高中英语之特殊句式教案

1、on子特殊句式一、倒装“主语+谓语”是英语句子的最基本结构。如果把谓语放在主语之前，该句就成倒装结构。1、完全倒装：谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子，便(1)在there be 结构中There stands an old tree on the top of thehill.(2)在表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语、如： here, there, now, then ,up , down,in, out, away, off, in the room,the wall等置于句首，且以名词作主语的句Here comes the bus.Away flew the birds.Out went th

2、e children.Nowcomes your turn.现在轮到你了。【注意】中语是代词就不用倒装.即主谓语序 不变。Away ran the thief. Away he ran.2、部分倒装只杷谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词) 置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。(1) 否定词(hardly, seldom, never, rarely , in no way, under no circumstances, by no means, not only , , , but also, not until ) (2)表示否定或者半否定意义的副词，介词短 语，连词等置于句首。否定副词 n

3、ever, nor,not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语 at no time, under/in no circumstances,in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于旬首时要倒装,不在句首则用正常语序。 Never have I seen such a performance.Hardly do I think possible to finish the job before dark.=I hardly think it possible to finish

4、the job before dark.练一练1. Never in mywildest dreams B thesepeople are living in such poor conditions.A. I could imagine B. could I imagineC. I couldn ' t imagine D. couldn ' tI imagine2. Only then D how much damage hadbeen caused.A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did

5、 she realize(3) so 放在句首， So + adj. /adv - that , 意为“如此以至于”后接表语或状 语，再品M that从句，so后面的主句要倒装,而 that引导的从何不倒装。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.So easy is that a boy can learn in.如此容易，以至一个孩子都能学会。练一练So difficult B_it to work out theproblem that I decided to ask Tom for

6、 advice.A. I did findB. did I find练一练C. I have found D. have I foundB that Marci was able to setup new branches elsewhere.A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful business(4)so + be/助动词/情态动词 +主语，意 为“也”That man is a do

7、ctor, so is his wife. He likes pop music very much, so do I .此句型也可写成“it is the same with ”， 或 “so it is with ”。They love having lots of friends,“it isthe same with me./so it is with me. ” so开始的简短反应如果是对别人说的情况加 以肯定，对前面内容的肯定或附和，句子不可使用倒装。试比较： A: I was afraid. A:I wasafraid.8: So was I. B:So youwere. nei

8、ther/nor+ be/助动词/情态动词 +主语，意为“也不这样”。I ' ve never been abroad. Neither has she. The boy can ' t swim and neither / nor can the girl.此句型也可写成“it is the same with ”， 或 “so it is with ”。Lily can' t ride, it is the same with Lucy/ so it is with Lucy1. It ' s burning hot today, isn ' t i

9、tYes, A yesterday.A. So was it B. So it was C. Soit is D. So is it2. My room gets very cold at night.一 CA. So is mine B. So mine is C. Sodoes mine D. So mine does(5) only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且 放在句首时要倒装。Only then did I understand why she did so.Only in this waycan you study English well.Only when the war

10、was over in 1880 was he able to continue this work.使用特点： 在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则需找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。Only after the war he learned the sad news.(X)only修饰状语从何时,从何不可倒装，主旬 要部分倒装。Only when he returned did we find out the truth.only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装.Only mother can understand me. B snacks and drinks, butthey also br

11、ought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring对名词(或中心词是名词)感叹时，用 what引 导；对形容词或副词感叹时，用 how引导。(6) as , though引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况表语的倒装:Young as/ though he is , he knows some of the fam

12、ily secrets.Strangeas/though it seems , it is true.谓语动词的倒装Try as Imight, I couldn ' t lift the stone.Search asthey would here and there, they could find nothing in the room.状语的倒装，Much as helikes the bike, he doesn' t want to buy it. Hard as Istudied , I could not catch up with them.如果是单数名词或形

13、容词的最高级作表语、不再用冠词Child as he is, he can carry the big box.Youngest as he is in our class, he speaksEnglish best.练一练A,Tom couldn ' t make thedoor open.A. Try as she might B. As she might tryC. she might as try D. might sheas try二、强调It is/was+ 被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余成 分所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从旬， 但结构必须完整。被强调的成

