语法复习详案名词性从句

1、【语法复习详案】 名词性从句(Noun Clauses)考点梳理上大市北颜一、相关基础知识1. 英语句子分为3大类：_、_、_。若句中含有插入语成分，此类句子通常被称为_。2. 复合句是由1个_加个或几个_复合而成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立存在。根据从句在句子中的作用，可以将从句分为3类：_、_、_。3. 名词性从句包括4种_从句、_从句、_从句和_从句。4. 名词性从句的时态问题(1) 由于以when引导的时间状从和以if引导的条件状从，要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用一般将来时态（即“主将从现/主现从现”原则），所以许多同学容易受此影响在when和if引导名词性从

2、句时也用现在时表示将来意义。以如下几题为例： I dont know if he _ or not tomorrow.A. come B. comes C. will comeD. is coming I dont know if she _, but if she _ I will let you know.A. comes, comesB. will come, will comeC. comes, will comeD. will come, comes“When he _ is not known yet.” “But when he _, he will be warmly welc

3、omed.”A. comes, comesB. will come, will come C. comes, will comeD. will come, comes(2)宾语从句中，当主句为现在或将来时态时，宾语从句可以和主句的时态不一致，而是根据实际需要用不同的时态。我不在乎他是否会回来。(care)译：我听说校篮球队前天赢得了决赛。(hear)译：(3)宾语从句中，当主句为一般过去时态时，宾语从句通常要用过去的某种时态（包括一过/过完/过进/过将）与之呼应，然而当宾从表示客观真理/普遍现象/谚语格言时，宾从只能用一般现在时。老师告诉我们他知道一切。译：老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。译：(

4、4)名词性从句若使用虚拟语气，也会出现主句和从句时态不一致的现象。详见“虚拟语气”语法详案，此处从略。5. 名词性从句中的主谓一致（高频考点）(1) 单个主语从句作主语，相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数;(2) 由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；(3) 由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。如： When the meeting will begin _not been decided yet. （have）When they will start and where they go _not been decided yet. ( hav

5、e)When and where the meeting will begin _not been decided. （have）6. 名词性从句的语序问题 名词性从句总是用陈述句词序，则不能使用疑问句词序，尤其是当名词性从句由“疑问词”引导时，不能受疑问句的影响而误用疑问句词序：误：I didnt know where did he live.正：I didnt know where he lived. 我不知道他住哪儿。误：Who will he marry remains unknown.正：Who he will marry remains unknown. 他同谁结婚还不知道。分享给

6、你的朋友吧：· i贴吧 · 新浪微博· 腾讯微博· QQ空间· 人人网· 豆瓣· MSN对我有帮助7. 名词性从句的连接词主要包括以下几类：(1) 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分(如_)。例句助记： 我不知道她是谁。(who) ( _从句 )译： 我忘了昨天遇到谁了。(whom) ( _从句 )译： 告诉我这是谁的书。(whose) ( _从句 )译： 她说的是对的。(what)( _从句 )译： 告诉我你最近读了什么书。(what) ( _从句 )译： 哪个足

7、球队获胜还很难说。(which) ( _从句 )译：(2) 连接副词：when, where, why, how, how ofen/soon/long/many/much,etc。有词义，在从句中担任各种_成分。例句助记： 会议什么时候举行还没有宣布。(when) ( _从句 )译： 那就是我们的希望所在。(where)( _从句 )译： 我不知道她为何还没来。(why)( _从句 )译： 很少人有知道这个项目是怎样完成的。(how)( _从句 )译： 告诉我你多久踢一次足球？(how often)( _从句 )译：(3) 连接词：that, whether,if, as if/though

8、（表从），because（表从）。【切记】:that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，表明从句内容的_性，有时可省略。明年9月他将考入理想大学，这很明显。(that)译：相关真题（2009天津）:It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. whichC. whetherD. thatwhether/if,有词义(意为_)，在从句中不担任成分，表明从句内容的_性，不可省略。请告诉我他是否能考试及格。(whether)译：是否我们能赢得决赛，还很难说。(whether)译

