高中语法专题教案代词详解

1、代词3.1主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey人宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem称形容词性物myyourhisheritsouryourtheir代主代词词主名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myseyoursehimseherselitseourselvyourselvthemselve语lflflfflfesess用主格；动词后和介词后用宾格。（一）、名词性物主代词后面不跟名词。形容词性物主代词后面必须跟名词。（二）、形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词.My book=mineHis sweater=his

2、Your desks=yoursHer CDs=hersIts milk=its（三）、反身代词又称为自身代词，表示动作执行者本身。它还可以在句中起强调的 作用，用以加强语气。（1）可用作宾语Eg, Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.(2)用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。Eg, She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the super star himself last week.(3)用在某些固定短语中。Look after on

3、eselfTake care of oneselfLearn sth by oneselfEnjoy oneselfHelp oneself to sthHurt oneselfBuy oneself sthIntroduce oneself温馨提示1、反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语Eg,(误)， Myself can finish my homework.(正),I myself can finish my homework.I can finish my homework myself.3.2疑问代词疑问在找翻译:谁who 土格Whose+n.whichwhat谁whom宾格

4、谁的哪个（些）什么句：你谁？疑问句：这是谁的书？翻译:疑问句：哪本书是你的?翻译:主语从句：我做的都是为了你翻译:定语从句：你是我要找的那个人。翻译：3.3 指示代词近指： This is my pen. These are my pens.远指：That is my pen. Those are my pens.1. this:指代近处的事物、指代接下来要提到的东西。Please remember this: don't disturb others in the library指代接下来要提到的东西）2. that:指代远处的事物、指代前边提到的东西、也用于比较句型中指代前边提到的

5、名词 如：What is that over there?He was ill. That is why he didn't go to school.住旨代前边提到的东西）The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Hainan. &匕较级中使用，that指代不可数名词）3. 另外，在电话用语中this是介绍自己，that是询问对方。如：This is Davidspeaking.（介绍自己）Who's that speaking?（旬问对方）3.4 指示代词：suchSuch was the way he spoke

6、to me.Such are my viewpoints on happiness.Such代词做主语： 这样的人 /物I have never seen such flowers/a flower.Teachers such as Jack and Adam are considerate. Such 形容词： 这样的He talks in such simple Englishas children could understand.岸语从句He talks in such simple Englishthat children could understandit.状语从句3.5 指示代

7、词：samesame甚seim美semadj.同一的；相同的，同样的;pron.同一事物；同样的人；（和）同样的事物；（数目、颜色、大小、质量等）相同adv.同样,类似；（即形容词、代词、副词）例子：Thank you all the same.Same here.The same to you.I feel the same way with you.If I were in your shoes,I would do exactly the same as you did.3.6 不定代词：one VS itOne代替可数名词单数A: I ve just bought a new car.

8、B: I'm gonna buy one tomorrow.Ones代替可数名词复数My shoes are similar to the ones you had on yesterday.It前文提及的同一物A: Are you still using your old car?B: No,I sold it yesterday.1、it指同名同物，one和that同名异物Eg : I like the bike, but I have no money to buy it.I like bicycles, but I cannot afford to buy one.The bi

9、ke I want to buy is more beautiful than that he has2、It用来指代前文提到的那个事物，指的是同名同物。Eg :The weather here is too windy. I do not like it.It可以替名词性从句，动名词和不定式。做形式主语和形式宾语Eg: If you take a bus at the airport, it will take you half an hour to get there.I found it hard to understand.3、one只能代替可数名词单数，that可以代替可数名词单数和

10、不可数名词。I like this pen more than that one.Mary' s handwriting is far better than that of peter.it：指代时间，日期，天气等，还有一些固定的短语。还有指代前边提到的同一个东 西。还有指代不明的人或者不明性别的婴儿。如：The book on the desk is not mine. It is Jim s.（指代前边提至同一个东西）Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is1（代不明的人）How cute the b

11、aby it is!（指代不明性别的婴儿）What' s the date today? It' s 25th July.6旨代日期）What time is it? It's five o'clock.（指代时间）What' s the weather today? 11 s rainy.（指代天气）It is important for/of sb. to do sth. /It' s one's turn to do sth.固定短语）不定代词：Some VS any不定代词：nothing VS none VS no oneNot

12、hing什么也没有-Is there anything in the box?-Nothing.No one=nobody仅指人，不和of连用Did anyone come to see me ?No one.None：同类事物没有None of your business.-Is theres any coffee in the fridge?-None.辨析:both/neither/either/all/noneboth指两者都第5页/共11页neither指两者都不both-neither / all-noneeither指两者中的任何一个all指全部，三者或者三者以上none指都不，

13、全不，三者或者三者以上辨析：few VS littleHe has few friends.They had little money.He can speak a little Chinese.She bought a few apples.辨析：other VS another3.7 复合不定代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词I介词又叫前置词，一般置于名词（或相当于名词的其他词类或结构）之1 介 :前，在句中不单独充当句子成分，必须与其后的名词等构成介词短语，！词的分L才能在句中充当成分。像媒婆、媒介。_ _类引导时间，地点，除外，方

