《英语写作修辞》

1、Comparative Figures of Speech in English and ChineseZhao Xiaojun整理课件2022-3-8整理课件2Simile Love is flower-like. Choose an author as you choose a friend. 一个战士结实得象小炮弹。 -杨朔三千里江山他只是摇头，脸上虽然刻着许多皱纹，却全然不动，仿佛石像一样。 -鲁迅故乡还似旧时游上苑，车如流水马如龙。 -李煜忆江南2022-3-8整理课件3Light as a breeze, soft as a cloud. as cool as cucumber,

2、cold as a marble, busy as a bee, firm as a rock, light as a feather, strong as a horse,like a duck to water, like a hen on a hot griddle, like a cat in a hole As if /as though and the fattest woman I have ever seen in my life dozing in a straight-backed chair. It was as if a sack of grain was suppor

3、ted by a matchbox. A is to B what C is to D The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter. Marx did for the development of society what Darwin did for the development of the biology.2022-3-8整理课件4Than A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears. A word and a stone let go canno

4、t be recalled. Kings and bears often worry their keepers. I compare his genius to a lightening flash. He treats his daughter as the apple in the eye.2022-3-8整理课件5Metaphor Police work on inner city streets is a domestic Vietnam I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed! Her hostility melted. He has a f

5、ertile imagination. 他是现代哲学之父。 我们大多数人动不动就对别人刮起批评的寒风，不知为什么却不愿意把表扬的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。2022-3-8整理课件6Personification The long flames sang their drumming chorus in voices of the heaviest bass. (物体，无形的自然现象） Edelweiss, edelweiss,every morning you greet me. It is useless for the sheep to pass resolutions in favor o

6、f vegetarianism while the wolf remains of a different opinion. （动物，植物）2022-3-8整理课件7抽象的概念 Time is like a fashionable host, that slightly shakes his passing guest by the hand; and with his arms stretched, as he would fly, grasps in the corner. The welcomes ever smile, and farewell goes out sighing. -W

7、illiam Shakespeare2022-3-8整理课件8Metonymy The kettle is boiling. Give me our bread. “你还记得李槐光吗？她原来同情过你，帮助过咱们，现在为了成为女诗人， 她却成天读起莎士比亚了。”2022-3-8整理课件9Synecdoche (提喻） No eye saw him,but a second later every ear heard a gunshot.（部分整体） England won the football game.（全体-部分） The smiling season has come.（一类-一种）

8、Oh, the spring should vanish with the rose! Have you any coppers?（原材料制品） Yet there were some stout hearts who attempted resistance.（个体一类）2022-3-8整理课件10Euphemism (traditional, and stylistic) Traditional1.death:go to the other world, pass away, be no more, breathe ones last,come to an end, join the ma

9、jority, go to ones rest, sleep the final sleep, be gathered to ones father, join ones ancestor, be asleep in the Arms of God, return to dust, run ones race, be no longer with us, go the way of all flesh; corpsedearly departed,undertakerfuneral director, graveyardchurchyard, coffin-casket2022-3-8整理课件

10、11Disease:look off color, under the weather, social disease, not all there,leprosyHansens disease, constipation-irregularity Sex: have relation with, go to bed with, sleep around; in a family way, in an interesting condition, join the club, in a delicate condition Excretion: pass water, go to stool,

11、 see the stars, get some fresh air, see ones aunt, wash ones hands2022-3-8整理课件12Stylistic Profession: gardenerlandscape-architect, dustmansanitation engineer, plumberpipe engineer, housewifehouse maker or household executive; tree-surgeon, shoe-rebuilder, The old,weak,sick and disabled: old peoplese

12、nior citizen,old maidsingle or unmarried, crippledhandicapped, insane asylummental hospital or rest house, drunkardsalcoholics; exceptional child2022-3-8整理课件13Others Pawnshop（当铺）loan office, used car（旧车）pre-owned car, commercialmessage; 旧家具店说成antiques（古董）; 外交辞令the talks were frank（双方陈述了各自的立场，未达成任何协议

13、）2022-3-8整理课件14Irony Phrase:1.We are lucky. Its the other side on the 13th of December. That makes us feel real good.2. It saves a lot of trouble if, instead of having to earn money and save it, you can just go and borrow it.2022-3-8整理课件15Context For instance, the nuns who never take a bath without

14、wearing a bathrobe all the time, when asked why, since no man can see them, they reply, “Oh, but you forget the good God.” Apparently they conceive the Deity as a peeping Tom, whose omnipotence enables Him to see through bathroom walls, but who is foiled by bathrobes. This view strikes me as curious

15、.2022-3-8整理课件16Quotation “The moon,” writes Lawrence,“certainly isnt a snowy cold world, like a world of our own gone cold.Nonsense, it is a globe of dynamic substance, like radium or phosphorus, coagulated upon a vivid pole of energy.” The defect of this statement is that happens to be demonstrably

