人教版高二英语必修5知识讲解必修5Units1-3复习与巩固

1、必修五Units 1-3复习与巩固编稿：牛新阁学习目标重点词句说明：重点单词短语在各个单元的重点词汇中已经详细讲过，在复习单元不再重复，只就容易用错的部分进行提示和补充。Unit 1 : conclusion, expose, attend, control, absorb, blame, suspect, contribute, defeatUnit 2 : convenience, influence, arrange, delight, error, thrill, availableUnit 3 : impression, remind, surroundings, lack, ins

2、tant, likelyUnit 1 : put forward; apart from; lead to 和 as a result (of); make sense, suggest + 从句,have sth. doneUnit 2 : refer to, break away (from) 和 break down, take the place ofUnit 3: take up, lose sight of, sweep up 和 speed up, be similar to; as though/ as if,疑问词 +do you think +其余部分？重点语法过去分词综合

3、运用语法填空与分词作文写作技巧-分词重点词句conclusion【点拨】conclusion n.结束，结论draw a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 最后come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo.最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。【拓展】conclude v.结束；断定；决定These are facts: what do you conclude from them?事实就是这样：你从中得出什么结论？exp

4、ose【点拨】expose v.暴露，揭露;使面临，使遭受(常与介词 to连用)搭配：be exposed to暴露于，感染，面临She doesn t wato expose the family conflicts to her friends.她不想把家庭矛盾暴露给她的朋友们。Those who were exposed to the flu were separated and treated without delay.那些感染流感的人被及时隔离和治疗。We want to be exposed to as much art and culture as possible.我们想受到

5、尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。【拓展】exposure n.暴露，接触，揭发,宣传attend【点拨】attend v.照顾，护理；出席，参加She attended her injured son day and night.她日夜护理她受伤的儿子。Being ill, he didn t attend class.他生病了，没有来上课。【拓展1】attend to照料；处理；应付【拓展 2】辨析：attend, take part in, join, join in1. Why didnt you the talk last night?2. He will an important meet

6、ing tomorrow.3. Well social activities during the summer vacation.4. You can our art club. We are going to have a discussion this afternoon. Why not us?答案：1. join in。参加某种活动，如讨论、游戏等。2. attendo参加会议、课程、讲演、婚礼等。3. take part in。参加群众性活动，并起积极作用。4. join; join。加入某个组织、机构，或 join sb.,表示加入到某些人中一起做某事。control【点拨】co

7、ntrol vt. & n.控制，统治，克制，管理搭配：take control of 掌控under the control of 在的控制之中in control在控制中have control over 能够控制The team is already beyond the captain那个队已经不受队长的控制了。lose control of 失去控制beyond/ out of control 无法控制out of control失控，不受控制bring . under control 使,，处于控制之中 s control.He lost control of his temper

8、. 他发火了。The fire got out of control. 火势超出了控制。The fire was finally brought under control. 火势终于被控制住。absorb【点拨】absorb vt.吸收，吸引；使专心搭配：be absorbed in全神贯注于,absorb one s attention I 某人注意be absorbed into 被吸入（并入）We should absorb what is good.我们应当吸收好的东西。Absorbed in his work , Tom simply forgot food and sleep.汤

9、姆专心工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。She was absorbed in that novel that she didn t realthe food had got burned.她沉浸在小说中，没有意识到食物都烧焦了。Several small companies are absorbed into the big one.几个小公司被并入了这家大公司。blame【点拨】blame v.责备；谴责；把,归咎于 n.过失；责备；（过失、过错等）责任搭配：blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.为（做）某事责备某人blame sth. on sb. / sth.把某事归

10、咎于某人be to blame for （doing） sth .因（做）某事应负责任，应受责备（主动表被动）They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.他们因为计划延误而责备秘书。The police blamed the traffic accident on Jac k careless driving.警方把交通事故的责任归咎于杰克开车不小心。The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.这场交通事故司机不应该受责备。suspect【点拨】suspect vt.认为，

11、怀疑 n.嫌疑犯；可疑分子搭配：suspect sth to be .怀疑,，是suspect sb of doing sth.怀疑某人做了某事They suspect him to be the murderer.他怀疑他是凶手。She suspected him of taking her money.她怀疑他拿走了钱。The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu.医生怀疑 /认为他得了流感。【拓展】suspect和doubt1 .接名词、代词或名词性词组时，两者基本上可通用。2 .接that从句时，doubt意为“无把握；不相信 。suspe