14、位，经过，上下，方式，原因，价格，属性，比较等等二.表时间的介词短语比较 at/on/in：at:钟点，黎明，正午at noon,黄昏，午夜等名词前，at the beginning/end.in：某年、月、季节、上午、下午、晚上等的时间名词以及较长的时间如世纪、朝代之第6页/共11页、乙刖。on具体的某一天、星期几及某一天的上午、下午、晚上等的时间名词前I 'll see you at New Year.时刻点：短I was born on New Years Day/Monday. 具体某一天I was born in 1991/March/spring.时间段：长I was bo

15、rn on a cold morning/Friday morning.I didn't see him in the morning.填空： He arrived six the night of the 5th.比较：for, during, throughfor：指某个动作或状态持续了多长时间。He has been in Shanghai for two days.他在上海两天了。during：指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次，或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过，起止时间比较明显。He swims every day during the summer

16、.夏季他每天都游泳。through：在期间；从开头到结尾（最后那天包括在内，此时与throughout相同）We work hard all through the year.比较： from, sincefrom：只用作介词，表示某动作或情况自某时开始，不表示什么时候结束。She studied the piano from the age of three.她从三岁开始学钢琴。since：既可用作介词，也可用作连词，常表示某动作或情况自某时开始，一直持续到说话时刻。I've been here since three o'clock but nobody came yet.

17、第7页/共11页我从三点起一直在这儿，但没有人来过。He has known her since he lived in this street.自从他住到这条街上以来，他就认识她。比较：before， by ， until ， tillbefore：早于；在之前The new road will be completed before the end of the year.这条新道路将在年底以前建成。by：表示"不迟于，在（某时）前”；表示“在期间，在时间内”。until ：是比较正式的用法。在肯定句中和持续性动词连用，表示动作一直持续到 until后面的时间为止；在否定句中和瞬

18、间性动词连用，表示该动作直到 until 后面的时间才开始。 till ：意义与 until 相同。I shall wait until 10 o'clock.我将等到 10 点钟。I didn't go to sleep until midnight.直到午夜我才睡觉。He works from morning till night ， day after day.他日复一日从早工作到晚。比较：after， in ， withinwithin：指”在之内”，强调事情发生的全过程不超过某一段时间。after：后接时间段表示过去“一段时间之后”，与一般过去时态连用；后接时间点表示

19、“某一时刻之后”，与将来时态连用。He promised that the roof should be repaired within two day他答应两天之内就把屋顶修好。at/byat six 是说她六点钟来。 by six 在六点钟之前，不迟于六点钟。在间，在的时候.如：He worked by day and slept by night.注意：当时间名词前有this， that， last， next， some， every 等词限定时，通常不用任何介词鲜为人知的 inThers products will be produced in a month. 延续性动词+in ：

20、在 .以内He will arrive in 10 minutes. 非延续性动词 +in ：在 .以后He will arrive after two o clock.三表地点的介词短语on, above, over皆可表示 “在之上”。区别是on表示与表面接触的上方；above表示“在上方，高于"，但不垂直，表面不接触；over表示正上方，强调“垂直在之上”，如果over指上下接触，则含有部分或全部覆盖之意，还可表示动作在某物体的上方进行，意为“越过，通过”。below, under, beneath皆可表示 “在之下”。below表示不垂直并与表面不接触的下方；under表示垂

21、直并与表面不接触的下方； beneath表示在某物之下，可以表示垂直或不垂直，也可以表示上下接触的意思。比较： in front of ， in the front of两个介词短语皆有“在前面”的意思，区别是 in front of 通常相对于某物体的外部来说，指某人或某物位于该物前面，意为“在前面”；in the front of通常相对于空间而言，指某人或某物位于某个空间的内部，意为“在的前部”。比较：near， beside， bybeside和near者B有“靠近”的意思，beside强调“在旁边( = at the side of)”，指两者的位置关系，多用于人；near意为“在附

22、近( = at a short distance from)”， 第9页/共 11页表示两者之间的距离，多用于场所，另外near还可表示时间或程度等。by表示“在 旁边”时意为“倚，凭，靠，沿着”比较：about， round， around表示“在周围”时，about指的是“靠近周围”，不表示“把团团围 住”，而round和around指“完全的、封闭的周围"，round既可表示静态位置，也可 表示动态的动作，around通常表示静态的位置。比较： along， across， through， byalong意为“沿着”，和动态动词连用，也可以和静态动词连用，表示“在空间的某一点

23、上，在某一段空间里”。across的含义与on有关，表示在某一物体的表面进行的，指从一端到另一端或成十 字交叉穿过。through 的含义与 in 有关，表示从物体中间穿过，这个动作是在三维空间进行的，表示有步骤的，内在关系的传递性We learn a second language through listening, speaking, reading and writing.I got to know him through a friend.by 表示从某物或某人的旁边经过。across可以表示“在对面或另一边"，相当于 opposite在表示“架空”的意思时，across强

24、调“横过"，over侧重“屹立”比较：to,on,inHainan lies in the south of China.比较：as,likeSimons works as a waiter. 本身就是Simons looks like as a waiter. 类似比较： with,byHe killed the fly by hitting it.He killed the fly with a book.实战：The foreigner spoke to us English.He makes a living selling newspapers.He broke the window a stone.比较：It is+a