9、：as if/though和because，有词义，在名词性从句中只能引导_，在从句中不担任成分，也不可省略。她看上去似乎要哭了。(as if)译：那是因为可能是练得太多了。(because)译：此外，as if/though还可引导_状从；because还可引导_状从。她站在门边，好像在等人。(as if)译：因为生病，所以他没能参加毕业典礼。(because)译：(4)复合连接词whoever, whichever, whatever（异常重要）既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状从。具体为：引导名词性从句引导让步状语从句whoever = _whoever = _whichever = _

10、whichever = _whatever = _whatever = _注意：whenever,wherever,however一般只引导让步状从，分别相当于no matter when, no matter where, no matter how【知识梳理】1)whoever,whichever,whatever引导名从时，无疑问语义，且具有双重功能：既在从句中充当主/宾/定/表，也在主句中充当主/宾/表（不可引导定从）。 无论谁先来都将得到这份礼物。(whoever，主从)译： 班级里无论谁想要，都把这本书给他。(whoever,宾从)译： 这是两本词典。无论你喜欢哪本都可以选。(wh

11、ichever，宾从)译： 无论哪件礼服最适合你，都是值得买的。(whichever,主从)译： 无论你想要什么，我都可以送给你。(whatever，宾从)译：2)whoever,whichever,whatever除引导名从外，还可引导让步状从，此时分别相当于no matter who, no matter which, no matter what。 例句助记： 无论你是谁，你都必须遵纪守法。(whoever)译： 无论你选择了谁，其他人总会得罪。(whichever)译： 无论你可能会想什么，我都将会继续我的原计划。(whatever)译：3)who,which,what引导名词性从句时

12、，有疑问语义，且功能单一，不能在主句中充当某种成分，只能在所引导的从句中充当主/宾/定/表。而whoever, whichever, whatever引导名词性从句时，具有双重功能，既在主句中充当某种成分(主/宾/表)，同时又在所引导的从句中充当主/宾/定/表。这是高考的一个热点和难点，务必在理解的基础上牢固掌握。试比较下列几道真题： (1998上海高考真题)It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever (1999上海高考真题)_ has helped to save the

13、 drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever (2000上海春季真题)Eat _ cake you likeand leave the others for _ comes in late.A. any; whoB. every; whoever C. whichever; whoeverD. either; whoever (2008浙江高考真题)_ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A. Anyone B. The oneC.

14、WhoeverD. Who (2009全国卷高考真题)Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales please?A. whoB. whatC. whoeverD. whatever (2009天津高考真题)A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mail.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. whoever (2009湖南高考真题)She is very dear to us. We have been prepar

15、ed to do _ it takes to save her life.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever (2009陕西高考真题)The how-to book can be of help to _ wants to do the job.A. whoB. whomeverC. no matter whoD. whoever We have plenty of books here. You may take _ you like most.A. which B. whateverC. whicheverD. that College

16、students are free to study _ them.A. whatever which interestB. whatever interestsC. whatever that interestsD. whatever interesting I went to the library and read _ I could find about Robert Owen.A. whoeverB. whicheverC. whateverD. whomever Use _ phone you want they all have outside lines.A. whatB. w

17、hichC. whateverD. whichever However much _, it will be worth it.A. the watch costsB. costs the watchC. the watch will be costD. does the watch cost _ comes back first is supposed to win the prize,.A. Those whoB. AnyoneC. No matter whoD. Whoever You can put the photo _ you think it looks best.A. that

18、B. whichC. whicheverD. wherever此类试题增补：二、主语从句(一) that引导的主语从句1. that引导的主从可直接置于句首，that只起_作用，在句中不充当任何成分，也绝不可_；通常表示_的语气如题：_ men have learned much from the behavior of animals is hardly new.A. That B. Those C. What D. Whether2. 多数情况下，为了保持句子平衡，避免出现“_”现象，从而违反英语的“_”原则，因此当that引导主从时，往往由it作为_置于句首，而把真正的that主从放在句

