语法专题：名词1

1、语法专题复习语法专题复习语法专题复习语法专题复习语法专题复习语法专题复习名词名词名词名词名词名词 一一一一一一. . .可数名词和不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词 名词可以分名词可以分名词可以分名词可以分名词可以分名词可以分可数可数可数可数可数可数名词和名词和名词和名词和名词和名词和不可数不可数不可数不可数不可数不可数名词。名词。名词。名词。名词。名词。一般说来，一般说来，一般说来，一般说来，一般说来，一般说来，可数名词表具体个别存在的可数名词表具体个别存在的可数名词表具体个别存在的可数名词表具体个别存在的可数名词表

2、具体个别存在的可数名词表具体个别存在的事物事物事物事物事物事物，如：人、物体、动植物、团体及，如：人、物体、动植物、团体及，如：人、物体、动植物、团体及，如：人、物体、动植物、团体及，如：人、物体、动植物、团体及，如：人、物体、动植物、团体及总体中的部分。总体中的部分。总体中的部分。总体中的部分。总体中的部分。总体中的部分。不可数名词表不能个别不可数名词表不能个别不可数名词表不能个别不可数名词表不能个别不可数名词表不能个别不可数名词表不能个别存在的事物存在的事物存在的事物存在的事物存在的事物存在的事物，例如：物质形态、抽象概，例如：物质形态、抽象概，例如：物质形态、抽象概，例如：物质形态、抽象

3、概，例如：物质形态、抽象概，例如：物质形态、抽象概念。念。念。念。念。念。区分可数名词和不可数名词，单纯区分可数名词和不可数名词，单纯区分可数名词和不可数名词，单纯区分可数名词和不可数名词，单纯区分可数名词和不可数名词，单纯区分可数名词和不可数名词，单纯靠数数的方法并不十分准确靠数数的方法并不十分准确靠数数的方法并不十分准确靠数数的方法并不十分准确靠数数的方法并不十分准确靠数数的方法并不十分准确。1. 1. 1.可数名词和不可数名词用法的区别可数名词和不可数名词用法的区别可数名词和不可数名词用法的区别可数名词和不可数名词用法的区别可数名词和不可数名词用法的区别可数名词和不可数名词用法的区别:

4、: :1)1)1)可数名词可以被可数名词可以被可数名词可以被可数名词可以被可数名词可以被可数名词可以被 a/an a/an a/an 修饰，且有复数修饰，且有复数修饰，且有复数修饰，且有复数修饰，且有复数修饰，且有复数形式，而不可数名词不可以被形式，而不可数名词不可以被形式，而不可数名词不可以被形式，而不可数名词不可以被形式，而不可数名词不可以被形式，而不可数名词不可以被 a/an a/an a/an 修饰，修饰，修饰，修饰，修饰，修饰，且没有复数形式。例如：且没有复数形式。例如：且没有复数形式。例如：且没有复数形式。例如：且没有复数形式。例如：且没有复数形式。例如： a book, wate

5、r, a job, work, stones. a book, water, a job, work, stones. a book, water, a job, work, stones. 2) 2) 2) 基数词可以修饰可数名词基数词可以修饰可数名词基数词可以修饰可数名词基数词可以修饰可数名词基数词可以修饰可数名词基数词可以修饰可数名词 (three (three (three books)books)books)， 不可以直接修饰不可数名不可以直接修饰不可数名不可以直接修饰不可数名不可以直接修饰不可数名不可以直接修饰不可数名不可以直接修饰不可数名词词词词词词 :three paper(

6、:three paper( :three paper( ) ) )。 但不可数名词前但不可数名词前但不可数名词前但不可数名词前但不可数名词前但不可数名词前加上量词后则可以被基数词修饰。加上量词后则可以被基数词修饰。加上量词后则可以被基数词修饰。加上量词后则可以被基数词修饰。加上量词后则可以被基数词修饰。加上量词后则可以被基数词修饰。例如：例如：例如：例如：例如：例如： a piece of paper/an item of news/an a piece of paper/an item of news/an a piece of paper/an item of news/an articl

