材料科学与工程专业英语短句词汇翻译前10课

1、材料科学与工程专业英语短句词汇翻译前10课Unitl:交叉学科 interdiscipline 力学性质 mechanical property介电常数 dielectric constant 电磁辐射 electro-magnetic radiation固体性质 solid materials 材料加工 processing of materials热容 heat capacity 弹性模量（模数）elastic coefficient1.直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。It was notuntil relatively recent times that sc

2、ientists came to understand the relationshipbetween the structural elements of materials and their properties .2.材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。Material engineering mainly to solve the problem and create material application. 3.材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能。Materials processing process is not only to de

3、 structure and decided that the materialcharacteristic and performance.4.材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的形变有关。Material mechanicalproperties with the external force or in de deformation of the load.Unit2:先进材料 advanced material 合金 metal alloys陶瓷材料 ceramic material 移植 implant to粘土矿物 clay minerals 玻璃纤维 glass fiber高

4、性能材料 high performance material 碳纳米管 carbon nanotub1、金属元素有许多有利电子，金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。Metallic materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons, many properties ofmetals are directly attributable to these electrons.2、许多聚合物材料是有机化合物，并具有大的分子结构。Many of polymers areorganic compounds, and they have ve

5、ry large molecular structures. 3、 半导体材料的典型特征介于导体材料(如金属、金属合金)与绝缘体(陶瓷材料和聚合体材料)之间。Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors ( viz. metals and metal alloys ) andinsulators ( viz. ceramics and polymers ).4、生物材料不能产生毒性，并且不许与人体组织互相兼容。Biomaterials must

6、notproduce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues.Unit3:微观结构 microstructure 电荷平衡 balanced electrical charge宏观结构macrostructure带正电子的原子核positively charge化学反应 chemical reaction nucleu原子量atomic1、从我们呼吸的空气到各种各样性质迥异的金属，成千上完中物质均是由100多种院子组成的o These same 100 atoms form thousands of different

7、 substances ranging from the air we breathe to the metal used to support tall buildings.2、事实证明金属原子是通过很强的键结合在一起的。The strength of metals suggests that these atoms are held togetherby strong bonds. 3、微观结构是指能够通过显微镜观察到的而不是用肉眼直接观 察到的结构，宏观是指可以直接用肉眼观察到的结构。Microstructure, which includes features that cannot

8、be seen with the naked eye, but using a microscope. Macrostructure includes features that can be seen with the naked eye.4、原子核中质子和中子的量的综合就是原子量。The atomic weight of an atom indicates how many protons and neutrons in the nucleus.Unit4:相转变温度重力加速度phase transformation temperatures the acceleration of gra

9、vity比重 specific gravity 磁导率 magnetic permeability熔点 the melting point 热导率 thermal conductivity1 .化学性质是用来描述一种物质是怎样变成另外一种完全不同的物质的性 质。Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.2 .相变是一种物理性质，并且物质存在四种相：固相、液相、气相和等离子体。Phase is a physical property of ma

10、tter and matter can exist in four phases ： solid , liquid , gas and plasma .3 .当温度低于熔点时，聚合物的晶体结构破坏，但其分子任然连接在分子链 上，从而形成一种柔软和柔顺性材料。Instead , at some temperature below the meltingpoint , they start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked in chains , which results in a soft a

11、nd pliable material.4 .在工程应用中，渗透率通常用相对值而不是绝对值表示。In engineering applications , permeability is often expressed in relative , rather than in absolute , terms .Unit5：实验样品 test specimen 临界应力 critical stress静负荷 static loading 屈服强度 yield strength作用力 applied force 应力面积 stress area垂直轴 normal axis 应力-应变曲线 st

12、ress-strain curve程应变 engineering strain1 .通常，温度低于室温时，金属合金的强度性质降低，而延展性、破碎韧度 和拉伸性能增强。Temperature above room temperature usually cause a decrease in the strength properties of metallic alloys.2 .从材料的角度来说，盈利是一种在材料内部所分布的力，他可以平衡所施的负荷并与其发生相互作用。From the perspective of what is happening within amaterial , st

13、ress is the internal distribution of forces within a body that balance andreact to the loads applied to it.3 .工程应变可定义为:所施加立方向上的材料的改变量与材料原始长度的比值。Engineering strain is defined as the amount of deformation in the direction of the applied force divided by the initial length of the material .4 .高强度和高延展性的

