第三讲被动语态

1、.第三讲被动语态.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1、We often use a recorder in our English class.2、They will show a new film next week.3、When did they build the house?4、I saw the boy enter the room.被动语态的变法不清，基本结构不明1.对于各个时态的被动语态谓语动词的基本结构掌握不清楚。2.一些特殊情况的主动表被动掌握不够。重难点：掌握八种常见时态的被动语态，并能根据不同情景，灵活运用被动语态。【知识总结归纳】一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句

2、子是被动语态。 二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换WeVisitedthat factorylast summer 主动语态 主语谓语宾语状语That factorywas visitedby us last summer 被动语态 主语谓语宾语状语主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中 by 的宾语。特殊情况： 主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词

3、通常 是介词 for 或 to。在短语 see sb. do sth. 中，动词 see 后跟不带 to 的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上 to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如 see, hear,watch,find 等，以及使役动词make, let 等。二、被动语态的用法1动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如：Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. The new test book will be used next term.2当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加

4、以强调时，要用被动语态。例如：This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.3含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主 语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的假设是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前那么需加介词 to 或 for。例如：The pianist gave the pupils间接宾语some advice直接宾语The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.Some a

5、dvice was given to the pupils by the pianist.4在主动语态句中动词 make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel 等后接动词不定式作宾语 补足语，动词不定式不加 to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上 to。例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day. They were made to work ten hours a day.A boy saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house.三 被动语态的构成形式1. 被动

6、语态的根本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由 be过去分词构成，be 随时态的变 化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1 am/is/are +done 过去分词 一般现在时 例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2 has /have been done 现在完成时例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3 am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例 A n

7、ew cinema is being built here4 was/were done 一般过去时例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5 had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6 was/were being done 过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was there.7 shall/w

8、ill be done 一般将来时例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8 should/would be done 过去将来时例 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.2. 被动语态的特殊构造形式1带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。 例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结

9、构中的一个宾语变为 主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4在使役动词 have, make,

10、get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词，“动词副词等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例 The meeting is to be put off t

11、ill Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态一般时态和完成时态 。 例 I dont like being laughed at in the public.3、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常 是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.y注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态那么强调外

12、界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock 指门本身有毛病The door wont be locked 指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁是人的原因2. 表示“发生、进展的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel,

13、 sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例 Your reason sounds reasonable4、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1 在 need，want，require, bear 等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含 义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例 The house needs repairingto be repaired这房子需要修理。2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式

14、。例 The picture-book is well worth readingThe picture-book is very worthy to be read.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1、We often use a recorder in our English class.2、They will show a new film next week.3、When did they build the house?4、I saw the boy enter the room.5、Will they show a new film next week?6、Have they post

15、ed the letter yet?7、The student should learn all the texts by heart.1. 肯定形式be+doneRice is grown here.疑问句be + 主语 + doneIs rice grown here?否定形式be+not+doneRice is not grown here.情态动词be doneThe work must be done.Now cabbage can be planted in autumn.2.牢记主动表被动的情况。1.break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，r

16、ead，write，wash 不变。2. 表示“发生、进行的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste, book, feel 等在 主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。4 在 need，want，require, bear 等词的后面，用动名词主动形式表示被动意义.1. A talk on Chi

17、nese history in the school hall next week .A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give2. To make our city more beautiful , rubbish into the river . A. neednt be thrownB. mustnt be thrownC. cant throwD. may not throw3. You may go fishing if your work .A. is doneB. will be doneC. has d

18、oneD. have done4. The trees must three times a week .A. waterB. is wateringC. be wateredD. waters5. I wont come to the party unless Sue , too . You mean if Sue comes youll come ?A. will inviteB. invitesC. invitedD. is invited6. I like my new bike . It very well .A. ridesB. is riding C. is riddenD. h

19、as ridden7. Mr. Chen has a loud voice . His voice can clearly even in that big classroom . A. hearB. be heardC. be hearingD. have heard8. Its time to do your homework , Jack . Yes , Mum . Ill turn off the TV as soon as the program . A. endsB. endC. will be endedD. will end9. You to the meeting , why

20、 didnt you go ?A. be invitedB. will be invitedC. were invitedD. are invited10. A lot of trees along the river last year .A. plantedB. are plantedC. were planted2.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:1、Can he speak English?2、What language speak in that country?3、The film show many times since last Sunday.4、These TV sets ma

21、ke in Sichuan.5、It has got so dark. Would you please turn on the light?6、A new hospital build in this area now.7、 the book return.8、Rice grow in the south.9、The window not break by the boy.10、I tell he not come just now.1.用正确的时态和语态填空1. Nearly everybody here knowwhen the old museum build.2. The build

22、ing can seefrom every part of the city ; It buildmany years ago .3. Yesterday Tom tellme that his bike breaklast week .4. The students often tellto take care of their desks and chairs .5. Now he beasked if the meeting holdnext Friday .6. It is known to all that the moon turnround the earth .7. Miss

23、Li often usea recorder in her English class . But she not useit tomorrow .8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits sellin this shop .9. English speakhere .10. The song likeby us all twenty years ago .2.选择填空:1. The reading room yesterday afternoon.A. cleanedB. is cleanedC. was cleaning D. was cleaned2. The workers were made ten hours a day.A.