7、e of clothing/a bit of wood/ article of clothing/a bit of wood/ article of clothing/a bit of wood/ a piece of furniture/a bar of chocolate/a a piece of furniture/a bar of chocolate/a a piece of furniture/a bar of chocolate/a loaf of bread loaf of bread loaf of bread 3)3)3)某些限定词只能修饰可数名词，某些某些限定词只能修饰可数

8、名词，某些某些限定词只能修饰可数名词，某些某些限定词只能修饰可数名词，某些某些限定词只能修饰可数名词，某些某些限定词只能修饰可数名词，某些则只能修饰不可数名词，而某些则既能则只能修饰不可数名词，而某些则既能则只能修饰不可数名词，而某些则既能则只能修饰不可数名词，而某些则既能则只能修饰不可数名词，而某些则既能则只能修饰不可数名词，而某些则既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词。例如：例如：例如：例如：例如：例如： 只能修饰可数名词的有：只能修

9、饰可数名词的有：只能修饰可数名词的有：只能修饰可数名词的有：只能修饰可数名词的有：只能修饰可数名词的有：many, few, a many, few, a many, few, a number of number of number of 只能修饰不可数名词的有：只能修饰不可数名词的有：只能修饰不可数名词的有：只能修饰不可数名词的有：只能修饰不可数名词的有：只能修饰不可数名词的有：much ,little, a large amount of , a great much ,little, a large amount of , a great much ,little, a large a

10、mount of , a great deal of deal of deal of 既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的有：词的有：词的有：词的有：词的有：词的有：some, any ,plenty of ,a lot of , some, any ,plenty of ,a lot of , some, any ,plenty of ,a lot of , a large quantity of a large quantity o

11、f a large quantity of Nouns Countable or uncountable Single or plural Set phrases Meanings 1 1 1）基数词（包括）基数词（包括）基数词（包括）基数词（包括）基数词（包括）基数词（包括 bothbothboth）不能修饰成双成对）不能修饰成双成对）不能修饰成双成对）不能修饰成双成对）不能修饰成双成对）不能修饰成双成对以复数形式出现的名词：以复数形式出现的名词：以复数形式出现的名词：以复数形式出现的名词：以复数形式出现的名词：以复数形式出现的名词：clothes, trousers, clothes, t

12、rousers, clothes, trousers, glasses . glasses . glasses . 不能说：不能说：不能说：不能说：不能说：不能说：two clothes, three trousers two clothes, three trousers two clothes, three trousers 但这些词可以被不定量的限定词修饰但这些词可以被不定量的限定词修饰但这些词可以被不定量的限定词修饰但这些词可以被不定量的限定词修饰但这些词可以被不定量的限定词修饰但这些词可以被不定量的限定词修饰: : : some trousers, many glasses some

13、 trousers, many glasses some trousers, many glasses 也可以表个体：也可以表个体：也可以表个体：也可以表个体：也可以表个体：也可以表个体：a pair of trousers , a a pair of trousers , a a pair of trousers , a pair of glasses, a suit of clothes pair of glasses, a suit of clothes pair of glasses, a suit of clothes 然而，然而，然而，然而，然而，然而，shoes/socks sh

14、oes/socks shoes/socks 虽然成双，却可以分虽然成双，却可以分虽然成双，却可以分虽然成双，却可以分虽然成双，却可以分虽然成双，却可以分开，因此可以被基数词（包括开，因此可以被基数词（包括开，因此可以被基数词（包括开，因此可以被基数词（包括开，因此可以被基数词（包括开，因此可以被基数词（包括 bothbothboth）修饰。）修饰。）修饰。）修饰。）修饰。）修饰。 如：如：如：如：如：如：one shoe, both shoes, a pair of shoes, one shoe, both shoes, a pair of shoes, one shoe, both sho

15、es, a pair of shoes, many shoes. many shoes. many shoes. 2 2 2）有些不可数名词有相应的名词表其个）有些不可数名词有相应的名词表其个）有些不可数名词有相应的名词表其个）有些不可数名词有相应的名词表其个）有些不可数名词有相应的名词表其个）有些不可数名词有相应的名词表其个体。如：体。如：体。如：体。如：体。如：体。如： bread - a loaf bread - a loaf bread - a loaf work - a job work - a job work - a job clothing - a garment clothi