12、ct意为“有存在或属实的想法；相 信”。I doubt that he has stolen my watch.我不相信他偷了我的手表。（信其无）I suspect that he has stolen my watch.我怀疑/猜想他偷了我的手表。（信其有）3 . doubt用于肯定句中时，多接 whether/if引导的从句，意义与 that从句不同，表示“不 敢肯定。而suspect不可接这种从句。例如：I doubt whether/if hell come. 我不敢肯定他来不来。contribute【点拨】contribute v.捐助，贡献搭配：contribute.。.把， 贡献

13、给 ,contribute to doing.导致“；向，投稿；有助于,A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.合理的运动量有助于健康。He didn t cobute one idea to the plan.他对这个计划没有贡献一个点子。It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum.她很大方，捐助了这么大笔钱。【拓展】contribution n.贡献；捐助搭配： make a contribution to .为,，作出贡献This invention ma

14、de a major contribution to road safety.此项发明为道路安全做出重大贡献。defeat【点拨】defeat vt.打败，战胜，使受挫 n.失败I defeated him in the contest and won the prize .我在比赛中击败了他，赢得了奖赏。The army was well-trained and well-armed , and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.这支部队装备精良而且又受过良好的训练，打败敌人没有问题。【拓展】defeat, win , beat1. win表

15、示“赢得”，后接比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品等，不接人。2. beat和defeat后都接人作宾语，都可指在比赛中击败对手，defeat还指在战场上战胜对手。3. beat还指连续的敲打或心脏的跳动等。At the school sports meeting, my class defeated/ beat Class 3 and won the basketball match.在学校运动会上，我们班击败三班，赢了篮球赛。He was so nervous that he could feel his heart beating faster.他很紧张，感到心跳得更快了。convenience【点

16、拨】 convenience反义词：inconvenience n.不方便at one s convenience人方便的时候for one s convenience 为了某人的方便We bought this house for its convenience.我们买下这所房子是为了方便。Please come at your convenience.请在你方便的时候来。【拓展】convenient adj.便利的；适宜的（主语不可以是人，而用表示事物的词语或it）Come and see me if it is convenient to you.你如果方便就来看看我。Will it b

17、e convenient for you to start work tomorrow?你明天方便开始工作吗？influence【点拨】influence n.影响，有影响的人（或事）vt.影响，改变搭配：have an influence on/upon/over.,有影响under the influence of 受到” 的影响区另1J： affect, influence , effect1. He was by Michelangelo later on.2. Fear some people by making them powerless to act.3. The medici

18、ne had no on him.答案：1. influenced。influence指潜移默化的影响，可以是名词或动词。2. affects.产生的影响之大足以引起变化。3. effecto effect可以作名词用，着重指影响的“结果、效力、作用” 。注意搭配：have effect on,意为“对,有影响”。arrange【点拨】arrange vt.安排，准备注意：arrange常接事情，而不接具体的人或东西；若接具体的人或东西则需接介词for。搭配：arrange for sb to do sth.安排某人做某事We ll arrange foran experienced teac

19、her / a taxi. 我们将安排一位有经验的教师/ 一辆计程车。Would you like to arrange a personal interview?你希望安排一次个别接见吗？I ve arrged for Mary to meet you at the airport.我已经安排玛丽去机场接你。delight【点拨】delight n.快乐;高兴；喜悦 vt.使高兴；使欣喜 搭配：take/find/have delight in 喜爱；以,，为乐to one s deligh某人高兴的是,be delighted at/by/ with , 因,而高兴Sometimes an

20、 old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old days.有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带来喜悦。The movie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight to millions of children.电影喜羊羊与灰太郎使千万小朋友获得快乐。【拓展】delighted adj.高兴的（表示人的感觉）delightful adj.令人高兴的，讨人喜欢的，给人快乐的The news was so delightful that we all felt

21、 delighted at it .这个消息真让人高兴，我们都为之感到高兴。error【点拨】 辨析： error, mistake, wrong , fault1. mistake强调日常生活中判断和看法的错误。It was a mistake buying that house. 买那套房子是个错误。2. error指违反某一标准做的错事，强调引起了问题或影响结果的错误。He cant forget the errors of his youth.他忘不了他年轻时犯的错误。I think you have made an error in calculating the total.我想你

22、计算总数时出了错误。3. wrong坏事、冤屈、犯罪（作形容词时，表示“错误的”）I have done you a great wrong. 我使你受了很大的委屈。4. fault多指性格上的弱点，行为上的过失，强调对过失的应负的责任。It s my fault that we are late.我们迟到是我的错。thrill【点拨】thrill vt.& vi.使兴奋，使激动；使紧张；使毛骨悚然；使颤抖 n.兴奋，激动；恐怖He was thrilled by her conversation.她的谈话使他很激动。She was thrilled with terror when she

