新概念英语第二册第1课笔记

1、Lesson 1 A private conversationangry adj.生气的angrily adv.生气地attention n.注意bear v.容忍business n.事rudely adv.无礼地，粗鲁地二、【New words and expressions生词和短语(12) private adj.私人的 conversation n.谈话 theatre n.剧场，戏院 seat n.座位 play n.戏loudly adv.大声地1、private (1) adj.私人的 同义词：personal private life 私生活 private school 私

2、立学校 private letter 私人信件 private conversation 私人谈话private company 私人公司 private secretary 私人秘书private affairs 私事That is for your private ear.那是说给你一个人听的秘密。It's my private letter.（如果妈妈想看你的信）It's my private house.（如果陌生人想进你的房子）-private 强调隐私-personal仅指个人的，不强调隐私，没有秘密可言（2） adj.秘密的同义词：secreta private/

3、secret place 个秘密的地方（3） adj.普通的private citizen 普通公民I'm a private citizen. （citizen n. 公民）private soldier 大兵« Private Ryan» （拯救大兵瑞恩）（4） public adj.公众的，公开的（private的反义词）public school 公立学校 public letter 公开信 public place公共场所=in private=in public（不愿让别人知道的）内容可正式可不正式，也可以私人。Let's have a talk

4、。闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。对话，可以指正式国家与国家会谈。China and Korea are having a dialogue。指非正式谈话。一般用于正式文体中。（5） privately adv.私人、秘密 publicly adv.公开（6） privacy n.隐私It's privacy.这是我的隐私!2、conversation n.谈话talkchat dialogueconversation（1） 交谈gossip名词变动词 sayspeakspeechdiscussdiscussionThey are having a conversati

5、on。嚼舌头，说长道短。vt.表不说的内容表示讲语言时，是及物动词；speak English、speak Chinese表示说话、谈话时，是不及物动词n.谈话，交谈有着严肃目的的讨论n.讨论subject of conversation 话题t talk、conversation(2) have a < dialogue > with sb.与某人交谈chat、gossip )have a talk with sb.=talk with sb.have a conversation with sb.=conversate with sb.have a chat with sb.=

6、chat with sb.talk with/to sb. 和某人谈话talk about谈论talk with/to sb. about sth.和某人谈论某事I have a quiet consation with my closest friend.我和我最好的朋友进行密谈。I saw him in conversation with a friend.我看见他在和朋友谈话。No conversation while I m talking.我讲话的时候不要谈话。We had a long chat about old times. 我们聊了许多关于过去的事。be in convers

7、ation with sb.和在聊天表示状态be having conversation with sb.He is nothing but a gossip.他就是个爱嚼舌头的人。(3) converse v.谈话，交谈converse with sb. 和某人谈话(4) have words with sb.与争吵3、theatre= theater （美式用法）n.剧场（=play house （口语化），戏居U 类似的单词：metre= meter （美式用法）centre = center (美式用法)theatre goer 戏迷-play goercinema n.电影院dram

8、a opera多指歌剧play看电影= go to the movies = go to the film看戏听音乐会上学（1）地点名词前必须加定冠词的寸 cinemago to the J theatreconcert（2）地点名词前通常不加定冠词的f schoolhospital church go toprisoncollege sea town住院 作礼拜坐牢 上大学洗海澡 进城以上的名词表示地点时前面可以加the,意为“去地方”表达某种身份时不能加(He is in prison.He is in the prison.-go to college go to the college

9、the。他在坐牢。他在监狱里。上大学去大学办事4、seat (1) n.座位take a seat/ take your seat 坐下来，就坐take q a/one's seat 请坐"have ".相关词组：offer sb. a seat给某人让座get a seat找个座have a good seat/ place坐的位置不错one's指对号入座a指随便就座这里的seat指place (指地点)，而不是chair。Is the seat taken?这个位置有人吗？(2) seat vt.让某人就座seat sb.让某人就坐，后面会加人he se