16、ng - a garment clothing - a garment poetry - a poem poetry - a poem poetry - a poem traffic - a vehicle traffic - a vehicle traffic - a vehicle jewellery jewellery jewellery - a jewel - a jewel - a jewel advice a suggestion advice a suggestion advice a suggestion machinery a machine machinery a mach

17、ine machinery a machine二二二二二二. . .同一名词作可数名词和不可数名词的同一名词作可数名词和不可数名词的同一名词作可数名词和不可数名词的同一名词作可数名词和不可数名词的同一名词作可数名词和不可数名词的同一名词作可数名词和不可数名词的意义差别：意义差别：意义差别：意义差别：意义差别：意义差别： 1 1 1）某些名词在不同的场合下分别用作可）某些名词在不同的场合下分别用作可）某些名词在不同的场合下分别用作可）某些名词在不同的场合下分别用作可）某些名词在不同的场合下分别用作可）某些名词在不同的场合下分别用作可数名词或不可数名词，分别表不同的意数名词或不可数名词，分别表不同

18、的意数名词或不可数名词，分别表不同的意数名词或不可数名词，分别表不同的意数名词或不可数名词，分别表不同的意数名词或不可数名词，分别表不同的意义。例如：义。例如：义。例如：义。例如：义。例如：义。例如： 1.Paper1.Paper1.Paper was first made by the ancient was first made by the ancient was first made by the ancient Chinese. Chinese. Chinese. 2.Each student has got a test 2.Each student has got a test

19、2.Each student has got a test paper.paper.paper. 3.The hall is beautiful with all the 3.The hall is beautiful with all the 3.The hall is beautiful with all the doors made of doors made of doors made of glassglassglass. . . 4.The waiter brought me 4.The waiter brought me 4.The waiter brought me a gla

20、ssa glassa glass and and and poured milk into it.poured milk into it.poured milk into it.5. The cottage is on 5. The cottage is on 5. The cottage is on firefirefire. . . 6. The girl is learning how to make 6. The girl is learning how to make 6. The girl is learning how to make a a a firefirefire. .

21、. 7. The house is being pulled down to 7. The house is being pulled down to 7. The house is being pulled down to make make make roomroomroom for the new highway. for the new highway. for the new highway. 8. The couple will move into a new 8. The couple will move into a new 8. The couple will move in

22、to a new roomroomroom. . . 9. Women usually pay more attention to 9. Women usually pay more attention to 9. Women usually pay more attention to dressdressdress than men do . than men do . than men do . 10. She has longed for an evening 10. She has longed for an evening 10. She has longed for an even

23、ing dress.dress.dress.2 2 2） 有些名词，尤其是物质名词，作不有些名词，尤其是物质名词，作不有些名词，尤其是物质名词，作不有些名词，尤其是物质名词，作不有些名词，尤其是物质名词，作不有些名词，尤其是物质名词，作不可数名词表事物的概念，而做可数名词可数名词表事物的概念，而做可数名词可数名词表事物的概念，而做可数名词可数名词表事物的概念，而做可数名词可数名词表事物的概念，而做可数名词可数名词表事物的概念，而做可数名词时表时表时表时表时表时表事物的个体事物的个体事物的个体事物的个体事物的个体事物的个体，其复数形式往往表，其复数形式往往表，其复数形式往往表，其复数形式往往表，

24、其复数形式往往表，其复数形式往往表事事事事事事物的种类物的种类物的种类物的种类物的种类物的种类。例如；。例如；。例如；。例如；。例如；。例如； 1.Mike is a handsome boy with black 1.Mike is a handsome boy with black 1.Mike is a handsome boy with black hairhairhair. The young man has got quite a few . The young man has got quite a few . The young man has got quite a few

25、grey grey grey hairshairshairs. . . 2. The doctor advised eating some 2. The doctor advised eating some 2. The doctor advised eating some fruit fruit fruit after a meal. after a meal. after a meal. There are different kinds of There are different kinds of There are different kinds of fruits fruits f

