中文硫化氢培训教材FPSO

1、1General Safety Information硫化氢硫化氢基本常识及基本常识及一般安全信息一般安全信息Training CourseH2SBasic Awareness and 2Introduction介绍Ignorance breeds fear. The purpose of this training is to present the facts about Hydrogen Sulfide in order to eliminate the element of fear when working in an H2S environment.无知会导致恐惧。这培训目的是为了

2、员工了解硫化氢性质以消除在硫化氢工作环境中的恐惧感。A common hazard associated with the production and processing of oil and gas is the potential for exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which is highly toxic.潜在的暴露于剧毒硫化氢是石油和天然气的生产处理过程中的常见危害。 Accidents and incidents involving H2S can be prevented by good engineering, job planni

3、ng, training and the proper use of personnel protective equipment.硫化氢意外事件和事故都可以通过好的工程控制措施，工作计划，培训和正确使用个人保护设备来预防它们的发生。3General Safety Information一般安全信息一般安全信息lHydrogen Sulfide is a highly toxic, invisible, and explosive gas, which is heavier than air. H2S is sometimes present in natural gas and is per

4、haps the most dangerous gas encountered in field petroleum operations.l硫化氢是剧毒，无色，易爆炸气体。它的比重比空气重。硫化氢有时存在于天然气中, 是石油开采作业中的最主要的危险气体。lHydrogen sulfide may be present in natural gas produced alone or in combination with crude oil.l硫化氢可能单独出现在天然气里也可能混合在原油内出现。lConcentration may range from 0.1ppm to a level t

5、hat will result in sudden death.l它的浓度可以从0.1ppm 到能导致人迅速死亡的浓度。4Requirement/Guideline要求要求/方针方针lIt is imperative that all personnel who may be exposed to H2S receive ongoing training on the source and hazards of H2S. This training must at least cover the following topics:l必须对所有可能接触硫化氢的人员进行硫化氢的来源和危害培训。培训

6、至少要包括以下主题：lBasic awareness of H2S l硫化氢的基本常识lPlaces where H2S is likely to accumulate.l什么地方容易积聚硫化氢lProcedures for testing and measuring H2S concentration.l探测和测量硫化氢浓度的程序 lThe use of self-contained or air supplied breathing apparatus.l怎样使用自供气式空气呼吸器5Where H2S may be present on FPSO 在我们油轮哪里可能出现硫化氢在我们油轮哪里

7、可能出现硫化氢lFPSO6Sources of Possible H2S Releases可能出现硫化氢释放的源头可能出现硫化氢释放的源头lSeals 密封lFittings 连接装置lFlanges 法兰lProcess vessels (condensers)l生产容器（冷凝器）lDrains Sample valves排水沟 取样阀lRuptures 断裂7Other H2S gas potential industries其它有可能存在硫化氢的产业其它有可能存在硫化氢的产业lAnimal fat & food processorsl动物脂肪和食品加工厂lFishing vess

8、elsl鱼船lLivestock farmersl家畜农场lMining industryl矿业lNatural gas productionl天然气生产lSeptic tanks & sewage plantsl腐烂物的容器 和污水处理厂lTunnel workl隧道作业8H2S gas key points硫化氢气体的要点Extremely toxic 剧毒Colourless 无色Heavier than air 比空气重Readily disperses by the wind 易被风吹散Smells like rotten eggs in small concentratio

9、ns在低浓度时有类似臭鸡蛋的气味。Highly corrosive to certain materials对一些材料具有高腐蚀性。Burns with a blue flame and produces SO2燃烧时有蓝色火焰产生二氧化硫Ignition temperatures 260 deg. 燃点在260度9Hydrogen Sulfide Physical Properties硫化氢的物理性质硫化氢的物理性质lHydrogen sulfide is colorlessl硫化氢没有颜色lHeavier than air in pure concentrationl比重比空气重lCan