16、 untrue.2022-3-8整理课件17Hyperbole(overstatement) Polly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellation of out space. ( climax) In the dock, she found scores of arrows piercing her chest. He run down the avenue, making a noise like ten horse at a gallop. Sta

17、nd still in Shanghai for two minutes and ten million people will rush at you like pins at magnet.2022-3-8整理课件18Understatement According to the newspaper, the driver, who was returning from a wedding, seemed puzzled. “I only had two bottles of beer and a cocktail.” If Saddam Hussein goes out of power

18、, no tear is to be shed. During last years Central Park Bicycle Race, five of the racers were attacked and had their bikes stolen while the race was in progress. This is something of a handicap in a bicycle race. Could be better.2022-3-8整理课件19Transferred Epithet The Grape of Wrath - John Steinbeck T

19、hey prolonged the clasp for the photographer, exchanging smiling words. He crashed down on a protesting chair.2022-3-8整理课件20Oxymoron Audible stillness Bitter-sweet memory A mercifully fatal blow A life-and-death matter Hasten slowly2022-3-8整理课件21Paradox One has to be cruel to be kind. Art is a form

20、of lying in order to tell the truth. In fact it appears that teachers of English teach English so poorly largely because they teach Grammar so well.2022-3-8整理课件22Alliteration 1. Deep in debt2. Now or never3. Physical pain4. Wind of the western sea5. Money makes the mare go.6. The world believes in t

21、he wonder worker, not in the words of wisdom.7. Sea, sun, sand, seclusionand Spain.8. Pride and Prejudice.2022-3-8整理课件23Allusion I have nourished a viper in my bosom! You want your pound of flesh, dont you? I never believe until then that any meal could defeat me, but on that day I met my Waterloo.2

22、022-3-8整理课件24Antithesis Penny wise, pond foolish. Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. Deeds show what we are, words, what we should be. An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity, a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity.2022-3-8整理课件25Pun 谐音1.Seven days without w

23、ater make one weak.2.A professor tapped on his desk and shouted, “Gentlemenorder!” The entire class yelled “beer.” 语义1.To England I will steal, and there Ill steal.2.A Farewell to Arms.2022-3-8整理课件26Parody （仿拟） A friend in need is a friend to be avoided. Judge(in dentist chair): Do you swear that yo

24、u will pull the tooth, the whole tooth, and nothing but the tooth? Twinkle,twinkle, little bat! How I wonder what youre at! Up above the world you fly! Like a tea tray in the sky!2022-3-8整理课件27Palindrome Poor Dan is in a droop. Step on no pets. Shall we all die? We shall die all; All die shall we Di

25、e all we shall.2022-3-8整理课件28Climax But in a larger sense we cannot dedicatewe cannot consecratewe cannot hallow this ground. 贼来如梳，兵来如蓖，官来如剃。2022-3-8整理课件29Others (repetition, parallelism) When Della had finished crying, she went to the window and looked out sadly at a gray cat waling along a gray fe

26、nce in a gray back-yard. - O. Henry : The Gift of Magi Farewell to the mountains high covered with snow! Farewell to the straths and green valleys below! Farewell to the forest and wild-hanging woods! Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods! -Robert Burns: My Hearts in the Highlands 2022-3-

27、8整理课件30Simile Love is flower-like. Choose an author as you choose a friend. 一个战士结实得象小炮弹。 -杨朔三千里江山他只是摇头，脸上虽然刻着许多皱纹，却全然不动，仿佛石像一样。 -鲁迅故乡还似旧时游上苑，车如流水马如龙。 -李煜忆江南2022-3-8整理课件31Light as a breeze, soft as a cloud. as cool as cucumber, cold as a marble, busy as a bee, firm as a rock, light as a feather, stro

28、ng as a horse,like a duck to water, like a hen on a hot griddle, like a cat in a hole As if /as though and the fattest woman I have ever seen in my life dozing in a straight-backed chair. It was as if a sack of grain was supported by a matchbox. A is to B what C is to D The pen is to a writer what t

29、he gun is to a fighter. Marx did for the development of society what Darwin did for the development of the biology.2022-3-8整理课件32Than A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears. A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled. Kings and bears often worry their keepers. I compare his

30、genius to a lightening flash. He treats his daughter as the apple in the eye.2022-3-8整理课件33Metaphor Police work on inner city streets is a domestic Vietnam I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed! Her hostility melted. He has a fertile imagination. 他是现代哲学之父。 我们大多数人动不动就对别人刮起批评的寒风，不知为什么却不愿意把表扬的温暖阳光给予我

31、们的同伴。2022-3-8整理课件34Personification The long flames sang their drumming chorus in voices of the heaviest bass. (物体，无形的自然现象） Edelweiss, edelweiss,every morning you greet me. It is useless for the sheep to pass resolutions in favor of vegetarianism while the wolf remains of a different opinion. （动物，植物）