26、ruits for for for you to choose from. you to choose from. you to choose from. 3. He likes his 3. He likes his 3. He likes his coffeecoffeecoffee served with milk. served with milk. served with milk. Waiter, Waiter, Waiter, two coffeestwo coffeestwo coffees , please. , please. , please. 3) 3) 3) 有些不可

27、数名词在作可数名词时常常有些不可数名词在作可数名词时常常有些不可数名词在作可数名词时常常有些不可数名词在作可数名词时常常有些不可数名词在作可数名词时常常有些不可数名词在作可数名词时常常以复数形式出现表示更为扩大的意义。以复数形式出现表示更为扩大的意义。以复数形式出现表示更为扩大的意义。以复数形式出现表示更为扩大的意义。以复数形式出现表示更为扩大的意义。以复数形式出现表示更为扩大的意义。例如：例如：例如：例如：例如：例如： 1. There is life where there is 1. There is life where there is 1. There is life where

28、there is waterwaterwater. . . Fish are no longer found in the polluted Fish are no longer found in the polluted Fish are no longer found in the polluted waterswaterswaters. . . Our ship is sailing in theOur ship is sailing in theOur ship is sailing in the waters waters waters of the of the of the Ea

29、st China Sea. East China Sea. East China Sea. 2. The children were playing with 2. The children were playing with 2. The children were playing with sandsandsand all afternoon. all afternoon. all afternoon. He walked along the He walked along the He walked along the sandssandssands, enjoying the , en

30、joying the , enjoying the setting sun. setting sun. setting sun. 3. The road was covered with 3. The road was covered with 3. The road was covered with snowsnowsnow. . . We could see We could see We could see snowssnowssnows here and there at here and there at here and there at the top of the mounta

31、in. the top of the mountain. the top of the mountain. 4) 4) 4) 有些不可数名词，特别是表示自然现有些不可数名词，特别是表示自然现有些不可数名词，特别是表示自然现有些不可数名词，特别是表示自然现有些不可数名词，特别是表示自然现有些不可数名词，特别是表示自然现象的名词，常可以和不定冠词和形容词象的名词，常可以和不定冠词和形容词象的名词，常可以和不定冠词和形容词象的名词，常可以和不定冠词和形容词象的名词，常可以和不定冠词和形容词象的名词，常可以和不定冠词和形容词连用，表单数概念。例如：连用，表单数概念。例如：连用，表单数概念。例如：连用，

32、表单数概念。例如：连用，表单数概念。例如：连用，表单数概念。例如： a heavy rain/ a heavy snow/ a heavy a heavy rain/ a heavy snow/ a heavy a heavy rain/ a heavy snow/ a heavy smoke/ a good sweat/ a thick fog/ a good smoke/ a good sweat/ a thick fog/ a good smoke/ a good sweat/ a thick fog/ a good light/ a great fire/ a clear skylig

33、ht/ a great fire/ a clear skylight/ a great fire/ a clear sky三三三三三三. . .用作可数名词的用作可数名词的用作可数名词的用作可数名词的用作可数名词的用作可数名词的 抽象名词抽象名词抽象名词抽象名词抽象名词抽象名词 1. 1. 1.抽象名词一般是不可数名词，但抽象名词一般是不可数名词，但抽象名词一般是不可数名词，但抽象名词一般是不可数名词，但抽象名词一般是不可数名词，但抽象名词一般是不可数名词，但有些抽象名词可以具体化，用作可数有些抽象名词可以具体化，用作可数有些抽象名词可以具体化，用作可数有些抽象名词可以具体化，用作可数有些抽象

34、名词可以具体化，用作可数有些抽象名词可以具体化，用作可数名词，表示名词，表示名词，表示名词，表示名词，表示名词，表示 “. . . 的人的人的人的人的人的人/ / /事事事事事事 ”, , ,例如：例如：例如：例如：例如：例如： Failure is the mother of Failure is the mother of Failure is the mother of successsuccesssuccess. . . We are sure of We are sure of We are sure of success success success. . . We have a