10、ated me in/on a comfortable sofa.在沙发上、本子上用 on或in均可。(3)请坐的4种说法：英语最为地道的说法他让我坐在一张舒服的沙发上。l Sit down,please.(命令性)口语化的Take your seat,please.Seat yourself,please. Be seated,please.(更礼貌)代表状态(4)作为动词的seat与sit的区别sit (sat, sitten) vi.就座He is sitting there.他坐在那儿。Seat yourselfosit down 坐下(5)be seated=take a seat

11、就坐有一些动词的宾语是反身代词时，等于它的被动语态hurt 、h hurtdressoneself =; beJdresseddevote><devotedseatseated(He devoted himself to the education.He was devoted to the education.be seated = be sitting正在坐着他把自己奉献给教育事业。表小状态I found him sitting in/on a comfortable sofa.(宾补)我发现他坐在一张舒服的沙发上。seated in/on a comfortable sofa

12、.I found that hewas seated in/on a comfortable sofa. (that从句)" was sitting in/on a comfortable sofa. find -think l后接宾语补足语或从句多用宾补believeI found him listening to th music.I found her beautiful.(6) vt. 容纳 相当于 hold、accommodateThe hall can seat 100 person.这个大厅可以容纳100 人。5、play (1) vt.进行的活动玩运动项目时，前面不加

13、定冠词theplay football踢足球play cards打牌play basketball打篮球play chess下棋play volleyball打羽毛球玩乐器时，前面要加定冠词theplay the violin拉小提琴play the piano弹钢琴play the guitar 弹吉他玩弄、摆弄fire 玩火toys玩玩具去看戏强调声音大强调出声，不一定是大声不但声音大而且嘈杂朗读大声笑大声讲话大声敲打大声按铃大声点扬声器(2) vi.玩 play with play with(3) n.戏剧 g go to the theatre “j go to see a play

14、comedy喜居 1二 tragedy 悲剧 playwright n.居U作家 6、loudly adv.大声地(1) loudadv.&adj._aloudadv.loudlyadv.(2) read aloud laugh loud talk loud knock loudly ring loudly Louder, please. loud speakerHe speaks in a loud/high voice. In a low voice In a strong voice In a weak voiceloud在使用时一般都用比较级loud adj.他大声讲话。低声不

15、但声音大而且有底气声音小且微弱7、angry adj.生气的(1) angry =crossI was angry. /He was cross。有些闹心生气非常生气脸色发青（脸色都青了，相当生气了）annoy trouble disturb annoyed 恼火的； be blue in the face脸上突然变色I was annoyed oI was angry/cross。I was very angry。深 VI am blue in the face.(2) be angry woth sb.生某人的气be angry at/about/over sth. 因为而生气(3) an

16、ger n.怒气He's full of anger.他彳艮生气。= he is very angry.表达心中的情感通常用be full of来表达，最为地道。(4) angrily adv.生气地=with angerHe is looking at me angrily.with anger.介词词组表达情感时用 with ,等于它的副词。 difficultly = with difficultsmlingly = with a smile8、attention n.注意(U.) 词根：attendAttention , please.请注意(口 语)pay attention

17、 注意pay attention to 对注意参加、照顾to是介词You must pay attention to that girl.pay a little attention pay much attention pay more attention pay no attention pay little attention pay close attention pay enough attentionk pay some attention l Attention!Stand to attention. Stand at ease.稍加注意多加注意更多注意不用注意不太注意特别注意足

18、够关注在思立正 口语化正式用法稍息9、bear (bore, born) v. 容忍(1) vt.承受，支撑，承担，负担Can the ice bear my weight?Who will bear the cost? 谁来承担这笔费用？(2) vt.忍受(一般与表示"能够"的字眼，如can、could、be able to连用于疑问句及否定句中)She eats too fast. I can' t bear to watch/watching her.她吃得太快。我看着受不了。How can you bear living in this place? 你怎么