14、分可以是主叁 宾语或状语等,但不能是定语或谓语Wecalled on Prof. Wangat his office this morning.今早我们到王教授的办公室拜访了 他。- It was we who/ that called on Prof.Wang at his office this morning.-It was Prof. Wang who/ that we called on at his office this morning.(1) 这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把 is ( was) 提前,即：Is/Was it + 被强调部分+that/who + 句子剩余成分。Wa

15、s it your brother who works in thatcompany(2)特殊疑问句的强调句型只需在一般疑问句 前加上特殊疑问词，即：特殊疑问词+ is/was + it + that +句子剩余成分.Who was it that wrote these famous plays Where was it that you picked up the wallet1. It was along the Mississippi RiverC Mark Twain spent much of hischildhood.A. how B. which C. that D.where

16、2. Where did you get to know her It was on the farm D we worked.A. that B. there C. which 强调句型，被强调的是时间状语，因此用介词D. wherenotuntil句型的强调句其强调句式为：It is/was not until + 被强调 部分+ that +其他成分。此句型只用until ,不 用till 。但如果不是强调句型，till , until 可通用；He didn ' t go to bed until ten o ' clock. Tt was not until ten

17、o' clock that he went to bed.I didn ' t realized she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 一It was not until she took off her dark glassesthat realized she was a famous film star.强调句型中的it与作形式主语的it可根据能 否恢复原句来判断，即把It is/was 和that去 掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能构成一个完整的句 子，这就是强调句型，否则就不是。It i

18、s there that we met each other.It is clear that not all boys like football. 【注意】强调句型与It is/was + 时间+ when/before 从句的区别在 “It is/was+ 时间 + when/before 从句”中，it指时间，when/before引导的是时间状语从 句。注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.It was midnight when/betore I go back home yester

19、day.短语表达;一般句型，时间以名词的方式表达, 用来作表语。练一练It was D he cameback from Africathat year he met the girl he wouldlike to marry.A. when; then B. not; until C. notuntil; that D. only; when【注意】It is/was - that/who结构不能强 调谓语。如果需要强调谓语，用助动词 do, did 或 does。I do hope you ' ll stay to lunch.Do come here tomorrow.He d

20、id attend the meeting.I A hope that every one of us will be successful in our studies.A. do B. did C. doesD. doingI ' ve been studying the science of outer space for the last ten years and now I still A .A. am B. do C. beD. have三、反意疑问句主要考查主从复合句和并列句的反意疑问句1、陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句 当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分 用n

21、eedn' t; 当含有mustn' t （不允许、禁止） 时，其反意疑问部分用 must/may。You must go homeright now, needn' t you 你 必须得现在回家，对吗You mustn' t walk on grass, must you 你 不能践踏草地，不是吗(2)当 must/may( might)表示推测，即 must 作 “一定，准是”讲，分2种情况：(3)对现在的推测：看must后面的动词(2) 对过去的推测： 存在于 must have+ 过去分 回时，有以下两种情况：有过去时间状语，如last night,

22、yesterday 等，反问部分的谓语动词为 didn't +主语 没有具体得而过去时间状语。反问部分用 haven' t/ hasn ' t + 主语。You must/may (might) be tirednow,aren ' t youYou must have seen the film, _haven' tyouHe must have met her yesterday, _didn ' t you2、陈述部分谓语动词为 ought to/used to 的 反意疑问句其反意疑问部分可采取两种形式；He used to live i

23、n China, usedn' t /didn ' t heShe ought to know about it, oughtn ' t/shouldn ' t she3、陈述部分含有否定词或半否定 词的反意疑问 句当陈述部分带有 no, no one, neither, nor, none of, seldom , hardly , scarcely , never, few, little , nothing , nobody 等否定词或半 否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。You have never been to Beijing, have yo

24、u Nothing is wrong with your TV set, is it【注意】如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意 义的前缀构成的词,其反意疑问部分一般用否 定式。He was unsuccessful, wasn ' t he She looked unhappy, didn ' t she 4、陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句 (1)当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，反意疑问部 分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn ' t he(2)陈述部分的主句谓语动词是thin