35、chieved greatWe have achieved greatWe have achieved great successes successes successes in the in the in the past few years.past few years.past few years.His plans ended in His plans ended in His plans ended in failure.failure.failure. He wasnt discouraged in spite of his He wasnt discouraged in spi

36、te of his He wasnt discouraged in spite of his failuresfailuresfailures. . . The officers led their man to The officers led their man to The officers led their man to victoryvictoryvictory in battle. in battle. in battle. The news of The news of The news of victoriesvictoriesvictories kept coming in

37、 . kept coming in . kept coming in . He collects stamps for He collects stamps for He collects stamps for pleasurepleasurepleasure. . . Its been Its been Its been a pleasurea pleasurea pleasure to talk to you. to talk to you. to talk to you. The athlete tried to win The athlete tried to win The athl

38、ete tried to win honorhonorhonor for his country. for his country. for his country. I feel it I feel it I feel it an honoran honoran honor to make a speech here. to make a speech here. to make a speech here.He is He is He is an honoran honoran honor to his parents. to his parents. to his parents. 类似

39、的词有：类似的词有：类似的词有：类似的词有：类似的词有：类似的词有：surprise ,pity surprise ,pity surprise ,pity 但但但但但但 fun fun fun 作开心的人或事仍是作开心的人或事仍是作开心的人或事仍是作开心的人或事仍是作开心的人或事仍是作开心的人或事仍是uncountable uncountable uncountable 2. 2. 2.有些抽象名词可以用作可数名词或不有些抽象名词可以用作可数名词或不有些抽象名词可以用作可数名词或不有些抽象名词可以用作可数名词或不有些抽象名词可以用作可数名词或不有些抽象名词可以用作可数名词或不可数名词，但表不

40、同的意义，例如：可数名词，但表不同的意义，例如：可数名词，但表不同的意义，例如：可数名词，但表不同的意义，例如：可数名词，但表不同的意义，例如：可数名词，但表不同的意义，例如： She has much She has much She has much experienceexperienceexperience in teaching in teaching in teaching childrens English. childrens English. childrens English. Walking across the desert is Walking across the

41、desert is Walking across the desert is an exciting an exciting an exciting experience. experience. experience. Energy is important to the development Energy is important to the development Energy is important to the development of of of industryindustryindustry. . . Fishing is Fishing is Fishing is

42、an important industryan important industryan important industry in this in this in this country./The tourist trade has become country./The tourist trade has become country./The tourist trade has become a a a real industry. real industry. real industry. 四四四四四四. . .名词的数名词的数名词的数名词的数名词的数名词的数 英语名词可分单数和复数

43、：单数表英语名词可分单数和复数：单数表英语名词可分单数和复数：单数表英语名词可分单数和复数：单数表英语名词可分单数和复数：单数表英语名词可分单数和复数：单数表示示示示示示 一一一一一一 ；复数表示；复数表示；复数表示；复数表示；复数表示；复数表示 多于一多于一多于一多于一多于一多于一 。一以下亦。一以下亦。一以下亦。一以下亦。一以下亦。一以下亦为单数，一以上即为复数。如：为单数，一以上即为复数。如：为单数，一以上即为复数。如：为单数，一以上即为复数。如：为单数，一以上即为复数。如：为单数，一以上即为复数。如：one half one half one half day , one day ,

44、one and a half days , two day , one day , one and a half days , two day , one day , one and a half days , two days , one or two days days , one or two days days , one or two days 名词的数（作主语时）名词的数（作主语时）名词的数（作主语时）名词的数（作主语时）名词的数（作主语时）名词的数（作主语时） 决定谓语动决定谓语动决定谓语动决定谓语动决定谓语动决定谓语动词的数（即用单数谓语动词还是用复数词的数（即用单数谓语动词还