19、能受得了住在这个地方？I can't bear it.生育孩子把记在心里我会把它记在心里。b bear stand 忍受，容忍 e endure put up with 、suffer(3) vt.生育be born 生于一 bear a child give birth to sb.(4) vt.怀有的情感 bear sth. in mind I ll bear it in mind.bear/stand/endure忍受的极限在加大多指承受自然、病痛等比较生硬委婉的说法记起(原来记过)记住(原来没记过)(5)记住remember/recall/recollect-Jmemorize

20、J背诵recitelearn sth. by heart(6) bear n.熊bear hug 热情(热烈)的拥抱give sb. a bear hug10、business n.事，生意(1) n.生意business man 生意人do business 做生意 go on business 公出(2) n.某人自己的私人的事情t thing所有的事都可以用thing来表示matter多指麻烦事事d affair (s)指国际大事business多指商业、生意上的事、incident指特殊的一件小事，尤其指巧合的小事It's none of your business. 不关你的

21、事。(3)职业What's your job?你是做什么工作的？What do you do?J What are you?What line/business are you in?What's your occupation?11、rudely adv.无礼地，粗鲁地(1) rude adj.粗鲁的，无礼的 同义词：impolite 反义词：polite be rude to sb. 对某人粗鲁a rude answer 粗鲁的回答(2)表示人们的心理情感的形容词变名词时多用-nessrudeness n.粗鲁kindnessgoodness(3) shout at cry

22、 atshout to cry tocall out topoint at sb.at表示近距离，且多含有侮辱的意思to表示远距离，不含有侮辱成分指着某人(很不礼貌的)(4) It's +被动语态名词 L,表语形容词JIt's rude of sb. to do sth.+ of/for sb. that从句 +J doingto do sth.It's + adj. + for sb. 此类形容词有：dangerous、表示这件事对某人的影响结果，人是动作的执行者safe easy、 difficult 、 hard、 different > necssary、

23、 essential、normal > importantIt's important for you to study English.It's easy for them to help you.It's dangerous for him to walk outside.It's + adj. + of sb.表示这件事反映某人的品质止匕类形容词有：rude、 kind、 friendly、 polite、 nice、 cruel It's+ n. + of/for sb.常用的名词有： a pity、a shame fun It's

24、 a pity for him to miss the class. It's n no use doing no goodIt's no use crying now.12、pay vt. &vi.支付(1) vt. &vi.支付(价款等)Have you paid the taxi-driver?You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds 您可以先付 30 英镑的定金I ' ll pay by instments。I paid 50 dollars for this skirt. (pay-for sth.花/支付(

25、钱)买)(2) vt. &vi.给予(注意等)；去(访问)They did not pay any attention 。We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday.上星期天我们去拜访了老师。(3) n.工资，报酬I have not received my pay yet. 我还没有领至U工资。二、Grammer(一)一般现在时1、结构(1)主语+动词原形(2)主语+ be动词+非动词2、常用的时间副词(1)频率副词always、 usually、 often、 sometimes、ever、 never、seldom (=rarely)、f

26、requently(2) in the morning > at night、on Sunday、every+时间名词(3)次数十时间段以上的词均用 how often提问。测试答案：(1) The teacher asked us to read aloud.老师让我们朗读。The teacher let us read aloud.(2) He laughed at (made fun of) me in public, and I couldn 't bear him. 他在公共场 合嘲笑我，我无法忍受他。(3) It's dangerous for you to

27、play with fire in thde street.在大街上玩火是彳艮危险的。that you play with fire in the street.(4) He cried/shouted at me angrily/with anger.他生气地向我喊叫。(5) I seated him in a comfortable place.(6) I often go tothe theatre. 我经常去看戏。I see a play.(7) He doesn't pay any attention to may words.他根本不注意我的话。He pays on att

28、ention to may words.(8) Can the hall seat 500 people.这个大厅能容纳 500 人吗？(9) 9) By the end of last year, he had been in college for three years.至怯年年底，他已经上大学三年了。(10) This is a private computer, you can't use it.这是一部私人电脑，你不能用它。3、一般现在时的用法：(11) 示经常发生的动作。(12) 示客观规律或自然现象。The earth runs/moves/travels around

