表客观规律generally speaking （一般来说），in general

30、（一般来说），all in all （总的来说）7. 表总结 in a word （总之），altogether （总之）eg. She is kind; she is diligent; she is clever. Altogether, she is a good girl.8. 表情绪 to ones joy （令某人高兴的是），to ones surprise （令某人惊讶的是），to ones disappointment（令某人失望的是），to ones pride （令某人自豪的是），to ones satisfaction （令某人满意的是），to ones horror （

31、令某人惊恐的是）9. 表转折关系however （然而，无论如何），nevertheless （然而，不过）eg. There was no news; nevertheless, she went on hoping.10. 表顺序 first （第一，首先），second （第二），then （然后），at last （最后），in the end （最后） eg. At first I thought it difficult to learn English, but in the end I changed my mind.常用的过渡性词语（组）1. 时间： first, secon

32、d, then, after that, next, afterward, finally, in the end, at last, meanwhile, later on, soon2. 空间：near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on the right,3. 对比：like, unlike, while, on the other hand, on the contrary, instead of, Instead4. 转折： but, however, yet, nevertheless, otherwise, unfo

33、rtunately/fortunately, suddenly, all of a sudden, in spite of this, actually, in fact, as a matter of fact5. 因果： For one thing, For another thing, because, because of, thanks to, due to, on account of, now that, therefore, so, that, with the help of6. 递进：besides, Whats more, moreover, furthermore, i

34、n addition, not only but also, above all, W hat s worse, Worse still, to make things worse7. 并歹U: and, as well as, also, neither nor8. 条件：if, as long as, on condition that, in case （以防）eg. Children don t care about mess or dust as long as they feel they are loved.孩子们只要觉得自己受到疼爱，就不在乎脏乱或灰尘。9. 比较：than,

35、as as, the more the more ，compared with10. 目的：so that, in order that, so as to, in order to11. 结果：so that, as a result, therefore, thus, to my surprise/delight/dismay12. 让步：though, although, even if/though, in spite of, despite that13. 选择：either or ， or ，whether or 14. 结论：in a word, in other words,

36、in short, in brief, in general, on the whole, asa whole,to sum up,to conclude15. 观点：in my opinion, in my eyes, I think, I m sure, as far as I am concerned, tomy mind, Personally,Franklyspeaking16. 举例：for example, for instance, such as17. 承接：On one hand, On the other hand, in this way, by doing this1

37、8. 段落： As far as is concerned, As the saying goes, As might have been excepted, As was19. 定语从句讲解一、详细的定语从句讲解定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。一、 限定性定语从句1. that 即可代表事物也可代表人，which 代表事物；它们在从句中

38、作主语或宾语，that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which 在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which 在从句中作“不及物动词介词 ”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which 的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which 作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which 之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which ，但在带有下列词的句子中用that 而不用 which ，这些词包括all, anything,much等，这时的that常被省略4. who 和 whom 引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom 作宾语时

39、，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where 是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句6. when 引导定语从句表示时间注值得一提的是，表示时间“tim片词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living ne

40、cessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything 或nothing 时，常用there is 来引导二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1 . which 引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2

41、 . 在引导限定性定语从句时，that 有时相当于in which, at which, for which 或 at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于

42、某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。3 .有时as也可用作关系代词4 .在非限定性定语从句中，不能用 that,而用who, whom代表人，用 which代表事物三、定语从句结构错误1. 缺关系词2. 从句中缺成分摘自简明英语语法在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解

43、。例如：Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。They explained the reason

44、 to us why they had hated us before.他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点， 隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world

45、, but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and

46、television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ， computers 和 television 进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education

47、and entertainment center . ）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow . （此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。The old man has a son , who is in the army . （此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son 进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是：这

48、位老人只有一个儿子 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son 进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了： 这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作 。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。二、定语从句用法详细讲解定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句

49、。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。三、回顾初中定语从句的讲解与练习定语从句（Attributive Clauses ）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系副词有：when, where, why 等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保

50、持一致。1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？(who/that 在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that 在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which 互换) , 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down

51、. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that 在句中作宾语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is abou

52、t to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1) when, where, why关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于介词+ which 结构， 因此常常和介词+ which 结构交替使用，例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是

53、我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2） that 代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代 when, where, why和介词+ which弓I导的 定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in

54、 which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）（错）This is the mountain village where

55、I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year.（对） Ill never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when 联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。20.高一英语必修2 词组归纳总结做，坚决做5.do with 处理；对付Unit 13. belong to 属于6.in search of ;in the/one sesa1. look into调查4. get /be lost ; be missingrchfor 寻找迷路，丢失7. be used to do sth. 被用来2. insist on/upon sth/doing 坚持做某事8. be used to doing sth.