19、后。如题：_ is inconceivable that the boy might have stolen the money and fled.A. He B. This C. There D. It此题可改写为：_.3. 用it作为形式主语的that从句有不少已形成_。常见的有以下4种搭配关系：(1) _。主要包括：难怪 事实是真是个奇迹是个问题非常荣幸可惜的是 是常识 真是可耻让人惊讶是个好主意增补：(2) _主要包括： 很可能 很肯定 很清楚 很自然 很明显 很重要 很有必要 的确 最好增补：(3) _主要包括： 据说 据报道 据认为 据估计 必须指出 已证明 据建议（有人建议） 已

20、经发现 众所周知 恰好增补：【注意】此结构可与另一结构互换:_中译英：据说他们已经在实验中取得了成功译法1：译法2：(4) _主要包括： 好像是 碰巧 我想到(occur) 我想到(struck) 由此可见 要紧的是 在我看来/我认为(seem/appear) 结果是增补：【特别提示】在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +动词原形”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed

21、, desired, etc.) that（此知识点详见本资料“虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用”专题）(二) wh-词引导的主语从句wh-词引导的主从既可直接置于句首(if引导主从不可置句首)，也可用it作形式主语，而把真正的wh-主从放在句后题见：_ makes mistakes must correct them.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. He D. AnyoneIn some countries, _ is called “equality”does not really mean equal rights for all people.A. whichB. whatC. th

22、atD. one_ is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.A. WhatB. AsC. ItD. That_ is known to us all that the 2008 Olymipic Games will take place in Beijing.A. WhatB. AsC. ItD. that_ is known to us all is that the 2008 0lymipic Games will take place in Beijng. （语法攻关P143 T24 福建08年真题，高难度陷阱题）A.

23、 It B. WhatC. AsD. Which_ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (全国01年真题)A. It B. AsC. ThatD. What相关中译英：他何时来还不清楚(clear)译法1:译法2:那个幽灵去哪儿了仍然是个谜(mystery)译法1:译法2:谁将出席明天的会议无关紧要(difference)译法1:译法2:是否我们的校篮球队会赢得明天的比赛仍不知道(unknown)译法1:译法2:下周和谁一起前往东方绿舟仍未决定(decide)译法1:译法2:(三)

24、that引导的主从和wh-词引导的主从的区别 _ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known. A. ThatB. WhatC. HowD. Since_ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.A. WhatB. ThatC. ThisD. Which_ he will come tomorrow has not been clear.A. WhenB. WhichC. ThatD. Whet

25、her _ he will come tomorrow has been clear.A. WhenB. whichC. ThatD. Whether【相关要点归纳】(1) that引导主从,(2) whether/if引导主从，(3) wh-词引导主从，(四) whether与if引导主语从句的区别_ is of no concern to us. A. It rains or notB. If it rains or not C. Whether it rains or notD. Will it rain or notSome people sayIts not important _

26、you win or lose. What is important is how you play the game. A. beforeB. whoC. as ifD. if【相关要点归纳】(1) whether引导主从：(2) if引导主从：(五) it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It is during his spare time _ Anderson has been studying a course in history.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what It is not your fault _ this has happened.A. wh

27、atB. whereC. ifD. that 【相关知识归纳】(1) it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了_，避免_且其关联词除_/_外，还包括_等It后的谓语若是be动词，可以是be动词的_形式。(2) it引导的强调句型，其关联词只能是_(强调人时可用_)此句型用于强调_语、_语和_语。It后必接be动词，且只能是be动词的2种形式：_和_。总之，强调句型的“金三点”（包括_、_、_）不可或缺，是强调句型的重要标志。判断一个句子是否强调句型的唯一方法就是：_试用强调句型对下列语句进行强调：John might have bought a new book for Mary yesterd

28、ay.强调主语：强调宾语：强调目的状语：强调时间状语：(六) whether和if的用法小结1）whether和if均可引导主从，但if引导主从不能_。如：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. 2) whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是_时连接词一般用whether。如： It all depends on whether they will come back. 3）后面直接跟_时用whether。如： I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in W

