直接引语和间接引语知识点归纳VIP

1、直接引语和间接引语引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转“述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?1、人称的转变1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.>”Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换

2、为第一人称，如：“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfather>toldme.MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.>”Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：Heaskedme,“Will

3、yougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?>HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。2、时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：“Iamverygladtovisityourschoolsaid.”>

4、,sheShesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.>”Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?>”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3

5、bus?>”HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.“Whydidsherefusetogothere?”theketde.acher>asTheteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?>”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.Tomsaid,“Wewerehavingaf

6、ootballmatchthistimeyesterday.>”Tomsaidthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore.Hesaid，“Ihaven'theardfrommyparentsthesedays.>”Hesaidthathehadn'theardfromhisparentsthosedays.3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.>Heal”wayssaysthatheistir

7、edout.2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：Hewillsay,“Illtrymybesttohelp>yHoue.willsaythat”hewilltryhisbesttohelpme.3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.>Hetold”usthathewenttocollegein1994.4）当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.>”Hesaidt

8、hatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansou>nd.”Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.>H”esaidthatpracticemakesperfect.7）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wo

9、uldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时，如：Thedoctorsaid,“You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.>”ThedoctorsaidI'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.>Hes”aidthatshemustbeateacher.Hesaid,“Sheoughttohavearrivedherofficebynow.>”Hesaidthatsheoughttohavearrivedherofficebythen.Th

10、eteachersaid,“Youneedn'thandinyourcompositionstoday.>”Theteachersaidweneedn't/didn'tneedto/didn'thavetohandinourcompositions.Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?>Shea”skedifshehadtotakethemedicine.注：此处用hadto代替must更好Teacher:Youmayhavetheballgamethisafternoon.Student:Whatdidtheteacher

11、say,Monitor?Monitor:Hesaidwemighthavetheballgamethisafternoon.4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化直接引语间接引语前代词this/thesethat/thosenowthentodaythatdaytonightthatnightthisweek(month)thatweek(month)寸间状语yesterdaythedaybeforeastweek(month)theweek(month)beforetwoweeks(month)agotwoweeks(months)beforetomorrowthenextd

12、aynextweek(month)thenextweek(month)地点状语herethere动词comegobringtakeHesaid,"ImetMr.Sthiismorning.他说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。”HesaidthathehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。Hesaid,"Wewenttothecinomaterday.”他说:我们昨天去电影院了。”Hesaidtheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.他说前一天他们去电影院了。Lily said,“Iwillcomeiextcmo

13、nth.“莉莉说:"我下个月回来。”Lilysaidthatshewouldgobackthenextmonth.莉莉说她下一个月就回去。Hesaid,"Itisnineo'cnow.他说:“现在九点了。“Hesaidthatitwasnineo'clockthen.他说那时九点了。Hesaid,"Ihaven'tseentheay.他说:"今天我没见到她。”Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.他说那天他没有见到她。Shesaid,"tweneyesterday.她说:“昨天我去了那

14、儿。”Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.她说前一天她去了那儿。She said,I'll go thhereorrow .她说：“明天我将去那儿。”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextday.她说第二天她将去那儿。Hesaid,"Mysisterwasthreedaysago.他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”before)thathere就不Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here-there;agoShesaid,&

15、quot;comeherethisevening.她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.她说刃B晚她斗哥去刃BJL。(comefgo;herefthere；this以上这些变化，要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，必改为there,come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用，间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。Fathersaid,“Ianthfreefternoon”父亲说:“我今天下午有

16、空。“fFathersaidthathewasfreethisafternoon父亲说他今天下午有空。Hesaid,“Iamgoingstomorrow.他说“我明天去那里。”fHesaidthathewasgoingtheretomorrow.他说他明天去那里。巧记:去掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldtha

17、t,如：Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.>Hesaid'tou-thathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,"I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.>”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.（不可说toldthat）repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等，又如：Hesaid,"I'mlatebecauseo

18、ftheheavytraffic.>Heexpla”ned4ousthathewaslatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。Thedoctorsaid,“Youarenotseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon>”Thedoctorsaid（that）IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中

19、谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us尊），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?>"Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?>"HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.3）直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whetheror表达，而不用ifor,也不用

20、eitheror如.：Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?>He-askedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?>Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：Heasked,"What'syourname?”>-He-asked（me）whatmynamew

21、as.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?>"Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等。如asksb.todo,（由肯定祈使句变成）asksb.nottodo（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：Hesaid,“Beseated,please.

22、>He-askedustobeseated.“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting.”>HesaidHetold-etobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.“Nevercomehereagain!”saidtheofficernearby.Theofficer-orderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.“Don'ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,"the*teachersaid.Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnotto

23、touchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.6）有些含有建议”->、劝告”>的祈检句，可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述，如：Hesaid,"Let'shavearest.>Hesuggestedourhavingarest.Hesaid,“Letmehelpyou.>Hofferedtohelpme.7）当直接引语形式上是疝不句，有表示请求，/议意义时，可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式转述。如：“Wouldyoumindopeni

24、ngthedoor?”heaskedaskemetoopenthedoor.“Whynotgoingoutforawalk?heasked'us.>Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!>Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.即学即练1. Heaskedforthecomputer.A.didI

25、payhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2. “Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.fHeaskedme.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm3. “Pleaseclosethewindow,"hesaidtome.fHemethewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclos

26、e4. “Iamateacher,"Jacksaid.fHesaid.A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher5. Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.-veryrnOHfghty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas6. "You'vealreadyg

27、otwell,haven'tyou?”sheasked.fSheasked.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadnB.WhettlyouIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.7. Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?fHeaskedme.B. how are you getting alongA.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguemember8. Heas

28、ked,“Howareyougettingalong?1. howamIgettingalong8. wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.”fHeasked.C.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong9. Heaskedmewithme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what'sthematterD.whatwasthematter10. Hesaid,"Don'tdothata

29、gain."Hemethatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;dondo'Cttoldme;don'Dddoldme;nottodo11.我告诉他我丢了钱并会找到这笔钱。?12.她问我第一天后没后至。?13.我问她第二天去哪里去干什么。?14.他爸爸告诉他/、要身着新外套去爬树。?15.这个陌生人问我的名字是什么。?16.他说:“我把书落在你房间了。”?17.她说:"他会很忙的。"?18.她对汤姆说："你能帮我吗?"?19."Wheredoesyourchemistryteacher

30、live,Karen?"?'theyoungmanasked.?20."Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,"thelittleboysaidhappily.?21."Lighttravelsfasterthansound,"thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.?_?_?_?22."Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?"?Maryaskedme.?23."Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?"theoldmanaskedmybrother.?24.Sheaskedwhatwasthematterwithme.25.HeaskedmeifIwassureaboutthat.1.D。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。2.D。般疑问句要变成whet