语法虚拟2013

1、 英语动词有三种语气用来表示说的话不是事实或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。陈述语气祈使语气虚拟语气We are not ready.（陈述）（陈述）Dont forget to close the window.（祈使）（祈使）I wish you could go with me.（虚拟（虚拟）What kind of subjunctive mood have we learnt before?REVISION（1）1. wish 型虚拟语气型虚拟语气4. 1234型虚拟语气型虚拟语气2. as if/though 型虚拟语气型虚拟语气5. 条件句中的虚拟

2、语气条件句中的虚拟语气3. would rather型虚拟语气型虚拟语气1.wish 的宾语从句现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时（过去时（were）过去完成时过去完成时would/could/might+V. should我希望我和你们一样年轻。我希望我和你们一样年轻。(be)我真希望我没犯那样的错误。我真希望我没犯那样的错误。(make)我们希望父母不会逼迫我们做我们不愿意做的事。我们希望父母不会逼迫我们做我们不愿意做的事。(force)REVISION（2） I wish I _you.(现在)How I wish I_ such a mistake. （过去）We wish o

3、ur parents_ what we are not willing to do. （将来）were as young ashadnt madewouldnt force us to do2.as if / as though后的表语或状语从句后的表语或状语从句 含义含义动动 词词 形形 式式例句例句现在现在过去时形式过去时形式He looks as if he knew the little girl.过去完成时形式过去完成时形式过去过去It appeared as if nothing had happened.将来将来The man looks worried, as if sth.

4、bad would happen on him.would/could/might+do(与与wish相同相同)practice1. They both talked as if they_ friends before. A. would be B. should be C. had been D. have been2.他谈起巴黎来，就好像他到过那儿似的。他谈起巴黎来，就好像他到过那儿似的。(be)He talks about Paris as if he_. had been there beforeas if3.would rather ( (宁愿宁愿) )后的宾语从句后的宾语从句 含

5、义含义动动 词词 形形 式式例句例句现在现在将来将来过去时形式过去时形式I would rather he took me over thecrossing.过去过去过去完成时形式过去完成时形式I would rather youhadnt told me thetruth.练一练练一练: : 1.I would rather he_ tomorrow than today. (come)2.I would rather you _ me now. (pay)3.我倒希望他们那天和我一起去。我倒希望他们那天和我一起去。I would rather they_ with me that day.

6、camepaidhad gone_4.表示要求/命令/建议动词后的宾语从句常见动词：常见动词： 一个一个坚持坚持，两个，两个命令命令，三个，三个建议建议，四个四个要求要求。即。即1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand , desire , require, request这些动词后面的宾语从句宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词 使用（should ）+ 动词原形。动词原形。我们我们建议建议Tom Tom 去休息去休息一下。一下。(rest)他他坚决坚决要求我参加会议。要求我参加会议。(attend)国王

7、国王命令囚犯明天要实施命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。死刑。(kill)他们他们要求我们派他们去那儿要求我们派他们去那儿工作。工作。(send)We suggested that Tom_.He insisted that I_.The king ordered that the prisoners_ the next day.They requested that we_ work there.(should) have a rest(should ) attend the meetingbe killed(should) send them toI suggest that we (should)

8、 finish the work at once, but he insists that time is enough and we can have a rest.注意： 如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事”，而用它们本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that she_ (send) to hospitals at once.3.He

9、 suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he_(be) ill.obeywasbe senthavewas 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语主语从句从句，表语从句表语从句和和同位语同位语从句从句也要使用虚拟语气也要使用虚拟语气常见的词有：常见的词有： order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire_Its suggested that the plan be car

10、ried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.主从主从表从表从同从同从条件从句条件从句If 从句的谓语形式从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式5.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。现在现在过去时过去时（were）would/could/should/might +V.(原）原）过去过去过去完成时过去完成时would/could/should/might+h

11、ave+p.p.未来未来 1.过去时过去时 2.should+V. 3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.（原）（原）1.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.与现在事

12、实相反与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与过去事实相反5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6.I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 1. I dont have a cellphone. If I had one,_ _for me

13、 to get in touch with others. (convenient)我没有手机。如果有的话，我和别人取得联系就很方便。我没有手机。如果有的话，我和别人取得联系就很方便。2. _now, we should read it again. (have)要是现在有空，我们就该把它再看一遍。要是现在有空，我们就该把它再看一遍。 3. If _alcohol last night, I could have driven my car home. (drink)（20112011年湖北）年湖北）如果我昨晚没有喝酒的话，我就可以将车开回家。如果我昨晚没有喝酒的话，我就可以将车开回家。 4.

14、 If I were to do it, _it in a different way. Unluckily, its unlikely that I will get the chance. (do)要是我做，我就用不同的方法做。不幸地是，我不可能有机会。要是我做，我就用不同的方法做。不幸地是，我不可能有机会。 it would be convenientIf we had time I would do I hadnt drunkThink about the following sentences and try to find something special.Without the

15、 new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces.没有新的颜料和新的绘画手法，我们就不能看到很多杰作。没有新的颜料和新的绘画手法，我们就不能看到很多杰作。Without the impressionists, many of these paintings might not exist.如果没有印象派，那么着许多不同风格就不可能存在。如果没有印象派，那么着许多不同风格就不可能存在。But for the effective measures taken by t