25、k,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine 、且主句主语为第一人称时, 反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语 和谓语保持一致；但动词不是一般现在时或一 般过去时，疑问部分和主句的主语和谓语一致。 陈述部分的主句主语为第二、三人称时,后面 的疑问部分与主句的主语、谓语一致。I think the question is difficult, isn' titI don ' t think he can finish the work, canheWe had never thought that it was going to be so d

26、ifficult, hadn ' t weYou don' t think I am wrong, do you Nancy doesn' t believe that it is a good idea to buy the bigger computer, does she 5、祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后的附力口问句不表示反意.而表示一种 以。其结构为：(1) 否定祈使句，+will you(2)肯定祈使句，+ wil l/won ' t you(3) Let ' s，+shall we Letus,+ will/won ' t you(4)

27、 Let + 第三人称，+will you Open the door , will/won ' t you Let' s go out for a walk, shall we Let us go home now, will/won ' t you 6、回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则不管是陈述部分为否定，还是附加问句为否定， 回答时只看所提到的事情是否已/会发生。如 果发生了，用肯定回答，否用否定回答。如当 对方问你 You aren ' t a teacher , are you 或 You are a teacher , arent you 时，你只要听

28、懂you和teacher两个单词即可，如果你是老 师，回答 Yes, I am.否则，回答 No, I amnot.要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不要出现类似 于 Yes, I don ' t 或 No, I do.的形式。体验高考：must be helping the old man to water the flowers,BA. is he B. isn' t heC. must be D. mustn ' t he2. Sally ' s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theater, _ B A. ha

29、sn ' t sheB. has sheC. isn ' t she D. is she3. It ' s the first time that he has been to Australia,CA. isn ' t he B. hasn ' t heC. isn ' t it D. hasn ' t it四、省略一、定语从句中的省略现象定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that , which , whomlt可以省略。That is the naughty boy (whom/ that) we talked last week.二、状语

30、从句中的省略现象1 .当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致， 且从句中含be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的 主语和be动词，He won t come unless (he is) invited.I learned much of mechanics while (I was)at school. 机械2 .如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓 语动词部分没有be动词时，如果从句的谓语可 以用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词代替， 则可以省略主语，如：After she sang, she left the ri ch man' s house.After singing, she lef

31、t the rich man' shouse.3 .如果状语从句的主语和谓语部分是it is/ was时，it is / was可以省略，此时构成“连 词(if , unless , when, whenever 等)+ 形容词” 作状语。如：When ( it is ) necessary you can help us todo something.另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容， 此时可有“if +so/not ”省略句式。Get up early tomorrow. If not ( lf you don' t get up early) , you wil

32、l miss the first bus.He may not be at home then. If so ( If he is not at home) ,leave him a note.【注意】当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,问或也有这样的省略。Her father told her to be careful when( she was) crossing the street.这时从句中可出现如下结构：(1) 连词(as , as if , once) + 名词 Once( he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office

33、.(2) 连词(though , whether, wherj) + 形容词 Work hard when(you are) young, or you ' ll regret.(3)连词(whether , as if , while) + 介词短语 Helooked everywhere as if( he was)in search of something.(4) 连词(when , while , though) + 现在分词 When(I am) in trouble, I always turn to her for help.(5) 连词(when, if , even

34、 if , unless, once, than,as ) +过去分词The exhibition is more interesting than( it was) expected.(6)连词(as if , as though ) + 不定式He opened his lips as if( he were) to speak. 三、不定式的省略1 .单独使用不定式符号to，代替动词不定式后 被省略的部分，常用在be afraid, expect, forget,hope, intend,like,love,mean,prefer, refuse , seem,try,want,wish

35、 等后边。He invited me to have dinner with him, butI didn ' t want to (have dinner with him).2 .如果不定式中含有 be, have, have been , 通常保留be, have和have been。如： -Are you a sailor -He hasn' t finished yet.-No, but I used to be. -Well,heought to have.3 .不定式充当宾语补足语在see, hear, feel, watch, make, have 等感官动词和