32、2022-3-8整理课件35抽象的概念 Time is like a fashionable host, that slightly shakes his passing guest by the hand; and with his arms stretched, as he would fly, grasps in the corner. The welcomes ever smile, and farewell goes out sighing. -William Shakespeare2022-3-8整理课件36Metonymy The kettle is boiling. Give

33、me our bread. “你还记得李槐光吗？她原来同情过你，帮助过咱们，现在为了成为女诗人， 她却成天读起莎士比亚了。”2022-3-8整理课件37Synecdoche (提喻） No eye saw him,but a second later every ear heard a gunshot.（部分整体） England won the football game.（全体-部分） The smiling season has come.（一类-一种） Oh, the spring should vanish with the rose! Have you any coppers?（原

34、材料制品） Yet there were some stout hearts who attempted resistance.（个体一类）2022-3-8整理课件38Euphemism (traditional, and stylistic) Traditional1.death:go to the other world, pass away, be no more, breathe ones last,come to an end, join the majority, go to ones rest, sleep the final sleep, be gathered to ones

35、 father, join ones ancestor, be asleep in the Arms of God, return to dust, run ones race, be no longer with us, go the way of all flesh; corpsedearly departed,undertakerfuneral director, graveyardchurchyard, coffin-casket2022-3-8整理课件39Disease:look off color, under the weather, social disease, not al

36、l there,leprosyHansens disease, constipation-irregularity Sex: have relation with, go to bed with, sleep around; in a family way, in an interesting condition, join the club, in a delicate condition Excretion: pass water, go to stool, see the stars, get some fresh air, see ones aunt, wash ones hands2

37、022-3-8整理课件40Stylistic Profession: gardenerlandscape-architect, dustmansanitation engineer, plumberpipe engineer, housewifehouse maker or household executive; tree-surgeon, shoe-rebuilder, The old,weak,sick and disabled: old peoplesenior citizen,old maidsingle or unmarried, crippledhandicapped, insa

38、ne asylummental hospital or rest house, drunkardsalcoholics; exceptional child2022-3-8整理课件41Others Pawnshop（当铺）loan office, used car（旧车）pre-owned car, commercialmessage; 旧家具店说成antiques（古董）; 外交辞令the talks were frank（双方陈述了各自的立场，未达成任何协议）2022-3-8整理课件42Irony Phrase:1.We are lucky. Its the other side on t

39、he 13th of December. That makes us feel real good.2. It saves a lot of trouble if, instead of having to earn money and save it, you can just go and borrow it.2022-3-8整理课件43Context For instance, the nuns who never take a bath without wearing a bathrobe all the time, when asked why, since no man can s

40、ee them, they reply, “Oh, but you forget the good God.” Apparently they conceive the Deity as a peeping Tom, whose omnipotence enables Him to see through bathroom walls, but who is foiled by bathrobes. This view strikes me as curious.2022-3-8整理课件44Quotation “The moon,” writes Lawrence,“certainly isn

41、t a snowy cold world, like a world of our own gone cold.Nonsense, it is a globe of dynamic substance, like radium or phosphorus, coagulated upon a vivid pole of energy.” The defect of this statement is that happens to be demonstrably untrue.2022-3-8整理课件45Hyperbole(overstatement) Polly, I love you. Y

42、ou are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellation of out space. ( climax) In the dock, she found scores of arrows piercing her chest. He run down the avenue, making a noise like ten horse at a gallop. Stand still in Shanghai for two minutes and ten million people will ru

43、sh at you like pins at magnet.2022-3-8整理课件46Understatement According to the newspaper, the driver, who was returning from a wedding, seemed puzzled. “I only had two bottles of beer and a cocktail.” If Saddam Hussein goes out of power, no tear is to be shed. During last years Central Park Bicycle Rac

44、e, five of the racers were attacked and had their bikes stolen while the race was in progress. This is something of a handicap in a bicycle race. Could be better.2022-3-8整理课件47Transferred Epithet The Grape of Wrath - John Steinbeck They prolonged the clasp for the photographer, exchanging smiling wo

45、rds. He crashed down on a protesting chair.2022-3-8整理课件48Oxymoron Audible stillness Bitter-sweet memory A mercifully fatal blow A life-and-death matter Hasten slowly2022-3-8整理课件49Paradox One has to be cruel to be kind. Art is a form of lying in order to tell the truth. In fact it appears that teache

46、rs of English teach English so poorly largely because they teach Grammar so well.2022-3-8整理课件50Alliteration 1. Deep in debt2. Now or never3. Physical pain4. Wind of the western sea5. Money makes the mare go.6. The world believes in the wonder worker, not in the words of wisdom.7. Sea, sun, sand, seclusionand Spain.8. Pride and Prejudice.2022-3-8整理课件51Allusion I have nourished a viper in my bosom! You want your pound of flesh, dont you? I never believe until then that a