29、 the sun.地球绕着太阳转。There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。Light travels fast.光速很快。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。(13) 示主语的特征、身份、状态等等。He's a teacher.They 're happy.以下动词能表达主语的身份、状态等：live、work、studyI live in Panjin.He studies hard.(14) 示主语的爱好、能力等。I like English.like、know、understand 永远不会有进行时。I speak En

30、glish well. well 在这里表达能力。(15) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，时态为：主将从现表示时间状语从句的连词：when、as soon as after> before表示条件状语从句的连词：if、unless (= if not)表示让步状语从句的连词：no matter how虽然但是I will run into the room as soon as it rains.从现if用在真实条件状语从句中，适用于“主将从现”。Unless he comes, I will call him. = If he doesn't come, I will cal

31、l him.如果他不来，我将给他打电话。no matter 不管no matter+疑问词=疑问词+ -ever，No matter how much advice you give, he won 't follow.-J_ However much advice you give, he won 't follow.(6)表示计划好或安排好的动作(句子中要有明确的时间状语)常用的动词有：begin、 leave、 start、 go、 come、 arrive> stop、 open、 shut、 return等，且主语大多都是物。The train leaves a

32、t eight. 火车 8 点钟开。The meeting starts/begins at eight. 将在 8 点钟召开会议。(二)现在进行时1、构成主语+ be+ doing2、时间词(1)表示时间点now = at present= at the moment = for the time being(2)表示时间段this days、this year、this month 表示这段时间一直在做一件事，但说话这一刻不一定在做。(3)前或后有祈使句，用进行时The train is coming. Hurry!(4)前面的句子有时间条件，后面的句子用进行时。it可以表达天气、距离、时

33、间等It's 3, the students are studying in the classroom.It's fall, the leaves are falling.(5)表示发展、变化的动词，用进行时来表达常用的动词有：get、becomeIt's getting colder.(6) always> frequently用在现在时表达陈述事实，用在进行时表示报怨或赞美的语气。-He always helps others.他总是帮助别人。: He's always helping others.They are always making no

34、ises.他们总是弄出噪音。They always make noises.(7)短暂动词用进行时表达将来时。Come、go、die、leaveHe is dying.他快死了。When is he coming?他什么时候来？(8)以图片为背景，介绍图片里的情况时，用进行时。(9)可以表达说话者非常关切的口气。How are you feeling?(三)一般将来时十一种：1、主语+be+going+to do2、主语+ will/shall+do3、短暂动词用进行时表达将来时。4、打算性动词用现在时表达将来时want、hope、mean、intend> aim、plan 后接 to

35、do,永远没有进行时5、主语+ be+to do6、主语+ be +about+to do7、主语+ set out/off+to do8、主语+ set about+doing9、主语+情态动词+ do10、祈使句可代表将来时11、主语+ be+due to+do(二)将来时的时间词1、tomorrow 类的tomorrow、the day after tomorrow、tomorrow evening、the day after tomorrow in the evening (后天晚上)2、next+时间名词next year、the year after next3、in +时间段=i

36、n+时间段's+time2011-07-24soon= shortly = before long 不久之后in the future 遥远的将来，未来in future很近的将来=from now on 从现在开始的时间after + 时间点after Mayin +时间段some dayone day有可能用将来时，也可以用过去时3、一般将来时的用法(1) 主语+ be+ going to表达个人打算主观意图比较强烈(2) will表达客观或自然性Next year will be 2002.I will be 12 next year.Fish will die without

37、water.Turn right,you will see the school.There will be a class tomorrow.明天将会有一堂课。 There is going to be a class tomorrow.There be结构表示“存在”，某处有某物Have表示“有，拥有”，主语必须为有生命的名词。There is going to be rain tomorrow.There will be rain tomorrow.正式用法It will rain tomrrow.will含有个人的祝愿和意愿的意思，对于一件事情的可能性、遥远的事情也用willwill含

