(质量保证)形容词和副词

1、专题七 形容词和副词形容词：说明或修饰名词和代词，表示人或事物性质、状态、特征副词：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句1 形容词 ·作用1） 作定语【拓】1.只做定语不做表语的形容词：only very total specific chief exact main wooden woolen golen medical elder outer upper former2.只做表语或后置定语不做前置定语的形容词：well ill gald sorry sure content afraid alike alive alone apart ashame asleep2） 作表语3） 作补语M

2、any students find English idioms hard to learn.They married young.The classroom is kept tidy. 4） 作状语The little girl kept sitting at the street corner, (又冷又饿）We arrived home very late, (安然无恙）5） 作主语或宾语The + true ,good,beattiful,bad,ugly,old,rich表一类人或事用复数 ，其他用单数The beautiful -(be)not always the good.Th

3、e old-(be）respested in China.【拓】部分形容词可做名词，作介词的宾语。No one knows for sure what really happened.大体上特别，尤其至少每况愈下，越来越糟简言之徒劳的简称·位置1） 单个形容词的位置：多数放在所修饰的名词前，但表语形容词alive afraid awake alone asleep在名词后He is the mose famous scientisrt alive in the world today.Money alone cantt bring happoness2） 形容词修饰不定代词3） en

4、ough+n=n+enoughadj/adv+enoughThe problem is easy enough for me to solve.4) 用and或or连接的形容词短语修饰名词要后置 All people young and old are against the plan.【拓】前置与后置意义区别the present members the members presentthe responsible person the person responsiblethe concerned parents the problems concerned表语与定语意义区别be cert

5、ain that a certain applebe ill ill effectsbe worthy of worthy cirizens【拓】可以作副词修饰形容词的形容词：dark red light bule icy/freezing cold表示情感的表语形容词后可接不定式 be+glad/happy.pleased/sorrry,sad/sure/kind/ready/afraid/able/easy/difficult+to do sth 【基础】主语是人或者用来修饰人时用-ed结尾的形容词； 主语是物或者用来修饰物时用-ing结尾的形容词； interesting与interes

6、ted, exciting与excited,pleasant与pleased,boring与bored, moving与moved,tiring与tired,fascinating与fascinated,surprising与surprised二 副词·作用1） 作状语Knowledge is weightless ,a treasure you can carry easilyBungee jumping is very attractive to younger generationNeither Tom nor Susan can swim very wellThe arrow

7、 hit the apple right in the middleThe football player must be well past thirtyShortly after you ldft mKate phoned youNearly everyone came to the partyFortunately ,I was in time for the interview2） 作表语Jack is abroadClass is overI must be off now 3） 作定语(主要为表示时间地点的副词，后置定语：here therer up below downstair

8、s now then)Life here is full of joyThe pictures below were taken by Canada.4） 做介词短语Who is calling me from downstairs?5） 作补语Please let us inKeep the first on for a few minutes【拓】评注型副词（修饰整个句子）常在句首，表示情感、方式、 判断luckily unfortunately personally honestly naturally generally unexpectedly obviously actually

9、definitely possibly eventually·分类时间副词地点副词方式副词程度副词关系副词疑问副词连接副词其他副词·构成1） 本身即为副词rather how2） 与形容词同行的副词：early late high wode deep3） 形容词+ly:slowly clearly4） 一些形容词本身即可作副词，加ly后也为副词，但意义不同late latelyclose closelydeep deeplyfair fairlyhard hardlyhigh highlywide widelyfree freely【基础】形容词变副词的法则: 1.一般情况

10、下直接加ly; 2. 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly; 3.以ue结尾的,去e再加-ly; 以le结尾的，去e再加-y;其它以e结尾的一律加ly. busy angry easy true terrible gentle happy heavy loud real quick possible wise polite full careful glad nice slow hopeful quiet beautiful 【拓】aim highdie hardspeak loud speak loudlysleep roughtell sb flattake things

11、easyplay fairlive roughdo wrongdo sb wrongway too much位置1） 副词+形容词 副词+副词2） 时间频率副词助be情后，实义动词前3） 时间副词地点副词常放在句首或句尾，同时出现时 先地点后时间3 形容词副词的级·构成1）以er,ow,ble,ple,y结尾的双音节词和单音节词：一般在词尾直接加er或est; 以不发音的e结尾的, 在词尾加r或st;以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变为i，再加er或est; .以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er/est. pretty shallow 2） 末尾不

12、是以er,ow,ble,ple,y结尾的双音节词和所有多音节词直接在单词前加more/most; 3） 以-ly结尾的副词和以-ing/-ed结尾的形容词直接在单词前加more/most; 4)good/well-better-best many/much-more/most little-less-least bad/badly/ill-worse-worst far-farther/further-farthest/furthest old-older/elder-oldest/eldest ·原级1. 可以用quite,very,so,too,enough修饰原级；2. 2.