10、be lighter when mixed with other gases.l混合其它气体可以比空气轻lIn small concentrations it smells like rotten eggs.l在低浓度时有臭鸡蛋的气味lH2S is very explosivel硫化氢是易爆气体lCritical temperature is 212 deg.fl临界温度在212度lCritical perssure is 1306 PSI l临界压力在1306PSIlAutomatic ignition 500 deg.fl自燃点在500度10H2S gas toxicity table硫化

11、氢的毒性表硫化氢的毒性表l0.13 ppm Minimum perceptible odorl最小在0.13PPM可以察觉到气味。l10 ppm Beginning eye irritation在10PPMl10PPM时眼睛开始感到不舒服。l100 ppm Loss of sense of smell. Coughingl在100PPM时嗅觉被损伤，咳嗽。l500 Loss of consciousness possible death within an hourl在500PPM时失去意识，一小时内可能死亡。l700 ppm Rapid loss of consciousness and r

12、espirationl在700PPM时迅速地失去意识和呼吸。l1000 ppm Unconscious at once death occur almost at oncel 在1000PPM时几乎立刻死亡。11What is the unit ppm?PPM是什么单位？lPPM = parts per millionlPPM=1/百万l1 ppm corresponds to 1 mm in I kilometrel1 ppm 相当于1公里中的1毫米l1 ppm = 0.0001%l20ppm = 0.002%l1000ppm = 0.1%12H2S gas effect硫化氢的影响硫化氢的

13、影响lThe effect on individuals depend on the following factors 对个人的影响取决于以下因素lDuration 持续时间持续时间The length of time the individual is exposed 暴露时间的长短lFrequency 频率频率 Number of times the individual has been exposed.暴露的次数lIntensity 强度强度The concentration level 接触的浓度lPersonal factors 各人因素各人因素Individual suscep

14、tibility and physiological condition 各人的感受性和生理状况13H2S gas exposure limits硫化氢的暴露极限硫化氢的暴露极限lOccupational Safety and health 职业安全和健康lAdministration (OSHA) has allowed for H2S: 职业安全和健康管理部门允许的时间* 8 hour TWA = 10 PPM 8-小时（TWA)= 10 PPM * 10 min STEL = 15 PPM 10-分钟(STEL)= 15 PPM TWA: Time Weighed Average 时间加

15、权平均 STEL: Short Term Exposure Limit 短期暴露极限 H2S TLV = 10 PPM; Lethal limit: 600 ppm 硫化氢 时间界限值10PPM: 致命界限：600M14H2S gas explosive range硫化氢气体的爆炸范围硫化氢气体的爆炸范围lDiesel = 1 1.2%l柴油1-1.2%lGasoline = 1 7%l汽油 H2S gas = 4.3- 46%l硫化氢气体4.3-46% 15When burning H2S gas当硫化氢气体燃烧当硫化氢气体燃烧lComplete: 完全燃烧 2 H2S + 3 O2 2 S

16、O2 + 2 H2O lIncomplete: 不完全燃烧2 H2S + O2 2 H2O + 2S16Sulphide Stress Cracking SSC破裂破裂lBrittle failure by cracking under the combined action of tensile stress and corrosion in the presence of water and H2S.l有水和硫化氢存在,张应力和腐蚀会导致脆化破裂。lWhen hydrogen molecules are formed from the hydrogen ions and the elect

17、rons a volume expansion takes place。l当氢离子和电子结合生成氢原子其体积发生膨胀。17Hydrogen Atom 氢原子 Hydrogen sulfide can cause damage even catastrophic failure in high strength components. 硫化氢的破坏作用能使一些高强度的零部件造成重大损害。 The presence of hydrogen sulfide tends to cause hydrogen atoms to enter the metal rather than form hydrog

18、en molecules that can not enter the metal. 硫化氢的存在可以促使氢原子进入金属内部。 The hydrogen atom migrate into the steel， When two hydrogen atoms come together I the steel structure, a hydrogen molecule is formed and will cause an expansion. 氢原子在钢铁内部移动与另一个氢原子结合形成分子然后膨胀。硫化氢的腐蚀性硫化氢的腐蚀性1819H2S gas detectors and other