14、材料比低强度和地延展性的材料的韧性高。Amaterialwith high stress and high ductility will have more toughness than a material with low strength and low ductilityUnit6:国内生产总值GDP卫生保健health cane市场经济market economies材料科学与工程MSE社会问题societal issues国民生产总值GNP经济指数 economic index 人口增长率 population grouth rate1、然而，随着时间的变化，人类的革新与创造力，工

15、程师满足社会需求的能和建立工程企业的精神是永恒不变的。However, some things that have beenconstant over time are human innovation and creativity, theengineer* s ability toaddress societal needs , and the entrepreneurial spirit ofengineering. 2、我们可以看到医学、通信学和运输工业的革命给我们生活带来的 变化。We have witnessed the re-shaping of our lives throug

16、h revolution that have takenplace in medicine, telecommunications, and transportation industries. 3、18%的世界人口缺少安全饮用水，几乎40%缺少环境卫生设施。Eighteenpercent of the world1 s population lacks access to safe drinking water and nearly40% has no access to sanitation.4、材料与社会是相互联系的，并且我们应当认为材料科学工程的发展与影响 人类生存条件的全球社会问题存

17、在密切的关系，这是唯一理性的看法。Materials and society are interlinked, and it is only rational that we should see aclose relation between the MSE research agenda and societal issues that affect thehuman condition on the globe.Unit7:离域电子 delocalized electrons 核电荷 nuclear charge电子结构 e lectrical structure 导电性 e lectr

18、ical conductivity碱土金属 a Ikali-earth metals 价带 valence bands核电荷 nuclear charge 离子晶格 the ion latti化学电池 electrochemical cell1、金属有时被描述为由游离电子团包围的正离子品格。Metals are sometimesdescribed as a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons. 2、通常地，金属具有良好的导电性和导热性，具有金属 光泽，密度较大，并且具有在压力下变形而不

19、会断裂的能力。Metals in general have superior electric andthermal conductivity, high luster and density and the ability to be deformed under stress without cleaving.3、合金是指两种或两种以上的元素形成的固溶体混合物，其中主要组分为金 属。An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements in solid solution in which the major component is a metal.4

20、、不同比率的金属结合成为合金可以改变纯金属的性质，从而产生所需要的 性能。Combining different ratios of metals as alloys modifies the properties of pure metals to produe desirable characteristics.Unit8:面心立方晶体结构face-centered cubic涡轮入口温度TIT核反应堆 nuclear reactor 相稳定性 phase stability金属材料 metallic material 纳米粒子的合成 nanoparticle synthesis1、典型的

21、超耐热合金具有奥氏体的面心立方品体结构。Superalloys typically haean austenitic face-centered cubic crystal structure.2、根据超耐热合金的性质，超耐热合金的产品可以在高温和腐蚀环境中得到 应用。 Superalloys are used where there is a need for high temperature strength and corrosion/oxidation resistance.3、超耐热合金主要用于航天工业、潜水、核反应堆、军用发动机等方面。Thelargest applications

22、 of superalloys are the following: artcraft and industrial gas turbines; rocket engines; space vehicles; submarines;nuclear reactors; military electric motors and so on.4、高温下气态的氯化铝或氟化铝可以从超耐热合金内部转移到表面。Unit9:保护膜 protective film 电路 circuit自由电子 free electrons 电子转移 electron transfer金属离 广 metal cations 正极

23、反应 anodic reaction1、金和银这类金属在自然界中是以金属状态存在的，在环境中它们不容易被 腐蚀o Gold and silver can be found in the earth in their natural, metallic state, andthey have little tendency to corrode.2、氧化过程中从金属中夺取电子，而还原过程中金属得电子。Oxidation is theprocess of stripping electrons from an atom and reduction occurs when an electronis

24、 added to an atom.3、当金属表面处于湿润状态之后，在表面上的水层中会发生正负极之间的粒 子转移，这就是腐蚀。If the surface becomes wet, corrosion may take placethrough ionic exchange in the surface water layer between the anode and cathode. 4、通常情况下腐蚀的种类是根据被腐蚀后金属的外观来进行划分 的。Corrosion is commonly classified based on the appearance of the corrodedmaterial.UnitlO:玻璃转变温度 glass transition 离子共价键 ionic-covalent bondingt