16、he government during the earthquake, we would have suffered even greater losses.要不是地震期间政府采取了有效措施，我们遭受的损失会更大。要不是地震期间政府采取了有效措施，我们遭受的损失会更大。_WithoutWithoutBut for 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气1.1.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句 通过其他方式而不用条件从句表示的假设情况称之通过其他方式而不用条件从句表示的假设情况称之为含蓄条件句为含蓄条件句。 用用with ,without, but for( (要不是要不是) ) 等介词短语、分词等

17、介词短语、分词短语或连词短语或连词otherwise(否则，要不然否则，要不然)来代替条件从句。来代替条件从句。=If I had been given five more minutes, =If it hadnt been for your help,（现在）（现在）（过去）（过去）（过去）（过去）地球上如果没有水和空气，人就会死。地球上如果没有水和空气，人就会死。Man would die without air or water on the earth.=if there were no air or water on the earth.如果再给我五分钟，我就解出那道题啦。如果再给

18、我五分钟，我就解出那道题啦。Given five more minutes, I would have worked out the problem. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。But for your help, I couldnt have done it.2.But for John, we _ the match last week. A. would have lost B. would lose C. had lost D. lostPractice:Practice:would have lostBut for1.当时我生病，要

19、不然我就参加运动会了。当时我生病，要不然我就参加运动会了。(take)I was ill at that time, otherwise I _the sports meet.would have taken part inIf I had not been ill at that time, 3.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scoredwould have scored

20、otherwise4.Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be Withoutwould beWithout the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.没有新的颜料和新的绘画手法，我们就不能看到很多没有新的颜料和新的绘画手法

21、，我们就不能看到很多使这一时代著使这一时代著名的名的杰作。杰作。_If the new paints and the new technique had not been discovered, 从句表明与从句表明与过去过去相反相反 We would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.主句主句主句表明与主句表明与现在现在相反相反？without从句从句？错综时间条件句错综时间条件句 中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气2.2.错综时间条件句错综时间条件句 有时虚拟条件从句表示的动作和

22、主句表示的动作发生的时间不一有时虚拟条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致（致（如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在或将来发生的如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在或将来发生的），这是两个动作），这是两个动作需要按照各自的时间来调整，我们称之为需要按照各自的时间来调整，我们称之为错综时间条件句错综时间条件句。 If he had studied hard before, he would be a college student now.（从句与（从句与_事实相反，主句与事实相反，主句与_事实相反）事实相反） If it rained now, the crops should be save

23、d.（从句与（从句与_事实相反，主句与事实相反，主句与_事实相反）事实相反）过去过去现在现在现在现在将来将来 If he hadnt missed the train, he would arrive here now. If I had not been busy, I would have come. If he hadnt missed the train, he would have arrived here then. If I were not busy, I would come. If I am not busy, I will come.比较比较:错综时间条件句错综时间条件句

24、主从句一起表明与过去相反主从句一起表明与过去相反过去过去现在现在/ /将来将来陈述语气陈述语气Practice:假如你接受了我的意见，假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。你现在就会好得多。You much better now if you my advice.would behad taken要不是你误了公共汽车的话，我们现在正在听音乐会要不是你误了公共汽车的话，我们现在正在听音乐会呢呢If you_ the bus,we _the concert now.hadnt missedwould be enjoying其他句式中的虚拟语气其他句式中的虚拟语气3.在下面的定语从句中在下面的定语

25、从句中Its (about/high) time +that （现在）该（现在）该should +V.过去时过去时你该走了。你该走了。我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we_.Its time that we_. 不可省不可省went to bedshould go to bed4. If only (要是要是.就好了就好了) )引导的感叹句中引导的感叹句中 If only I knew his name! If only we had follo

26、wed your advice! If only I could see him again! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。了。（live）要是我没错过火车就好要是我没错过火车就好了！（了！（miss）If only our parents _us!If only I _the train!( (现在现在) )（过去过去）（将来将来）could live withhadnt missed5.5.虚拟语气在某些主语从句中的运用虚拟语气在某些主语从句中的运用 主句主句 从句从句It isadj.necessary/important/strange/na

27、tural/surprisingthat 主语主语 should v.原原n.a pity/a shame/no wonderp.p.suggested,proposed,requested,desired,ordered,requiredIt is necessary that everyone be there in time.大家按时到达那里是必要的。大家按时到达那里是必要的。Its a pity that he should be so ill.他竟然病得这样厉害，真是太遗憾啦。他竟然病得这样厉害，真是太遗憾啦。It is suggested that he should go to

28、HongKong for holidays.有人建议他去香港度假。有人建议他去香港度假。 Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 1. It is strange that he _ interest in much of his research. A. should have lost B. would lose C. had lost D. wil

29、l lostshould have lost2. It is necessary that the problem _ at once. A. solves B. should solve C. should be solved D. will be solvedshould be solved6.6.在有在有even if /though引导的让步状语从句的主从引导的让步状语从句的主从 复合句中复合句中 主从句都用主从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含非真实条件句的虚虚拟语气，动词形式与含非真实条件句的虚 拟语气相同拟语气相同eg. 即使林涛在这儿，我也要这样说。即使林涛在这儿，我也要这样说。Ev

30、en if Lin Tao were here, I should say the same thing. 即使生病了，他也要去办公室。即使生病了，他也要去办公室。Even though he were ill, he would go to his office.Even if I_ with you then, I_ much for you.A. would be; wouldnt be B. were; shouldnt have doneC. had been; wouldnt do D. had been; shouldnt have done_虚拟语气中其它应注意的问题虚拟语气中

31、其它应注意的问题注意注意1.1. 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用的过去时态一律用“were”，不用不用was，即，即在从句中在从句中be用用were代替。代替。If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。如果我是你，就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I答案答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三