13、as+原级+as 3. not+as/so+原级+as 4.甲是乙的几倍(甲+is+倍数+asas+乙) This bridge is three times as long as that one. Your room is twice as large as mine.【高中】asas结构，若加入名词，可放在结构中或结构前I cant drink as sweet coffee as this=I cant drink this·最高级1.A>B用比较级+than； 2. much,far,even,a little,a lot,a bit,a great deal,sli

14、ghtly,any ,by far, somewhat,still,常用于比较级之前； 3.Which/Who+比较级，A or B? 5.甲+be+the+比较级(+n)+of the two(名词或代词）（甲是两者中较的） She is the more cautious of the two sisters.6.甲+be+比较级+than+any other+单数名词（甲比其它的任何一个都） 7.倍数+比较级+than(表示几倍于) This classroom is two times bigger than that one. 8.比较级+and+比较级（越来越） a.单音节词和以e

15、r,ow,ble,ple,y结尾的双音节词:比较级+and+比较级 b.部分双音节词和多音节词：more and more+多音节词原形 9. the+比较级，the+比较级（越，就越）10. less+原级+than 不如 This test is less difficult than the last one【拓】no+比较级 与 not+ 比较级no more than=onlynot more than=at mostno less than=as much as有之多not less than=not fewer than不少于，也许不止no+比较级+than 相反含义John i

16、s not wiser than TomJohn is no wiser than Tom·最高级1. 句中出现3个比较对象时，用最高级； 副词前the可省，常有of all,of the three,that I have ever seen标志 2. much, by far, nearly, almost, yet,ever修饰3.形容词最高级前一般要加the，但若最高级前出现了形容词性物主代词或名词所有格形式，则不再用the. 4.Which/Who+is+the+最高级，甲、乙or丙？ 5.表示最之一，要用“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词+表示范围的介词短语”

17、 6.序数词后的形容词一般要用最高级(表示第几最) The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 【高中】比较级形式表达最高级概念比较级+than+any other+单名 all the other +复名 anyone/anything else any of the other +复名China is larger than any country in Europe【高中】否定词+比较级Noting is more precious than healthYour performance couldnt have been

18、 better.一、how long, how soon, how often的比较 how long是问某个动作或状态延续了多久，用“(for+)时间段”来回答； how soon是问某个动词要过多久之后才发生或结束，用“in+时间段”来回答；how often是问某个动作每隔多久发生一次，或者一个单位时间里发生次数的多少，用“次数(如once, twice)单位时间(如a day, a month)”或usually, sometimes等来回答。如： How _ can you finish the drawing? (全国卷) A. often B. soon C. long D. r

19、apid 【分析】答案选B。句意是：过多久以后你才能画完？ 二、no longer / more, not anylonger / more的比较 表示时间上的“不再”，no more通常放在句末，且一般只与非延续性动词go, come, see, return等连用，一般不用于系表结构中；no longer(一般位于行为动词之前或者be动词、情态动词、助动词之后)和更口语化的notany longer / more既可与延续性动词连用也可与非延续性动词连用。如： 1. Will you give this message to Mr White, please? Sorry, I cant.

20、 He _. (全国卷) A. doesnt any more work here B. doesnt any longer her work C. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longer 【分析】答案选D。any longer / more要位于句末。 2. Excuse me, is this Mr Browns office? Im sorry, but Mr Brown _ works here. He left about three months ago. (全国卷) A. not now B. no mor

21、e C. not still D. no longer 【分析】答案选D。在行为动词前要用no longer。 注：涉及到数量时用no more。如：There is no more bread on the plate. (盘子里没有面包了。) no more还可表示“也不”，相当于neither或nor。如：He couldnt lift the table and no more could I. 他拿不动那张桌子，我也拿不动。 三、三、fairly, quite, rather, pretty的比较 rather一般表示不合意，有时也可表示合意的；fairly表示令人满意的；prett

