英语诗歌分析方法

1、1. What is poetry? A literary form marked with stanzasWritten in lines Rich imagery Great artistic appeal Beautiful harmony Compressed content .lPoetry is a literary genre that communicates experience in the most condensed form.lPoetry is a multidimensional language: an intellectual dimension, an em

2、otional d, a sensuous d, and an imaginative d. These dimensions work together to pass experience to the reader. Poetry tries to say the most in the fewest possible words.lPoetry begins in delight, and ends in wisdom. Robert FrostlHe who draws noble delights from the sentiments of poetry is a true po

3、et, though he has never written a line in all his life. George Sand.lAside from the basic demand that poetry says something, poetry is characterized by the following elements:l1) a musical effect created by rhythm and sound;l2) a precise and fresh imagery;l3) multiple levels of interpretations sugge

4、sted by the connotations of the words and by allusions.Danti: Divine Comedy神曲Milton: Paradise Lost 失乐园 3) didactic poem（说理诗） humorous poem（幽默诗） burlesque （滑稽诗） parody （模仿诗） 2) Narrative Poems（叙事诗）（叙事诗） 1) Lyrical Poems（抒情诗）（抒情诗）4. Kinds of PoetryA. In terms of content :ode （颂诗） elegy（悼念诗）idyll（田园诗）l

5、ove poem（爱情诗）songs（韵文) ballads（民谣）Epics (史诗) ( heroic poems), Dramatic Poems （戏剧诗：usu. in dialogue ; in blank verse）, Metrical tale (故事诗)，ballads（民谣） Kinds of PoetryB. In terms of metre:1) Metrical Poems（格律诗）（格律诗）Regular Rhyme; Regular Rhythm; Definite Number of LinesFree Verse（自由诗）：（自由诗）：不受格律、音韵的约束

6、不讲求形式上的整齐或有规则，不寻求语言上的平衡、华美或高雅，以充分地、尽情地表达思想为主要目的。Irregular Rhyme and Rhythm; Irregular Number of LinesBlank Verse（无韵诗）：（无韵诗）：不押韵，但有音步和格 律的限制;传统的无韵诗的节奏是抑扬格五音步，各节长短不一，因而有“诗段”这个说法。Without Rhyme ; With Rhythm. - syllables and stress; 音节与重音音节与重音 Eg. My loves like a red,red rose, Thats newly sprung in June

7、. - foot: a group of syllables; 音步音步 (重音与非重音的一次交替) (number ， position of the stressed syllable.) - patterns of the foot: iambic(- ) 抑扬；trochaic( -)扬抑; dactylic ( - -)扬抑抑; amphibrachic(- - )抑抑扬; anapestic(- -)抑扬抑 - meter : the number of feet; 音步音步 ,格律格律 monometre,dimetre, trimetre, tetrametre,pentame

8、tre,. - rhythm: regular recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables. .lRhyme: In poetry or music, a structural or semantic pattern formed by the repetition of syllables with identical or similar sounds.l-alliteration: time and tide, bread and butter;l-end rhyme : boy,joybeauty,duty. -parallel R:

9、 aabb; -cross R: abab; -circular R: abba.l-inter-rhyme: wear and tear, fair and squair3. Rhythm （节奏） Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are!The sun is not abed when IAt night u pon my pil low lie4. Metre（格律）1) Iambus（抑扬格）Iambic Foot（抑扬音步）( Iambic Tetrametre or 4 - foot Iambus)（四步抑扬

10、格）（四步抑扬格）( Anapaestic Tetrametre or 4 - foot Anapaest)（四步抑抑扬格）（四步抑抑扬格）4. Metre（格律） 1) Iambus（抑扬格）Anapaestic Foot（抑抑扬音步）The stream will not flow, and the hill will not rise, And the co lours have all passed away from her eyes!2) Anapaest（抑抑扬格）4. Metre（格律） 1) Iambus（抑扬格） 2) Anapaest（抑抑扬格）Trochaic Foot

11、（扬抑音步）Shake your chains to earth like dew , Which in sleep had fallen on you - You are many - they are few .(Trochaic Tetrametre or 4 - foot Trochee)（四步扬抑格）（四步扬抑格）3) Trochee（扬抑格）Dactylic Foot（扬抑抑音步）a) Take her up tenderly , Lift her with care; b) This is a galloping measure a hop and a trot and a ga

12、llop ( Dactylic Hexametre or 6 - foot Dactyl )（六步扬抑抑格）（六步扬抑抑格）4. Metre（格律） 1) Iambus（抑扬格） 2) Anapaest（抑抑扬格） 3) Trochee（扬抑格）4) Dactyl（扬抑抑格）( Dactylic Bi-metre ) （两步扬抑抑格）（两步扬抑抑格）4. Metre（格律）1) Iambus（抑扬格）2) Anapaest（抑抑扬格3) Trochee（扬抑格）4) Dactyl（扬抑抑格）6) Spondee（扬扬格）7) Pyrric（抑抑格）5) Amphibrach（抑扬抑格）For