45、是用复数词的数（即用单数谓语动词还是用复数词的数（即用单数谓语动词还是用复数词的数（即用单数谓语动词还是用复数词的数（即用单数谓语动词还是用复数谓语动词）谓语动词）谓语动词）谓语动词）谓语动词）谓语动词） 。详见（主谓一致）。详见（主谓一致）。详见（主谓一致）。详见（主谓一致）。详见（主谓一致）。详见（主谓一致）1. 1. 1.名词的复数的构成名词的复数的构成名词的复数的构成名词的复数的构成名词的复数的构成名词的复数的构成 可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形可数名词一般有单数和复

46、数两种形式。构成名词复数的方法分式。构成名词复数的方法分式。构成名词复数的方法分式。构成名词复数的方法分式。构成名词复数的方法分式。构成名词复数的方法分规则变规则变规则变规则变规则变规则变化和不规则变化化和不规则变化化和不规则变化化和不规则变化化和不规则变化化和不规则变化。1 1 1） 规则变化规则变化规则变化规则变化规则变化规则变化注意：注意：注意：注意：注意：注意： 以以以以以以 f /fef /fef /fe 结尾的名词结尾的名词结尾的名词结尾的名词结尾的名词结尾的名词 以以以以以以 -ics-ics-ics 结尾的表示学科名称的名词结尾的表示学科名称的名词结尾的表示学科名称的名词结尾的

47、表示学科名称的名词结尾的表示学科名称的名词结尾的表示学科名称的名词一般用作单数一般用作单数一般用作单数一般用作单数一般用作单数一般用作单数. . . 如如如如如如: mathematics, : mathematics, : mathematics, physics, politics. physics, politics. physics, politics. 某些以某些以某些以某些以某些以某些以-s -s -s 结尾指单一事物的专用名词结尾指单一事物的专用名词结尾指单一事物的专用名词结尾指单一事物的专用名词结尾指单一事物的专用名词结尾指单一事物的专用名词常用作单数常用作单数常用作单数常用作

48、单数常用作单数常用作单数. . .如：如：如：如：如：如：the United States, the the United States, the the United States, the United NationsUnited NationsUnited Nations serf(s) serf(s) serf(s)农奴农奴农奴农奴农奴农奴 ( ( (的）的）的）的）的）的） chief(s)chief(s)chief(s)首领首领首领首领首领首领gulf(s) gulf(s) gulf(s) （站在）海湾（的）（站在）海湾（的）（站在）海湾（的）（站在）海湾（的）（站在）海湾（的）

49、（站在）海湾（的） roof(s)roof(s)roof(s)屋顶（上）屋顶（上）屋顶（上）屋顶（上）屋顶（上）屋顶（上） proof(s)proof(s)proof(s)证明证明证明证明证明证明safe(ssafe(ssafe(s保险箱保险箱保险箱保险箱保险箱保险箱) belief(s) belief(s) belief(s)信念信念信念信念信念信念handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchieveshandkerchievesha

50、ndkerchieves scarf - scarfsscarf - scarfsscarf - scarfs / scarves / scarves / scarves 2 2 2）不规则变化。）不规则变化。）不规则变化。）不规则变化。）不规则变化。）不规则变化。 少数名词的变化是不规则的少数名词的变化是不规则的少数名词的变化是不规则的少数名词的变化是不规则的少数名词的变化是不规则的少数名词的变化是不规则的 child- children child- children child- children tooth -teeth tooth -teeth tooth -teeth foot -

51、 feet foot - feet foot - feet mouse - mice mouse - mice mouse - mice goose-geese ox-oxen goose-geese ox-oxen goose-geese ox-oxen man -men man -men man -men basis -bases German-Germans basis -bases German-Germans basis -bases German-Germans focus -foci / focuses focus -foci / focuses focus -foci / fo

52、cuses abacus -abaci / abacuses abacus -abaci / abacuses abacus -abaci / abacuses phenomenon - phenomena phenomenon - phenomena phenomenon - phenomena 复合名词复数形式构成有四种情况复合名词复数形式构成有四种情况复合名词复数形式构成有四种情况复合名词复数形式构成有四种情况复合名词复数形式构成有四种情况复合名词复数形式构成有四种情况 a. a. a. 以可数名词结尾的复合名词以可数名词结尾的复合名词以可数名词结尾的复合名词以可数名词结尾的复合名词以可

