现代大学英语精读第一册9

1、After Twenty YearsO. HenryAfter Twenty YearsUnit 9R einforcementT ext AnalysisAfter Twenty YearsB ackgroundW arming upUnit 9Questions / ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesWBTRAfter Twenty YearsUnit 9Warming upWarming upQuestions / Activities Read and comment on the following proverbs and quotes. A

2、hedge between keeps friendship green. -Proverb The only unsinkable ship is FRIENDSHIP. -Proverb The only reward of virtue is virtue; the only way to have a friend is to be one.-Ralph Waldo Emerson Be slow to fall into friendship; but when thou art in, continue firm and constant.“ -Socrates A friend

3、to all is a friend to none; Misfortune shows those who are not really friends.“ -Aristotle A true friend stabs you in the front.“ -Oscar Wilde My best friend is the one who brings out the best in me. -Henry Ford WBTRCheck-on Preview Spell the words. d_ s_ d_ c_ s_ g_ 答案见备注栏uncertain; feeling unsurer

4、easonable; practical and able to judge wellin a cheerless mannera job or profession one is trained for and intends to do for several yearsan attitude that shows sb. is better than othersprotectorWBTRWarming upObjectives Expand your vocabulary Expand your knowledge of English grammar Understand the s

5、tructure and the general idea of the story Learn to analyze characters in the story Learn about O. Henry and his writing Learn to discuss friendship Solve your own questions about the storyWBTRWarming upBackgroundGenreAuthorBWTRAfter Twenty YearsUnit 9BackgroundO. Henry 1862-1910u one of the greates

6、t short story writers of America and the worldu little formal educationu various job experiences: pharmacist, ranch hand, land draftsman, bank teller, etc.u alleged embezzlement u panic flee to Honduras in 1896 u conviction & imprisonment (1898-1901)u successful career as a writer in NYu the “O.

7、 Henry conclusion/ending”u representative works: “The Gift of the Magi”, “The Cop and the Anthem”, “The Ransom of the Red Chief”BWTRHis LifeAuthor BackgroundBWTR O. Henrys most famous stories make simple yet effective use of paradoxical coincidences to produce ironic endings. For example, in “The Gi

8、ft of the Magi” a husband sells his watch to buy his wife a Christmas present of a pair of hair combs; unknown to him, she cuts and sells her long hair to buy him a Christmas present of a new chain for his watch. His style of storytelling became a model not only for short fiction, but also for Ameri

9、can motion pictures and television programs. This kind of ending to a story is called an ironic ending, a surprise ending, or an O. Henry ending. In our story, we dont know what happened twenty years ago that made them so special to each other. But it was clear that Jim was a good honest man and alw

10、ays true to his friends and Bob admired and trusted him. Slipping along this way, we would expect a very touching story. But the ending is very dramatic, surprising, and even ironic.The O. Henry EndingAuthor BackgroundGenreA Short Story Plot: Two friends meeting as promised 20 years ago end up one a

11、rresting the other. Setting: one street in New York at night Protagonists: Bob and JimmyMode of narration: third-person narrative in an objective voice Theme: friendship vs. public dutyBWTRDetailedAnalysisStructureCharactersAfter Twenty YearsUnit 9Text AnalysisTWBRText AnalysisCharactersTWBRBobJimmy

12、 smart restless ambitious ready to try in every way to reach his goal He had made his fortune, though. He had many fights. He had broken the law. average height a bit slow strongly built not so adventurous honest, truthful, responsible and devoted He was obviously a good police officer Find evidence

13、 from the text to support the above analysis.Text AnalysisStructure1Paras. 1-2A policeman on the beat a few minutes before 10 p.m.2Paras. 3-17The policemans encounter with a man from the West3Paras. 18-31The arrest of the man from the West by a plainclothes manTWBR4Paras. 32-33A note from the best f