22、y与very意思接近，可表示合意或不合意。值得注意的是： 1. 与too或比较级连用只能用rather，如rather colder(有点冷), rather too large(稍大一点)，但quite better(好多了)是个例外； 2. quite和rather可位于冠词前，其它两个则不能； 3. 表示“完全，十分(=completely)”时要用quite。如quite agree(完全同意)，但不说quite disagree。 四、much too, too much的比较 much too就是too的强势语，用来修饰形容词或副词，意为“太”；too much就是much的强势语

23、，用来修饰不可数名词或动词(后面不接任何词)，意为“太多()”。如： 1. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (全国卷) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much 【分析】答案选A。heavy是形容词，应用副词too来修饰，而much too就是too的强势语。 2. It was _ late to catch a bus after the party, therefore w

24、e called a taxi. (上海卷) A. too very B. much too C. too much D. far 【分析】答案选B。late是形容词，用much too修饰。 五、nearly, almost的比较 在肯定句中或者dont, doesnt, didnt之前，两者可互换，只是almost = very nearly。但是： 1. 在not, very, pretty之后用nearly，不用almost。(from ) 2. 在no, no one, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, never, any, too, impossib

25、le, think, believe, wish等前面用almost，而不用nearly。若是做选择题，只要记住在not, very, pretty之后用nearly外，一般选almost。如： There isnt nearly enough time to lear n all these words. 把这些词都学会，是间远远不够。 Almost no one believes her. 几乎没有人相信她。 六、so, that, such的比较 so是副词，后面一定是接形容词或副词；在口语中，常用that来代替so；such是形容词，后接“(形容词+)名词”，但在名词有表示“多”“少”

26、的many, much, little, few时，要用so。如： 1. Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? (全国卷) A. such; such B. such, so C. so; so D. so; such 【分析】答案选B。名词前用形容词such，such a rich country =so rich a country；在many前要用so。 2. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there

27、 wasnt always _ much to do. (广东卷) A. such B. that C. more D. very 【分析】答案选B。much前用so, 不用such。口语中，常用that来代替so。( ) 1. Now the air in our city is _ than it used to be. Something must be done to stop it.A. very good B. much better C. rather bad D. even worse( ) 2. We love to go to the country in spring a

28、s the flowers smell so . A. well B. nice C. wonderfully D. nicely( ) 3.Oh. Im hungry. Mum, can I have the hamburger on the plate?No. It tastes .A. terriblyB. terribleC. goodD. well( ) 4.What do you think of your English teacher?I love her. She is really . She always has a smile on her face.A. outgoi

29、ngB. funnyC. friendlyD. serious( ) 5.Tim, do you think time is money?Yes, but I think it is money.A. more important thanB. very important as C. the same asD. not important as( ) 6.Where did you go on holiday this summer？England？You are .We went on a 10-day tour to Paris.A. funny B. right C. cool D.

30、close( ) 7.I am really serious, for I cant find my backpack. A. worried B. angry C. disappointed( ) 8.We are not certain if it will be fine tomorrow. A. exact B. convincing C. sure( ) 9.It is not so _ as yesterday, so there are _ people sitting in the square.A. cold, fewer B. warm, more C. cold, mor

31、e( ) 10. -How about the dishes?-Fantastic! Nothing tastes _ .A. nice B. better C. terrible D. worse ( ) 11.Helen, can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the evening party?OK. But a dress might be _ .A. good B. better C. bad D. worse( ) 12.-All of us are proud of the progress

32、 hes made during the past few years.-Yes, were sure he will be even _.A. successful  B. more successful C. most successful D. successfully ( ) 13. Dont do any other things while you are doing your homework. So please _ your MP3A. turn up B. turn

33、 down C. turn on D. turn off( ) 14. -Which of those radios sounds _?-The smallest one. A. good B. well C. better D. best( )1 5. My father told me a story last night. It is _ one Ive ever heard. A. the  funniest   B. funniest     C. funnier         D. the

34、funnier( ) 16. Tiananmen Square is one of _ squares in the world.A. large B. larger      C. largest       D. the largest( ) 17. Lee came to Beijing in 2005. He has been here _ than you.A. long B. longer       C. longest       D. the longest

35、 ( )1 8. -Hello! Golden Sun Hotel. Can I help you?-Do you have a room _ for this weekend? A. available B. useful  C. empty     D. possible( ) 19. -Are you feeling better today, dear?-No, even _A. well B. better C. bad D. worse ( ) 20.Relax_! _ you finish this English exam，you11 be fre