36、使役动词后， 省略to，但在被动语态中须把to补上。例如； We saw the car stop. The car was seen to stop.4 .否定形式的省略用not to.-Shall I go instead of him-I prefer you not to .5 .不定式符号 to 用在 have, need, ought, be going , used 等后面I didn ' t want to go there, but I had to.6 .不定式符号to用在某些形容词，如 glad,happy,pleased,delighted 等后面。-Will

37、you join in the game-1 ' d be glad to .7.当but意为“除去，除开”，做介词时，前 有动词do,其后to多省略；前是其他动词，其 后则保留。Tom had nothing to do but have a rest.五、祈使句和感叹句一、祈使句1 .否定式和强调式Don t open the door.Never say that again.Please don' t forget to take your medicine. Do tell him when you see him.2 .带主语的祈使旬(1)为了加强语气或要特别指明向

38、谁提出命令 或要求时，需加主语“ you”，有时还可同时加 称呼语。Tom, you water the flowers.(2)命令/吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时，祈 使句需带主语“ you”，还可同时带称呼。You, girls, clean the desks; you,boys, sweep the floor.(3)在表达“不高兴，厌烦”，等情绪时，可 带主语“ you” oYou mind your own business!否定式为，要把don' t放在主语you之前， 如： Don' t you do that again.(4)祈使句的主语除了用“ you”外，还

39、可用 “everybody, everyone , somebody someone等，它们可以放在旬末。Be quiet , everyone !3 .祈使句+and +陈述句句=if .+主句Work hard and you will succeed= lf you work hard, you will succeed.二、感叹句1 .基本构成形式(1) What( +a/an) + 形容词+名词+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful picture it is!(2) How +形容词+ a/an +单数可数名词+主语 +谓语！How wonderful a plan yo

40、u have made!= What a wonderful plan you have made!【注意】 在复数可数名词和不可数名词之前不 可用“ how+形容词”构成感叹句，而只能用what。(正)What great changes we have had these years!(误)How great changes we have had these years!(正)What good news it is!(误) How good news it is!(3) How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语！How kind the girl is!How fluently she sp

41、eaks English!2 .省略形式的感叹句3 . (1) how 直接修饰谓语动词：How + 主语+ 谓语！How the wind blows! 风真大啊！(2)省略主语和谓语How interesting(it is)!What a clever boy (he is)!练一练：1 .D role she played in the film!No wonder she has won an Oscar.)A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting2. Mar

42、y,D hereeverybody else,stay where you are.A. comeB. comesC. to come D. coming 一、特殊句式试题演练 1.(2016 河北保定二模)Professor Salovery, who invented the term EQ, gives thefollowing description:At work,it isthe EQ that gets you promoted.2.（2016 天津.13 改编）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel that t

43、he coach picks up tourists.3. （2015 安徽合肥名校联考）It was not the word you said that angered ,but how you said it.4. （2015 天津 3） Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize（realize）that she has left the contract at home.5. （2014 陕西 17） No sooner had Mo Yan steeped on the stage than the audience

44、broke into thunderous applause.6. （2017江西师范大学附中模拟）Wasn t it the icy road rather than the drivers that was to blame for the series of trafficaccidents7. （2017 湖南五市十校联测）You should be fully prepared before going walking in the all, bring （bring）plenty of drinking water with you.8. （2016 江苏）Not until re

45、cently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the ruralareas.9. （2015 d匕京 31） If （you are ）accepted （accept ） for the job , you' ll be informed soon.10. （2016 北京 24） Observe （observe） carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.11. .（2016 重庆 10）

46、I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, didn ' t you 12.（ 2016 天津卷）Give me a chance,and I'll give you a wonderfulsurprise.13. （2017 四川宜宾二诊）"Only two centimeters higher, and you will break the world record, " encouraged

47、 the coach.14. （2016山东部分重点中学联考）Yes, of course they celebrate Christmas here, and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets, but there seem to be no signs of Christmas averts.15. （2017江西南昌三中检测）一Wheredid you have the discussion with Professor Snow It was in the classroom where we had a biology lesson that we had the discussion.16. （2017 安徽江南十校联考）With so many good friends together with you,you must have been happy during the past National Golden Week, weren' t you 二、强化训练1.短文改错 This morning,when I was walk