14、riend of the arrested manText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisMain IdeaSentence ParaphraseWords & ExpressionsExercisePart I Part II Part III Part TWBRText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Main IdeaWhat was the atmosphere like in the street? What feelings does it arouse?How did the policeman walk the be

15、at?What impression did the policeman leave?What made the policeman look a guardian of the peace?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Sentence ParaphraseThe policeman on the beat moved up the avenue impressively. (para. 1)in a way that gives a deep impressionbeat: the area of the town or city that a

16、 police officer regularly walks around; his route, which he patrolson the beat: checking the area he is assigned to and responsible for Generally speaking, in New York City streets that run from north to south are named streets, while those from east to west are named avenues or boulevards. Text Ana

17、lysisDetailed AnalysisThe impressiveness was normal and not for show, for spectators were few. (para. 1)with the purpose of looking attractive or impressive rather than being useful.Other “show” phrases: on show, show up, show off, show sb. out/in/around, show sb. the doorParaphrasing: The police of

18、ficer walked that way habitually, not to attract attention or admiration because there were few people in the streets to be impressed. The description shows that the policeman quite enjoyed his work.Part I: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisThe time was barely ten oclock at night, but

19、 chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had almost emptied the streets. (para. 1)a small amount;Other examples:There is a taste of irony in his words.We could sense a taste of sea water in the wind.to make empty, to cause people to leave;More examples:The TV series emptied the streets at

20、8 p.m. every Sunday.The Yangtz River runs eastward and finally empties into the Pacific. Part I: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisTrying doors as he went, swinging his club with many clever movements, turning now and then to cast his watchful eye down the peaceful street, the officer

21、, with his strongly built form and slight air of superiority, made a fine picture of a guardian of the peace. (para. 2)To see if they were locked (sense of responsibility)Paraphrasing: From how he looked and what he did on the beat, we can see that the policeman was competent at, confident of, proud

22、 of, and dutiful to his job. All these factors gave people the impression that he was a trustworthy protector of the peace. ( Notice how a string of present participles are used as adverbials to vividly describe the policemans actions.) A habit gained from training and a warning to potential trouble

23、makers (competence and confidence)vigilancestrengthconfidence, pride, dignityPart I: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisThe area was one that kept early hours. (para. 2) To end the day and go to bed early at night as well as to start the day and get up early in the morning. Paraphrasin

24、g: People in that area closed their stores pretty early.Part I: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisNow and then you might see the lights of a cigar store or of an all-night lunch counter. (para. 2)open all night, 24-hours a daya counter, as in a store or restaurant, where light meal an

25、d snacks are served or are sold to be taken out.Note that here lunch refers to light meal instead of the meal eaten at noon.Part I: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Words & ExpressionsWordsPhrasesGrammarempty on the beatfor showwith a taste ofkeep early hoursnow and thenl

26、ong sincepresent participle used as adverbialText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Exercise 1Translate the following sentences into English, using words in the brackets.她把茶壶里已经凉了的茶水倒出来，好重沏一壶。(empty)把短篇故事二十年后放在课本里是为了让学生感受一下欧亨利的作品。(taste)这所大学早就不招留学生了。(since)跑这么快，他都快喘不上气了。(present participle as adverbi

27、al)站在舞台上面对这么多观众，男童紧张不已，把台词忘了个干净。(present participle as adverbial)答案见备注栏Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Exercise 2Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs.When will the Qin clay figures of warriors and horses be _ show in the Capital Museum?She likes to show _ her nice figure by wearing

28、tight dresses.The guide showed the visitors _ in the Museum.He doesnt read much, and his shelves of books are only _ show.Why didnt you show _ at the exam this morning?The secretary showed the client _.答案见备注栏Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Main Idea What was the man from the West like? Why wa

29、s the man from the West eager to explain himself and tell his story? How did the man from the West regard his childhood friend Jimmy? Why did the two childhood friends separate? What kind of life did the man from the West lead in the West? How would such an appointment impress you? What do you think