36、e and feel on top of the worldYou can make it if you put your heart into it! AAs well as BAs soon as CAs good as( ) 21.Humor(幽默感)is very important to human beingsWe can never have too much of itWithout humor，life would be_Adisappointed Bboring Cbored( ) 22.Taking buses in Beijing is _ than taking a

37、taxi.A. more cheap B. much cheaper C. a little cheap D. less cheaper( ) 23.The music in the supermarket sounded so_ that I wanted to leave at once. A. soft B. wonderful C. friendly D. noisy ( ) 24.We dont have much homework now and our school bags are _ they used to be.A. as heavy as B. not as heavy

38、 as C. as heavily as D. not as heavily as( ) 25.The world is becoming smaller and smaller because the Internet gets us _.A. less B. more C. closer D. farther( ) 26.I think English is _ math.Yes, I think so.A. much important than B. so important as C. as important as D. as more important as( ) 27.How

39、 _ the medicine tastes!-Yes. But the medicine will really work soon after you take it.A. terrible B. delicious C. sweet D. nice( )28.In Changsha, its hot in July, but its even _ in August. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest( ) 29.-Why dont you like pigs, Molly?-Because they are _ .A. cute B. ugly C. smart

40、D. friendly( ) 30.-Junk food is bad for our health. -Yes, the _ you eat, the healthier you will be.A. little B. few C. less D. more( ) 31.-Mum, could you buy me a dress like that?-Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good

41、 as D. a more important; not as good as ( )32. The boy doesn't speak his sister, but his written work is very good. A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more worse than( ) 33.She always does her homework _ than her brother.A. more careful B. careful C. more carefully D. carefully(

42、) 34.-How do you like banana milk shake? -I love it. I like it _ than yogurt.A. very much B. even better C. a little D. much less( ) 35.-You must be tired out after the climbing. -Oh, _ . I felt too tired to move.A. not a bit B. not a little C. not at all D. not nearly ( ) 36.If you are free at the

43、moment, please clean your bedroom yourself.A. at once B. right now C. right away( ) 37. -I didnt know you take a bus to school.-Oh, I _ take a bus, but it is snowing today.A. hardly B. never C. sometimes D. usually ( ) 38.The match was really fantastic, _ when Smith scored in the last minute.A. prob

44、ably B. exactly C. especially D. mostly( )39.Can you hear me?No, I cant. Would you please speak_?A. clearly enough B. clear enough C. enough clear D. enough clearly( )40.The question is _ that nobody can answer it.A. very hard B. too difficult C. strange enough D. so strange( ) 41.Can you understand

45、 what I meant?Sorry, I can_ follow you.A. always B. almost C. nearly D. hardly( )42. -How often do you go to a concert?-_ ever. Im not interested in that at all.A. Usually B. Hardly C. Almost( ) 43. I find this computer game _ to play.A. enough easy B. easy enough C. enough easily D. easily enough(

46、)44. Lets do it _ . There is only five minutes left. A. hardly   B. slowly     C. quickly         D. politely( )45. -Would you please drive _ ? My plane is taking off.-Id like to, but safety comes first.A. faster B. better       C. more carefull

47、y       D. more slowly ( )46-Miss Gao is very popular with her students.-Yes. Her classes are _ lively and interesting.A. seldom B. never C. sometimes  D. always ( ) 47.Mark speaks English well, but you_ himThank you. . A. speak as badly as B. speak worse than C. dont speak so ba

48、dly as D. speak much better than ( ) 48.John sings so well. Has he ever been trained? No. He learns all by himself. He_ goes to any training class. A. usually B. often C. never D. even ( ) 49.Was Henry late for the concert yesterday? No. He got there even ten minutes _ than us two.A. earlier B. earl

49、iest C. later D. latest( ) 50.Do you know anything about the players of our school football team?Yes. They are _ young boys between the age of thirteen and fifteen.A. most B. mostly C. almost D. at most( ) 51.Have you _ read the poem （诗歌）If? Yes. I really enjoy it.A. still B. ever C. yet D. never( )

50、52.Were you often late for school last term, Tom?No, _. I got to school early every day.A. Always B. Usually C. Sometimes D. Never( ) 53.-English is _ too difficult for me. I cant learn it well.-Dont give up. Nothing is difficult if you work hard.A. seldom B. never C. usually D. always( ) 54.-Do you know the word “risk”?-Sorry, I dont. Lets look it _ in the dictionary.A. up B. down C. over D. out( ) 55.-Steven is good at writing.-So he is. He writes _ than us.A. most carefully B. more carefully C. less carefully二、句子翻译练习。1.We must study English harder_ （从现在起