2017年高考英语七选五阅读

1、2017年高考英语总动员“七选五”阅读8.历年探究【2016-新课标全国卷 I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项Secretcodes（密码）keepmessagesprivate.Bank,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodeindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags 馅 后 ）behin

2、dcodemaking.Thescienceofdecodingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersare“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels“spelloutthehiddenmessageMeetme.38Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample,letsnumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from

3、1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,temessage“Meetme“wouldread“13520135Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample,“bridgemightstandforameetand“outmightstandformeThemessagebridgeoutwouldactuallymeanisalsohardtokeepacodebooksec

4、retforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A. Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutacodebook.B. Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C. Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D. Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E. Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspell

5、itout.F. Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G. Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解的方法。36 .【解析】D本题考察是逻辑关系，根据下一句coddoreakingneverlagsbehindcodemaking 可知上一句是只要出现密码，就会有人去解码，故选 D。37 .【解析】E本题考察是句子之间的例证关系，从后面

6、文章的举例中“Forexample,thefirstlettersareMyelephanteatstoomanyeelsSpelloutthehiddenmessageMeetmeiB 么前乙句应该是对例子的概括，即我们可以知道是运用每个单词的首字母来组成密码，E 选项正确。38 .【解析】G本题考察是文章的篇章结构，前一段是讲到了第一种方法，根据篇章结构，下一段应该是讲述第二种设置密码的方法，而根据该段的例子，即字母表中字母排列顺序转化成为数字信息，所以这里关键词是 anotherway 还有 alphabet,故选 G。39 .【解析】F本题考察的是逻辑关系，从上句“Toreadthem

7、essageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook”你需要借用解码书来找出密码单词所对应真正意思，F 选项表示你应该找出解码书中密码所代表的词语，故 F 正确。40 .【解析】A本题考察的是关键词以及转折关系，根据下一句出现 itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong,这里出现了 alsohard,所以上一句关键词为 hard;另外 however 表示转折关系，证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反，即上一句应该没有解密书，是很难去完成解密工作，故 A 正确。(n)【2015-新课标全国卷 I】BuildingTrustinaRela

8、tionshipAgainTrustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences._36.Trustisarisk.Butyoucantbesuccessfulwhentheresalackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.Unfortunately,weveallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwevebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misle

9、d,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycanttrustanymore.37_.Itsunderstandable,butifyourewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere._38_havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbef

10、oryourwell-being.39Ifyouvebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Buttheresadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwithaavictimmentality.Atsomepointinallofourlives,wellhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.Youdidntlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost,whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopeles

11、sangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.40instead,itsahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C. Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D. Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebesti

12、nreturn.E.Theyvebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycantbeartoletithappenagain.F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.G. Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesntmeanyoureignoringwhathappened.【分析】文章主要讲述了人们一旦失去了信任，如何再次建立信任。36 .解析：根据前一句Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences

13、 信任是我们从以往经历中获得的学习行为。选项 B 中的 it 代指上文刚出现的 trust。故选 B。答案：B37 .解析： 根据前句 Sometimespeoplesimplycanttrustanymore.可知他们受到严重的伤害且不能忍受再次发生。可知选 E。答案：E38 .解析：根据后句havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己。可知选 A。答案：A39.解析：根据后句Ify

14、ouvebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.可知此段主要讲述不要认为自己是受害者。故选 Co答案：C40 .解析：根据前句和后一句 instead,itsInsteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlifeahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiven

15、ess,可知既要看到事情的积极面，也不要忽视所发生的事情。故选 G答案：G（田）【2014新课标 I 卷】Thejobsofthefuturehavenotbeeninvented36Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.1. CuriosityYourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious.37_Askkids,“Whatingredients（酉己料）canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime“and

16、thentrythemout.Didthoseingredientsmakethepancakesbetter?Whatcouldwetrynexttime?2. CreativityTruecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnewfromit._38_Thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem.Experimentingwithmaterialstocreatesomethingnewcangoalongwayinhelpingthemdevelopth

17、eirCreativity.3. InterpersonalSkillsUnderstandinghowothersfeelcanbeachallengeforkids.Weknowwhatisgoingoninsideourownhead,butwhataboutothers?Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions._39_Whydoyouthinksheiscrying?”“Canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisfac

18、e?”“Ifsomeoneweretodothattoyou,howwouldyoufeel?”4.SelfExpression40Therearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideasmusic,acting,drawing,building,photography.Youmayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother.A.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.B.Andwecantforgetscienceeducation.C. Wecangivekidschancestothinkabo

19、utmaterialsinnewways.D. Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdontyetexist?E.Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.F.Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories.G. Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.【分析】本文介绍了培养孩子技能的方法，其中包括好奇心、创造性、交际能力

20、和自我表达等。36 .解析：细节过渡题。根据空后的“Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethem.”可知，这里叙述的是帮助他们发展一些技能。由此推断，上句应为“应该怎样帮助孩子为未来的工作而作准备”，故选臭答案：D37 .解析：细节过渡题。根据下面的内容可知，此处是鼓励孩子们和你一起做饭。答案：A38 .解析：细节过渡题。根据上文中的 createsomethingnew 等可知，要给孩子们思考的机会。答案：C39.解析：主旨大意题。联系下面的几个问题可知 F 项正确。答案：F40.解析：主旨大意题。根据该段小标题及空格后 toexpre

21、ssthoughts 可知，此处所填内容与交流有关，故选 G 项。答案：G（IV）【2013新课标全国卷 I】Businessistheorganizedapproachtoprovidingcustomerswiththegoodsandservicestheywant.Thewordbusinessalsoreferstoanorganizationthatprovidesthesegoodsandservices.Mostbusinessesseektomakeaprofit（禾U润）-thataimtoachieveincomethatismorethanthecostsofopera