30、 of the mans action of travelling so far to honor an appointment made twenty years ago? Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Sentence ParaphraseAs the policeman walked up to him, the man spoke up quickly.（para. 3）When or because?walked toward him and got closerspoke louder so that he could be hear

31、d and noticed by the policeman; why did he want to be heard?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisSounds a little funny to you, doesnt it? (para. 4)strange, out of the ordinaryThis tag question is more an exclamation than a real question expected to be answered.Link verbs like “sound” here are usually follo

32、wed by an adjective as predicative. Part II: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisHis tiepin was a large diamond, oddly set. (para. 6) the diamond placed in a strange or unusual way (probably betraying his lack of taste) Note that “set” is a past participle used here as a complement to “

33、diamond”, not the verb stem.Part II: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisThe next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. (para. 7)to make ones fortune: to make a large amount of moneywas going to do as planned or arranged The West: In popular ideas about America, the Wi

34、ld West has always meant the land of opportunities and adventures, where many European settlers moved during the 19th century to establish new farms and new cities. In films it is often shown as a place where cowboys and Native Americans (Indians) fight each other, and where cowboys use guns rather

35、than the law to settle arguments. Therefore, a situation where there are no laws or controls is sometimes described as being like the Wild West. Paraphrasing: The next morning I was going to leave (New York) for the West as planned to make a lot of money and get rich.Part II: Sentence ParaphraseText

36、 AnalysisDetailed Analysisno matter what our conditions might be. (para. 7) no matter what: whateverAdverbials of concession introduced by “no matter” are quite common in use.More examples:Ill follow no matter where you go.You will not be forgiven no matter how you try to make up for my loss.You are

37、 welcome no matter when you come. Part II: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWe figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our fate worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be. (para. 7)adverbial of concession, similar to and interchangeable with the “n

38、o mater wh-” patternto figure: to think or concludeParaphrasing: We thought by that time we would have found out our fate and known how much we have achieved materiallywhether our fortune huge or small.to work out: to happen, develop, or end in a particular way or to have a particular resultPart II:

39、 Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisBut after a year or two we lost track of each other. (para. 9)to keep/lose track of sb./sth.: to pay attention to sb./sth. so that you know where they are or what is happening to them, or fail to do so. Paraphrasing: We wrote letters and kept in touc

40、h with each other for a year or two, and then we stopped writing and havent heard from or heard of each other. Now neither of us knows what has happened or is happening to the other.Part II: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisYou see, the West is a pretty big place, and I kept running

41、around over it pretty lively. (para. 9)very quickly; quite activelyParaphrasing: I kept moving around in the West, never staying in the same place for long. (And thats why it was hard for us to keep track of each other.)Part II: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed Analysisand its worth it if my

42、 old partner turns up. (para. 9)(informal): used to say that you gain something from an actionParaphrasing: If my old friend comes to meet me as he promised, I would think my trouble of travelling so far is fairly rewarded. to turn up: to arrive a the place, especially in a way that is unexpected.Ot

43、her “turn” expressions:turn down, turn in, turn out, turn to, turn around, turn against, turn away, turn on, turn off Part II: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisHe was a kind of slow man, though, good fellow as he was. (para. 13)a slow man: not good and quick at understanding thingAdv

44、erbials of concession introduced by “as” always requires inversion.More examples:Clever as the boy is, he sometimes gets cheated too.Poor as the old man is, he is always kind and generous to strangers. thought: howeverNote that here “though” is used as an adverb instead of a conjunction to connect t

45、his sentence and the sentence before this one in logic.Paraphrasing: However, he wasnt very smart, even thought he was a good person.Part II: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisIve had to compete with some of the sharpest brains going to get my money. (para. 13 )Paraphrasing: In order