38、有个人心甘情愿的意思shall用于陈述句时，多指法条，含有命令的意思，意为“应该" ，比should语气更为强 烈I believe that China will be stronger and stronger.Oil and water can't mix together.won't可以表达“不能”,相当于can't.My pen won't work.我的笔坏了。表示“容量”时，可以用 will表达，相当于can.The hall will seat 100 people.(3) be to do直接表打算，表示命令或要求的口气(4) be

39、about to do最迫在眉睫的，眼看要发生的，最紧迫的be about to do没有特别的时间词，后面往往接when引导的时间状语从句He was about to die when we found him.当我们发现他的时候，他眼看就要死了。The train will leave at 8.火车将在 8 点钟开。The train leaves at 8The train is leaving at 8.(5) be due to do表达有一定的时间点(6) set out/off to do着手去做set out/off单独用时，意为"出发"四、一般过去时1

40、、结构主语+was/were+非动词主语+动词的过去式助动词是didused to dowould do2、时间词(7) yesterday last night the day before yesterday the year before lastThe day before yesterday in the evening(8) last+时间名词(3)时间段+ago(4)明确的过去时间 long long ago=once upon a time(6) before +单词-从句J(7) one day 天 once 曾经 the other day 几天前 in the old d

41、ays 在过去白时光 then 那时3、一般过去时的用法(1)应用于现在时的时间副词都可以用在过去时，但要有明确的过去时间(2)谈到死去的人要用过去时LeiFeng was a nice comrade.(3)表示过去的一连串动作，没说明确的时间(4)时间、让步、条件状语从句，也适用于“主将从现” ，主句是过去将来时，从句是 一般过去时。多用于间接引语。He said he would tell you when he saw you.他说他见到你就会告诉你。(5) wish、wonder、hope、think用它们做主句的头，从句表示试探性的语气I thought you may have

42、some advice. 我想你应该有些建议。=Can you give me someadvice?(6) when引导的从句是一般过去时，主句以过去类为主。五、过去将来时1、结构主语 +was/were going to doWould doWas/were to doWas/were about to do过去将来时不能单独使用，需放在各种从句中使用。He asked me if there was going to be rain tomorrow.They wondered (wanted to know ) when I could finished the task.他们想知道我

43、什么时间完成任务。六、过去进行时主语 +was/were+doing(1)用在讲故事的背景It was a winter, the wind was blowing strongly/hard, the snow was falling, a little girl was walking in/on the street.(2)在过去的某一时刻at that time/moment=then 在那时At that time, he was smoking.at this time+过去时间At this time yesterday, he was sleeping.at+钟点+过去时间At

44、 3 o 'clock yesterday, he was playing basketball.always用在过去进行进也可表达赞美或抱怨的语气。复合句的时间状语从句中，其中的一个句子一定是过去时，另外一个句子的动词是延 续性动词，则用过去进行时。When I came in, she was cooking dinner.When she was cooking dinner, I came in.(七)现在完成时有两种形式：已完成式，到现在为止，已经做完某事动词都是短暂动词He has left.未完成式，到现在为止，尚在发展进行当中动词都是延续性动词He has lived

45、here for three years.和过去时的区别He was a teacher.He has been a teacher.过去时有明确的时间完成时的时间比较模糊1、结构主语+have/has+donehave/has 是助动词2、时间状语(1)时间副词：already> still、just、 yet、ever、never、before> lately> recentlyalready在肯定句中，行前 be后He has already come.j用在疑问句句尾，表达惊讶的语气二 Has he come already?still在肯定句和疑问句中译为“仍然、还

46、” ，位置是行前be后It's still early.1在否定句中译为“尚未”，位置是助动词之前、He still hasn't come.still作为形容词时，意为“宁静的，寂静的”still作为连词用时，意为“但是，然而” ，属委婉转折，可以和“虽然”放在 一起。yet用在否定句或疑问句句尾 hardly ever=almost everhardly any=almost noI have hardly any money.=I have almost no money.He hardly ever goes shopping.=He almost never goes shopping.before可以用在时间段之后，也可以单独使用。lately和recently意为"最近”，通常用在完