19、detectors硫化氢气体探测器和其他探测器硫化氢气体探测器和其他探测器l“Dont reply on human sense to detect H2S”l不要依靠人的感觉来探测硫化氢lDetector systems are:探测系统有：Fixed systems 固定探测系统Portable detectors 手提式探测器Personal detectors 个人佩戴式探测器20Protection Equipment保护设备lSelf Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)l自供气式呼吸器 Approx. 30 minutes duration f

20、rom air cylinder or continuous supply from cascade system 气瓶供气可用30分钟另可以接气站供气。lWork/Escape Unit l工作/逃生 类型 Approx. 10 minutes duration from air cylinder or continuous supply from cascade system 气瓶供气可用10分钟另可以接气站供气。21Measures To Prevent Exposures控制暴露的措施lAdopt a standard work procedurel采用一个标准的工作程序lStop a

21、nd study the area before enteringl在进入该区域前进行观察lDo not guess about the H2S concentrationl不要猜想硫化氢的浓度lWear a SCBA if you enter a suspect areal如果怀疑有硫化氢，必须穿戴呼吸器。lPay attention to wind direction at all timesl在任何时候都要留意观察风向lImplement safety contingency and emergency plans as requiredl必须遵守有关的安全紧急程序。22Duties u

22、pon H2S alarm and response procedure硫化氢警报和应急程序Under evaluation and investigation if it is required which may be depend on the concentration of H2SOn hearing H2S alarm, all personnel are required to don BA sets and report to their muster stations as indicated on the emergency duty cards or instructed

23、 by Safety Officer in the safety briefing. 当听到硫化氢警报时，所有人员必须穿好呼吸器到你的应急职责卡上所指定的地点集合或者根据安全官向你介绍的程序做。23Alarms on the FPSO油轮上的警报lAt 5 ppm measured in the air, in a specific area, an internal alarm will start in the CCR at the central monitor.l当某个区域的硫化氢浓度达到5 ppm时，中控室响起警报并进行监控。lAt 10 ppm an external alarm

24、will start automatically in all areas of the FPSO.l当硫化氢浓度达到10 ppm时整个油轮会自动响起警报。lAlarm signals 警报信号l1.Variable tone and blue strobe light. l变声调的警报声伴随着蓝色闪灯 l2. Announcement over the PA- System. “TOXIC GAS 有毒气体” etc.l广播系统开始广播“TOXIC GAS 有毒气体”等lAll personnel on the FPSO will act according to the Emergency

25、 response procedurel所有人员必须遵从油轮应急反应程序。24Life saving first aid救生与急救lPut on Breathing Apparatus BEFORE attempting a rescue, or you will be a victiml在营救伤者前你自己要穿戴好呼吸器，否则你也将成为受害者。lFirst, move the victim into fresh air.l首先把伤员转移到有新鲜空气的地方lThen, check immediately for signs of breathing. Give artificial respir

26、ation, if necessary.l马上检查伤员有没有呼吸。如果需要对其进行人工呼吸。lCheck for pulse, administer cardio-pulmonary resuscitation if necessary.l检查伤员的脉搏，如果需要对其进行心肺复苏。lKeep the victim warm.l对伤员进行保温lAfter evacuating the victim, even if heart and breathing seem normal, he/she must be kept under constant observation, until the

27、arrival of medical assistance.l转移伤员，即使伤员的心肺功能已经恢复也必须对他/她进行观察直到医生或者营救人员到达。25Tips for Check list安全提示检查表安全提示检查表1.Do not smoke if there is any possibility of H2S. 禁止在有可能出现硫化氢的场所吸烟2.Do not trust your sense of smell 不能轻信你嗅觉3.Be ware of protection equipment stations, and competent in its use. 熟悉防护设备的位置，并会使

28、用这些设备。4. Before entering an area where there may be H2S, put on breathing apparatus and use a detector to monitor the level 在进入可能有硫化氢场所前，穿戴好呼吸器并使用探测器监控硫化氢的浓度。5.Us a constant monitoring device in working area if there is any possibility of H2S. 对可能有硫化氢的工作场所使用持续不间断的监控装置。6. Always wear B.A. when working in an area where the conc