29、uhan. 4）_从句、_从句中只能用whether。如： The question is whether they have so much money. We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not. 5）whether常与or连用表示_，if不能这样用。如：The question of whether they are male or female is not important. 【补充】whetheror还可引导状从中的_。如：无论明天是否下雨，运动会都将按时举行。(whether)译

30、：_6）whether也可与_连用，但if不能。如： I have not decided whether to go or not. 7）_时用whether不用if。如： Thank you, but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment. 8）引导_从句时， 必须用if ，此时if不再表示“是否”，而意为“_”。If it rains tomorrow , we wont go to the Summer Palace .三、宾语从句(一) that引导的宾语从句1. that的省略情况(1)引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.

31、g. I hope (that) everything is all right.(2) 然而，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语，或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略。如：He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine.B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不可省略。如：They believed that land did not belong to people but _ people belong to land.A. that

32、 B. when C. where D. howEveryone knew what happened and that she was worried. C）当that作介词(in,but,except)宾语时，that不可省略。如： The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. He often go to church on Sunday except that he is ill.2. that从句用作宾语，具体包括如下几种形式：(1)动词宾语。这里所说的动词，包括了谓语动词及非谓语动词（非谓语动词也能接宾语）

33、。各举一例：I hear that they have gone to Beijing.Knowing that his father would come back, he tidied up his room.(2) 形容词宾语。Im glad that you have recovered.Hes afraid that he will lose the chance.注意：其后常接that宾从的形容词主要有sure, certain, happy, glad, afraid, aware, eager, anxious等。(3) 介词宾语。that从句通常不能跟在介词后而作宾语，但是在

34、介词in、except、but、besides和save之后可以跟that从句，多已看作固定用法，须特别记忆：in that:except that:besides that:save that:but that:相关试题： He has not changed at all _ that he is no longer so talkative.A. but B. except C. despite D. apart The Chicago Buildings was different _ each of its stories was complete in itself. A. fro

35、m whichB. from that C. in which D. in that(00沪春)The suit fitted him well _ the colour was a little brighter.A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides “Did you do the homework all day long yesterday?” “Except _ Mabel dropped in on me.” A. / B. forC. that D. when I know nothing about his

36、journey _ he was likely to be away for three months. A. if B. unless C. until D. except that Liquids are like solids _ they have a definite volume.A. in that B. for that C. with that D. at that Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that The way he d

37、id it was different _ we were used to. A. in which B. in that C. from what D. from which(4)复合宾语。此即“6123结构”中的一种。异常重要，务必牢固掌握：We consider _ the instrument should be adjusted each time it is used.A. that it necessaryB. necessary thatC. it necessary thatD. necessary of it that【知识回顾】“6123结构”即：6个_ + 1个_ +

38、2类_ + 3类_ 。具体为：6(fftbmc):1:2:3:切记：_的存在是此结构成立的必要前提。相关高难度陷阱题请抄录：(5)某些带有it为形式宾语（但无_）的固定搭配，择要小结:(1) see to it that （缩略为_）句型含义：时态要求：例句助记：相关考题：(2) take it for granted that句型含义：例句助记：相关考题：(3) owe it to sb.that句型含义：例句助记：相关考题：(4) appreciate it if 此句型中宾从只能由if而非that引导，为极重要考点，牢记之！句型含义：例句助记：相关考题：(03沪春) I would ap

39、preciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment. A. until B. if C. when D. that(5) hate it when此句型中宾从只能由when而非thay引导，较少考查，但仍须了解。句型含义：例句助记：相关考题：I hate it _ someone talks with his mouth full.A. that B. / C. when D. where(6) 同类句型为数众多，择要增补：6. 在doubt或be doubtful后接的宾从中，(1)如果主句为肯定句，宾

40、从连接词常用_或_;(2)如果主句为否定或疑问句，宾从连接词要用_。简记：I doubt _; I dont doubt _/I never doubt _。相关试题： I am doubtful _ he is still alive.A. that B. whether C. what D. when I have no doubt _ we shall be able to do something for you. A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether7. 宾从中的“否定转移”现象（异常重要）(1)表示“_”的动词主要包括think, believe, suppo