53、数名词结尾的复合名词以可数名词结尾的复合名词, , ,直接加直接加直接加直接加直接加直接加 s . s . s . tooth-brush(estooth-brush(estooth-brush(es) boy-friend(s) store-) boy-friend(s) store-) boy-friend(s) store-keeper(s) motor -ambulance(s) keeper(s) motor -ambulance(s) keeper(s) motor -ambulance(s) b. b. b. 以可数名词以可数名词以可数名词以可数名词以可数名词以可数名词 + +

54、+ 介词介词介词介词介词介词( ( (短语短语短语短语短语短语) ) ) 构成的复合构成的复合构成的复合构成的复合构成的复合构成的复合名词名词名词名词名词名词, , ,将主要将主要将主要将主要将主要将主要 名词变成复数形式名词变成复数形式名词变成复数形式名词变成复数形式名词变成复数形式名词变成复数形式 daughter-in -law - daughters-in -law daughter-in -law - daughters-in -law daughter-in -law - daughters-in -law looker -on - lookers -on looker -on -

55、 lookers -on looker -on - lookers -on passer by - passers by passer by - passers by passer by - passers by c. c. c. 动词或过去分词动词或过去分词动词或过去分词动词或过去分词动词或过去分词动词或过去分词 + + + 副词副词副词副词副词副词 构成的复构成的复构成的复构成的复构成的复构成的复合名词合名词合名词合名词合名词合名词, , ,将最后一部分变成复数形式将最后一部分变成复数形式将最后一部分变成复数形式将最后一部分变成复数形式将最后一部分变成复数形式将最后一部分变成复数形式 gr

56、own-up -grown -ups grown-up -grown -ups grown-up -grown -ups breakdown - breakdowns breakdown - breakdowns breakdown - breakdowns d. d. d. 由由由由由由man man man 或或或或或或woman woman woman 作第一部分的复合词，作第一部分的复合词，作第一部分的复合词，作第一部分的复合词，作第一部分的复合词，作第一部分的复合词，将两部分均变成复数形式将两部分均变成复数形式将两部分均变成复数形式将两部分均变成复数形式将两部分均变成复数形式将两部分

57、均变成复数形式 woman doctor - women doctorswoman doctor - women doctorswoman doctor - women doctorsman servant - men servants man servant - men servants man servant - men servants man cook- men cooks man cook- men cooks man cook- men cooks 有些名词单复同形有些名词单复同形有些名词单复同形有些名词单复同形有些名词单复同形有些名词单复同形: : : Chinese, Japa

58、nese, sheep, means, deer, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, means, deer, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, means, deer, species, aircraft, series, fish species, aircraft, series, fish species, aircraft, series, fish 某些名词在作某种特别意义解时常常某些名词在作某种特别意义解时常常某些名词在作某种特别意义解时常常某些名词在作某种特别意义解时常常某些名词在作某种特别意义解时常常某些名词在作某种特别意义解时常常以复数形

59、式出现。如：以复数形式出现。如：以复数形式出现。如：以复数形式出现。如：以复数形式出现。如：以复数形式出现。如：works(works(works(著作）著作）著作）著作）著作）著作） glassesglassesglasses（眼镜）（眼镜）（眼镜）（眼镜）（眼镜）（眼镜） arms (arms (arms (武器武器武器武器武器武器) forces () forces () forces (军队军队军队军队军队军队) ) ) brains (brains (brains (智力智力智力智力智力智力) stairs () stairs () stairs (楼梯楼梯楼梯楼梯楼梯楼梯) ash

60、es() ashes() ashes(灰烬灰烬灰烬灰烬灰烬灰烬) ) ) plastics(plastics(plastics(塑料制品塑料制品塑料制品塑料制品塑料制品塑料制品) goods() goods() goods(货物货物货物货物货物货物) troops) troops) troops( ( (部队部队部队部队部队部队) manners() manners() manners(礼貌礼貌礼貌礼貌礼貌礼貌) customs () customs () customs (海关海关海关海关海关海关) ) ) authorities(authorities(authorities(当局当局当局