46、to make money, I had to compete with the most shrewd and crafty people.sharp brains: people who can understand and think quickly and are not easily deceived Part II: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Sentence ParaphraseA man gets stuck in New York. It takes the West to make a

47、 man really keen. (para. 13)Paraphrasing: A man is unable to go very far or to be very successful in New York where life is boring and opportunities for change are few. He has to go to the West to become an eager and exciting person.The man from the west means that New York City was “civilized”; it

48、had too many laws, and that getting rich quickly was less likely. In the West, however, one could by-pass the rules, and though being tougher and smarter one could become rich very fast.Note the “take” pattern:It takesto do sth.E.g.: It takes a war to eliminate a war.to get stuck: to become unable t

49、o move or change (in terms of wealth and social position here)Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisI should say not! (para. 16)The modal verb “should” is used here to give emphasis to the statement.Paraphrasing: Of course I am not going to leave immediately.Part II: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisDetailed

50、 AnalysisPart II: Words & ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarsetfigure speak upmake an appointmentmake certaintear downbring upstart formake ones fortunework outhear fromIt takestoIts worth it ifadverbial clause of concession introduced by “no matter wh-” Adverbial clause of concessio

51、n introduced by “as”for a timelose track ofturn upcompete withget stucktake a stepText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Exercise 1Fill in the blanks with “turn” phrases in their appropriate forms.The hall was full and hundreds of fans had to be _. We politely _ the invitation.She _ the problem in h

52、er mind.The movie _ to be a great success. It really _ me _ to see you biting your fingernails.This is a poor piece of work youve _.I cant tell my parents about it; I dont know who to _.1.答案见备注栏Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Exercise 2Translate the following sentence into English, using word

53、s in the brackets.那个小伙子觉得打零工总比没工作强。(figure)发生火灾时勿乘电梯，否则有可能被困住。(stick)会议安排得尽早制定出来。(work)战争期间家人杳无音讯的情况并不少见。(track)只需几个小把戏，就能让枫树街的街坊们相互残杀。(take)无论你何时何地需要帮助，请致电。(matter)1.答案见备注栏Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Main Idea What was the atmosphere like now? What feelings does it arouse? Why did the p

54、oliceman in plain clothes mention the restaurant? What is the implication of words said by the policeman in plain clothes to Bob? Why didnt “silky” Bob immediately realize that the man was not his old friend Jimmy? Why did each of them look at the others face in the light of the drugstore? What do y

55、ou think of Bob as a friend?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Sentence ParaphraseThe few foot passengers in that quarter hurried dismally and silently along with coat collars turned high and pocketed hands. (para. 18 )in that part of the city people walking in the street (seldom used today) Th

56、ey had turned their collars high and kept their hands in their pockets to keep themselves warm. The “with + object + participle / preposition phrase” pattern as adverbial: E.g.: A young woman came in with a baby (held) in her arms crying.Paraphrasing: There were few people in the street of this part

57、 of the city. They had turned their coat collars high and kept their hands in their pockets for warmth. They didnt look happy and were walking fast without saying anything.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Sentence Paraphrase“Bless my heart!” exclaimed the new arrival. (para. 21)The man who ha

58、s newly arrived. (old fashioned, colloquial) usually “bless my soul”, used to express surprise Paraphrasing: “Bless my heart!” the man who had just arrived said aloud in surprise.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Sentence ParaphraseIts Bob, sure a fate. (para. 22)(colloquial) usually “(as) sur

59、e as hell”, used for emphasis.Paraphrasing: Definitely its you, Bob.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Sentence ParaphraseHow has the West treated you, old man? (para. 22)treat: to deal with or regard in a certain mannerParaphrasing: How well did you do in the West, old friend?old friendNote th

60、at “old man” in American spoken English is often used to refer to ones father.Text AnalysisDetailed Analysiswell go around to a place I know of, and have a good long talk about old times. （para. 26）to know of: to have heard of and be able to give a small amount of informationParaphrasing: Ive heard of a place, so let