41、se, guess, expect, fancy, imagine等，后接宾语从句，且主句的主语是_人称时，宾从的否定词须前移到主句中，即主句的谓动用否定式，而从句的谓动用肯定式。我想我并不认识你。(think)译：我相信他不回来。(believe)译：我猜明天不会下雨。(guess)译：切记：若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。如下例：我想你没有生病吧。(hope)译：若谓语动词为think, 也可以不用转移。如下例：我认为他不能完成这项重要且困难的工作。(think)译：(2)宾语从句在出现否定转移时，若构成反义疑问句，需要注意哪些事项? 这种否定前移的复合句，在变成反意疑问

42、句时，其反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致，并且必须把否定还原，即仍把从句看作否定，继而进行反意疑问句的形式变换。I don't think (that) he is interested in that thing, _? 如果主句的主语是第二和第三人称时，其后接的宾语从句的否定词通常不须前移，其反意疑问句的主谓语应该与主句一致，即如果主句是肯定，反意疑问部分就用否定；如果主句是否定，那么反意疑问部分就用肯定。She thought that film was not interesting, _? You dont believe you can get the first prize

43、, _?(二) wh-词引导的宾语从句1. 作动词宾语。这里的动词包括谓语动词和非谓语动词（非谓也可接宾语）。我想知道你是否已经遇到了他。(wonder)译：我正在等着你告诉我这个项目将何时完成。(wait)译：2作介词宾语。关于他是怎样通过驾驶考试的，他只字未提。(manage)译：我不知道他所指的是什么。(aware)译：我们都为他所做的感到骄傲。(proud)3. 作形容词宾语。我不确定她为何拒绝了我们的邀请。(refuse)译：(三) 含有插入语结构的宾语从句We agreed to accept _ they thought was the best tourist guide.A.

44、 whateverB. whomeverC. whichever D. whoeverHe must have believed， I think， _ I am a lazy boy. A. that B. / C. which D. what注意：关于插入语结构，详见本资料“专题梳理”之插入语部分。(四)宾从相关句型：插入语疑问句（热门考点）How long did she say_ in Shanghai?A. that she would stayB. would she stayC. would stay D. she would stay-I havent heard from H

45、enry for a long time. -What do you think _ to him? A. is happening B. was happening C. to happen D. happensWho do you think _ us a talk this afternoon？ A. to give B. gaveC. will give D. givingWhat _ had to be finished before Friday？ A. they say B. they saidC. did they say D. do they say含插入语的特殊疑问句，也被

46、称为双重疑问句，或是特殊疑问句的复杂结构，具体为：特殊疑问词 do you think + 其它部分（陈述语序）此句型由一般疑问句和特殊疑问句混合而成，主要是用来征询对方的看法、推测或猜度等。运用该句型需要注意以下几点:一般疑问句(如本句的do you think)用疑问语序;特殊疑问句应注意形式或语序的变化,即特殊疑问词被放到了句首(如本句的what),并用陈述语序;可用于该句型的动词除think之外,还包括believe, expect, say,guess, suppose，suggest, imagine, propose等。例如：你认为我们能在什么地方见到他?译：你认为谁对他很友好?

47、译：你觉得他发生了什么事?译：你认为哪个最好？译：四、表语从句表语从句置于系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。1. 可接表从的系动词主要包括：be，look，seem，sound，appear等。2. 引导表从的从属连词分为如下几类：(1) 连接词that用法：事实是他离开了。译：真相是他没能筹够钱。译：他的建议是我们应该保持冷静。译：困难是我们缺乏资金。译：回答很简单，他们没有兴趣完成这件事。译：注意：引导表语从句的连词that有时可以省略。(2) 连接词whether (注意if不可引导表从)用法：问题是他是否能来。译： 我不确定他们输还是赢。译：(3) 连接词 because, as, as if(though)用法： 这仅仅是因为他不认识她。(because)译： 事物并不总是如其表象。(as)译： 他好像累了。(as if)译：(4) 连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which用法： 我想问的是谁离开了。(who)译： 我想知道是