13、the dear God who loveth us （扬扬格）（抑抑格）（抑扬抑格）5. Foot（音步）Mono-metre （一音步）Bi-metre （二音步）Tri-metre （三音步）Tetrametre （四音步）Pentametre （五音步）Hexametre （六音步）Heptametre （七音步）Octametre （八音步）6. Sound Patterns（音韵）（音韵）C V C C V C C V C C V C C V C C V C C V C C V C C V C C V C Alliteration （头韵）Assonance （准韵）Para-rh

14、yme（侧韵）Reverse-rhyme（逆韵） Full rhyme（完全韵）take timetake latetake liketake tooktake taletake lakeC V C C V C C V C C V C C V C C V C C V C C V C Consonance （谐韵）C V C C V C C V C C V C C V C C V C 7. Alliteration:phantom fathom ; psychology simplea) To give emphasis:might and main ; fit as a fiddleb) To

15、 connect ideas:Please pick up the pretty pink pills for pale people.c) To connect actions:The fighter fled into the field, and, foremost fighting , fell.8. Rhyme:Home foam ; chair thereInternal rhyme（行内韵行内韵:一行内有符合押韵规一行内有符合押韵规则的两个或多个词；增加诗的音乐性，也可使得则的两个或多个词；增加诗的音乐性，也可使得几个词在意思上联系起来。几个词在意思上联系起来。）I am the

16、 daughter of the Earth and Water. (Shelley)We plough and sow-were so very, very low. (Ernest Jones)Ah, distinctly I remember it as in the bleak December. ( Poe ) If all be true that I do think.There are five reasons we should drink :c) Feminine Rhyme（阴韵: 重读音节后还有轻读音节 的词押韵。）(1) What is fame? An empty

17、bubble. Gold? A transient, shining trouble.(2) Rise like lions after slumber, In unvvanquishable number.(3) Oh! ye immortal Gods! what is theogony? （i:ni 神谱,神统系,记述神的史诗） Oh! thou, too, mortal man! what is philanthropy?b) Masculine Rhyme（阳韵:单音节词和重读在后的双音节或更多音节的词押韵。）d) Monosyllabic Rhyme（单音节韵）:Hour tour

18、 ; now know ; dear bear ; save have e) Bisyllabic Rhyme （双音节韵） :f) Trisyllabic Rhyme （三音节韵） :g) Eye rhyme（眼韵）:I / fly ; fool / rule ; write / fight ; again / remain /sustainborrow / sorrow ; daughter /water ; conversation /compensationRoman / no man ; know it / show it beautiful / dutiful ; think of

19、 it / drink of it9. Rhyme Scheme:1) aabb（连续韵）:Work while you work, and play while you play, aFor that is the way to be happy and gay. a All that you do, do with your might, bThings done by halves are never done right. b2) abab（交叉韵）:How do you like to go up in a swing. a Up in the air so blue? bOh, I

20、 do think it the pleasantest thing a Ever a child can do! b3) abba（首尾韵）:I hold it true , whateer befall ; aI feel it when I sorrow most ; bTis better to have loved and lost bThan never to have loved at all. a4) abcb（二四韵）:Spring is green, aSummer is bright, bAutumn is gold , cWinter is white. b A sta

21、nza is a group of lines ( of any number of lines, most frequently of four lines ) bound together by an end rhyme. ffppt10. Stanza:11. Sonnet:1) Italian Sonnet（意大利体十四行诗）2) Spenserian Sonnet（斯宾塞体十四诗）3) Shakespearian Sonnet（莎士比亚体十四行诗）1) Italian Sonnet(Francesco Petrarch)The poetry of earth is never dea

22、d : aWhen all the birds are faint with the hot sun, bAnd hide in cooling trees, a voice will run bFrom hedge to hedge about the new-mown mead; aThat is the Grasshoppers - he takes the lead aIn summer luxury, - he has never done bWith his delights; for when tired out with fun bHe rests at ease beneat

23、h some pleasant weed. aThe poetry of earth is ceasing never : cOn a lone winter evening, when the frost dHas wrought a silence, from the stove there shrills e The Crickets song, in warmth increasing ever, cAnd seems to one in drowsiness half lost, dThe Grasshoppers among some grassy hills. ean octav

24、e + a sestet2) Spenserian Sonnet(Edmund Spenser )3 quatrains + a coupletFor loe my love doth in her selfe containe bAll this worlds riches that may farre be found. cIf saphyres, loe her eyes be saphyres plaine: bIf rubies, loe her lips be rubies sound; cIf pearls, her teeth be pearls both pure and r

25、ound; cIf yvorie, her forehead yvory weene; dIf gold, her locks are finest gold on ground; c If silver, her fair hands are silver sheene. dBut that which fairest is, but few behold: eHer mind, adorned with vertues manifold. eYe trade full merchants, that with weary toyle aDo seeke nost pretious thin

26、gs to make your gain, bAnd both the Indians of their treasures spoile, aFor loe my love doth in her selfe containe b3) Shakespearian Sonnet ShakespearSometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, cAnd often is his gold complexion dimmd; dAnd every fair from fair sometime declines , cBy chance, or natures changing course, untrimmd. d3 quatrains + a co