刘炳善英国文学简史复习提纲

1、 本文供考研英国文学复习第二遍和第三遍的时候使用，第一遍要把教材细读一遍。很多人觉的文学学的乱七八糟，主要是因为脑子里没有一个清晰的纲领，在临考前脑子里要对文学有很清晰的纲领，这样就算复习的差不多了。有人又问？什么是纲领？比方说英国文学吧，你要知道英国文学大致分为多少个时期，每一个时期有什么总体特点，有什么总体的literary trend，然后这个时期有那些重要的作家，每一个重要的作家都写过什么重要的作品，这些重要的作品大致内容是什么，有什么意义，有什么写作特色，除了这些之外，再对根本的文学术语有所了解就差不多了。当然如果要求选读的，选读作品得另看。Part One: Early and M

2、edieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements此处可能会有填空，选择等小题2. Romance名词解释3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: a famous roman about King Arthurs story4. Ballad名词解释5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: fou

3、nder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)Part Two: The English Renaissance8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance填空选择9. Renaissance

4、名词解释10.Thomas MoreUtopia11. Sonnet名词解释12. Blank verse名词解释13. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene; Amoretti (collection of his sonnets) Spenserian Stanza名词解释14. Francis Bacon “essays esp. “Of Studies推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Fa

5、ustus and his achievements)16. William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。四大喜剧，四大悲剧比拟重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的悲剧作品是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读17. Ben Jonson个别戏剧的名字要能和人对上号，如Every Man in His Humor,二外好似在这里出过一道匹配题，但是不用看太具体。Part Three: The Period of

6、the English Bourgeois Revolution18. John Milton三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，具体情节在课本124页，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。对于Samson Agonistes要知道它是poetical drama，知道故事大概情节及其来源。另外129页到130页brief summary中5条要看。19. John BunyanThe Pilgrims Progress20.

7、 Founder of the Metaphysical schoolJohn Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images21. Andrew Marvell此人不重要，但他有一首名诗To His Coy Mistress22. John Dryden“All for Love(a tragedy); “An Essay of Dramatic Poesy(Literary criticism); forerunner of the Classicism in Br

8、itainPart Four: The Eighteen Century23. Enlightenment名词解释24. Classicism名词解释25. Richard Steele“The Tatler26. Joseph Addison“The Spectator这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一局部要仔细读。27. Steels and Addisons styles and their contributions28. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism, “

9、Essay on Man, “The Rape of Lock, “The Dunciad; his workmanship (features) and limitations29. Jonathan Swift: “Gullivers Travels此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个局部具体的挖苦对象; “The Drapiers Letters and “A Modest Proposal,后一篇比拟重要，要注意后一篇作者用的irony也就是反讽手法。30. The rise and growth of the realistic nov

10、el is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature.31. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe, “Moll Flanders,当然是Robinson Crusoe比拟重要，剧情要清楚，179页这一节最后一段，有Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。32. Samuel Richardson“

11、Pamela (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe, “Sir Charles Grandison33. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews, “Jonathan Wild, “Tom Jones第一个和第三个比拟重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比拟重要的作家，200页founder of the English Realistic novel局部要看，201页第3点features也要看，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel.34. Laurence Sterne“Trist

12、ram Shandy35. Richard Sheridan“The School for Scandal36. Samuel Johnson“Dictionary, “Letter to Lord Chesterfield (the writers declaration of independence)37. Oliver Goldsmith“The Traveller(poem), “The Deserted Village (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield (n

13、ovel), “The Good-Natured Man (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer (comedy), “The Citizen of the World (collection of essays)38. Edward Gibbon“The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire40. Sentimentalism名词解释41. Thomas Gray“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard英国诗歌里非常著名的一首，曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首(a representat

14、ive of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓园派诗人)*GraveyardSchool / Poets: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The vogue resulted i

15、n one of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Grays “Elegy written in a country churchyard. The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced some American poets. 42. In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-R