22、tingthebusiness._1_Commonlycallednonprofits,theseorganizationsareprimarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders_2.Businessmanagementisatermusedtodescribethetechniquesofplanning,direction,andcontroloftheoperationsofabusiness._3_Oneistheestablishment （ 制定）ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;th

23、epurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting._4_Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofwordinalldepartments.Directionisconcernedprimarilywithsupervision（监管）andguidancebythemanagementinauthority_5_A.Controlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocompareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwor

24、k.B.Inthisconnectionthereisthedifferencebetweentopmanagementandoperativemanagement.C.Examplesofnonprofitbusinessincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmanyhospitals.D.However,somebusinessesonlyseektoenoughtocovertheiroperatingcostsEThesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbyde

25、partments.F.Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement,organizationhastwomainaspects.GPlanninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainaspects.【分析】本文是说明文。生意是给顾客提供商品和服务的有效手段，其目的有两种：一个是营利，另一个是非营利。文章介绍了 businessmanagemen 曲勺含义。1 .解析：细节过渡题。上文谈到有利润的生意，下文则出现了转折，是无利润的生意；还有，下文中的 nonprofits 和 D 项的意思一致。答案：D2 .解析：解释说明题。根据上文中的“Comm

26、onlycallednonprofits,theseorganizationsareprimarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders.”可知，此处是给出的有关 nonprofits 的具体例子，故 C 项是正确答案。答案：C3 .解析：细节过渡题。根据下文中提到的三个方面的介绍可知，此处是总述，下文是分述，故选 Q答案：G4.解析：文章结构题。上文提到第一个方面，下文提到第三个方面，很显然此处是第二个方面。答案：E5.解析：文章结构题。该段提到 planning 和 direction,所以最后作者开始解释 control。答案：A【2012全国卷】Kidshe

27、alth:FourstepsforfightingstressEverybodygetsstressedfromtimetotime.1Somewaysofdealingwithstresslikescreamingorhittingsomeonedontsolve(解决)much.Butotherways,liketalkingtosomeoneyoutrust,canleadyoutosolvingyourproblemoratleastfeelingbetter.Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed(1)Getsupport.W

28、henyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktoatrustedadult,suchasaparentorotherrelatives._2_Theymighthavehadsimilarproblemssuchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.(2)Donttakeitoutonyourself.Sometimeswhenkidsarestressedandupsettheytakeitoutonthemselves.Oh,dear,thatsnotagoodidea.Reme

29、mberthattherearealwayspeopletohelpyou.Donttakeitoutonyourself.3(3)Trytosolvetheproblem.Afteryourecalmandyouhavesupportfromadultsandfriends,itstimetogetdowntobusiness.4Evenifyoucantsolveitall,youcansolveapieceofit.(4)Bepositive.Moststressistemporary 暂日 t的).Rememberstressdoesgoaway,especiallywhenyoufi

30、gureouttheproblemandstartworkingonsolvingit.Thesestepsarentmagicbuttheydowork.Andifyoucanstaypositiveasyoumakeyourwaythroughatoughtime,youllhelpyourselffeelbetterevenfaster_5_.A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.B.Noticeyourfriendsfeelingsandfindawaytohelpthem.C.Differentpeoplefeels

31、tressindifferentways.D.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.F.Anddontforgetaboutyourfriends.G.Then,findawaytocalmdown.【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了克服压力的四个步骤：获取支持、避免自责、解决问题和保持积极情绪。1 .解析：细节过渡题。句首的“Everybodygetsstressedfromtimetotime.”是本段主题句，由此可知，此处的语境应该和主题有关，再联系下文中的“Someways.和“B

32、utotherways.”，说明不同的人对压力的体验不同。答案：C2 . 解 析 ： 细 节 过 渡 题 。 本 段 主 旨 是 “ 求 助 ” ， 联 系 上 文 中 的“parentorotherrelatives”可知，此处谈到向朋友求助。答案：F3 .解析：段落结论题。根据（2）中的aRememberthattherearealwayspeopletohelpyou.”可以推知， 你需要寻求帮助以渡过难关。答案：A4 .解析：细节理解题。联系该段的主题句“Trytosolvetheproblem.”可以推知，你需要弄清楚你的问题所在。答案：E5 .解析：段落结论题。任何压力都是暂时的，

33、所以保持乐观情绪，没有压力当然感觉很好。答案：D(VI)【2011全国卷】MoneyMattersParentsshouldhelptheirchildrenunderstandmoney._1_Soyoumaystarttalkingaboutmoneywhenyourchildshowsaninterestinbuyingthingscandyortoys,forexample.1. ThebasicfunctionofmoneyBeginexplainingthebasicfunctionofmoneybyshowinghowpeopletrademoneyforgoodsorservi

34、ces.Itsimportanttoshowyourchildhowmoneyistradedforthethingshewantstohave.Ifhewantstohaveatoyjivehimthemoneyandlethimhandthemoneytothecashier(收专艮员)._2_Whenyourchildgrowsabitolderandunderstandsthebasicfunctionofmoney,youcanstartexplainingmorecomplexwaysofusingmoney.2.MoneylessonsApproachmoneylessonswithopennessandhonesty.3_Ifyoumustsaynotoachildsrequesttospendmoneyexplain,“Youhaveenoughtoytrucksfornow.Or,iftherequestisformanydifferentthings,say“Youhavetomakeachoicebetweenthistoyandthattoy.3.4Beginatthegrocerystore.Pickoutsimilarbrandsofaproducanamebrandbutte