16、omanticism; representative: William Blake and Robert Burns.43. Thomas Percy“Reliques of Ancient English poetry许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的，这个集子是那个时代比拟有名的一个民谣集。44. William Blake比拟重要，需要对主要作品有所了解，特别是Songs of Innocence和 Songs of Experience,这两本集子的contrast一定要注意，另外Blake的写作特点也要注意，比方语言的简单明了，神秘主义气氛等。45. Robert Bu

17、rns伟大的苏格兰民族诗人, A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne等名诗，写作特点: Scottish dialect; a poet of peasant and Scottish people; plain language; influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads; musical quality of his poems.Part Five: Romanticism in England46. Romanticism名词解释要对浪漫主义兴起的时间，根源，主要特点，主要代表作家都有

18、所了解。47.William Wordsworth要知道他的 “Lyrical Ballads前言是英国浪漫主义时期开始的标志，也是宣言。Lake Poets名词解释。他诗歌的主要两类题材：nature and common peoples lives。写过的著名作品：I wandered lonely as a cloud; To the cuckoo; Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey; The solitary reaper; We are seven等等。48. Samuel Taylor Coleridge两首名诗：The

19、Rime of the Ancient Mariner; Kubla Khan主要写作supernatural题材。49. George Gordon Byron，Byronic Heroes (名词解释);著名作品：Child Harolds Pilgrimage要知道大致内容，另外此诗用Spenserian Stanza写成；Don Juan要知道大致内容，及其诗体attava rima。50. Percy Bysshe Shelley著名作品：Queen Mab; The Revolt of Islam; Prometheus Unboundlyrical drama，要知道大致内容及此

20、剧与古希腊的“被束缚的普罗米修斯不同之处及其意义。其它名作: Ode to the West Wind; To a skylark; One word is too often profaned等等。51. John Keats著名作品：Ode to Autumn; Ode to a Nightingale; Ode on a Grecian Urn。注意Keats与Byron和Shelley的不同，Keats的诗歌没有两人那么强的革命性，他的诗歌主要是为了缔造一个唯美的世界，为了追求美而写作的。52. Charles Lamb：The Essays of Elia (humorous, ar

21、chaisms, quotations from other writers)53. Walter Scott: founder and great master of the historical novel; his death marks the ending of Romantic Period in English literature; famous novels: Rob Roy, Ivanhoe; features of his novels (P322)Part Six: English Critical Realism54. Critical Realism批判现实主义，要

22、知道它兴起的时间，历史背景，主要代表人物及主要特点。55. Charles Dickens主要作品: The Pickwick Papers (first novel); Oliver Twist; Dombey and Son; David Copperfield; A Tales of Two Cities等等，对这些主要作品除了第一部以外剩下的要对情节，主要人物形象，主题及其意义有所了解，另外要知道狄更斯的小说的特色P362-P363。56. William Makepeace Thackeray主要作品即Vanity Fair要知道这个题目出自John Bunyan的The Pilgr

23、ims Progress，另外小说的副标题 “A novel without a hero的意思，小说的情节，主题，人物形象都要了解。57. Jane Austen主要作品：Pride and Prejudice其它5部小说在书上372页，知道名字即可，对于?傲慢与偏见?课本上介绍的不详细，可以找其它文学史书籍来简单看一下它的情节和主要人物。Austen的写作特点：thin plot, mostly everyday life of simle country society; good at writing young girls; modest satire; witty dialogue

24、s。58. Charlotte Bronte主要作品Jane Eyre，要知道其情节和意义，另外简爱的人物形象也比拟重要。59. Emily Bronte主要作品Wuthering Heights，情节，人物形象及意义。勃朗特姐妹的小说虽然写作在批判现实主义时期，但其作品有明显的浪漫主义特色，比方包含的一些supernatural elements，特别表达在吼叫山庄中。60. Mrs. Gaskell, one of the first English writers to describe the class struggle in a novel, famous novel: “Mary Barton.不需要看太详细。61. George Eliot主要作