23、saw the scene of the murder.她看到凶杀现场时，吓得毛骨悚然。The earthquake thrilled the land.地震使大地颤动.【拓展】thrilled adj.兴奋的，激动的thrilling adj.令人感到兴奋的常用搭配：be thrilled at/about/with sth.又,感到兴奋a thrilling experience 次激动人心的经历We were thrilled to hear the news that you were admitted to that university.听说你被录取到那所大学，我们都很兴奋。ava

24、ilable【点拨】available adj.可得到的，可利用的；有空的常用结构：make .available for sb.为某人提供可用的,be available （for.）有空（做,）注意1： available是多义词，用心体会下面句子中available的不同意思。The university is trying to make more accommodation available for students.这所大学正设法找更多的住处可以给学生用。Will she be available this afternoon? 她今天下午有时间见我吗？Tickets are a

25、vailable at the box office. 票房有票。Sorry, no seats available.对不起，没座了。I doubt whether we can complete our contract in the time available / the available time.我怀疑我们是否能在有效时间内完成合同。impression【点拨】impression n.印象；感想；印记搭配：have an impression of ,有印象make an impression on 给, 留下印象The new teacher made a good impre

26、ssion on the students.新教师给学生留下了 一个好印象。【拓展】impress vt.使感动，使留下深刻印象，使铭记搭配：impress sth. on/upon sb.使某人铭记某事物impress sb. with sth.使某人铭记某事物搭配：be impressed by/at/with X,印象深刻The teacher impressed the importance of English on us.老师让我们铭记（向我们强调）英语的重要性。I was deeply impressed by/at/with his performance. 他的表演给我留下极

27、深的印象。remind【点拨】remind v.提醒；使想起搭配：remind sb. of/about sth .提醒某人某事remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事The picture reminds me of my college days .这张照片使我想起了大学里的日子。Remind me to write to the boss .请提醒我给老板写信。Please remind me that I must call her up before nine.请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。surroundings【点拨】surroundings （复数）周围的事物；环

28、境（专指客观的自然环境）The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings.这座房子坐落在很宜人的环境中。【拓展1】surrounding adj.周围的,附近的Police are still searching the town and surrounding areas for the child.警方仍在小镇及周边地区搜寻那个小孩。【拓展2】surround vt.包围，环绕We could see the buildings surrounded by trees.我们可以看到绿树环绕的建筑物。【拓展 3】 辨析： environm

29、ent 和 surroundingsenvironment也表示环境”，指对人的成长、情感、观念、伦理、道德、品行等产生影响的 环境。surroundings偏重于生活、居住的周围环境。learning/Chinese speaking/bilingual/international environment学习 /说汉语的 /双语/国际环境lack【点拨】）lack缺乏；不足（可作名词或动词）He did not enter university because of lack of money.由于缺钱，他没有上大学。He is good at his job but sometimes h

30、e seems to lack confidence.他擅长自己的工作，但有时似乎缺乏信心。Lack of sleep had made him irritable.缺少睡眠使他很烦躁。What we lack in this house is space to store things.这个房子中我们缺少的东西是储存东西的地方。【拓展】lacking adj.缺少的；不足的搭配：be lacking in . 在,不足Money was lacking for the plan. 此项计划缺钱。You will not be lacking in support from me.你将得到我的

31、帮助He is lacking in courage. 他缺乏勇气。instant【点拨】instant n.瞬间，刹那adj.立即的,立刻的搭配：in instant need of help 急需救助in an instant 立亥U; 马上the instant, instantly 一,，就,，（引导时间状语从句）Please send me an email the instant you reach Sichuan.你一到四川就给我发电子邮件。The injured were in instant need of help.那些伤者急需救助。Instantly I saw him

32、I knew he was the man the police were looking for.我一看见他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。likely【点拨】likely adj.有可能的（主语可以是人或物）；adv.很可能 搭配：be likely to do.可能做某事It is likely that. 可能，Aunt Lucy is likely to arrive at noon.露西阿姨可能中午会到。The opening ceremony is likely to take place next month.开幕式有可能下个月举行。It is likely that only

33、 the professor will go to the meeting.有可能只有教授会去参加会议。The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed.最可能的解释是他的飞机晚点了。He says he just forgot about it. A likely story!他说他只是忘了。煞有介事似的。（A likely story表示“不相信”） put forward【点拨】put forward vt.提出；提名；提前，把（表等）往前拨助记：forward有“向前”之意。而put构成的短语的意思都与其后的副词或介词关

34、系很大。 试试：用含 put 的短语填空： （put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out ） The plan that you at the meeting is wonderful. Many tall buildings were along the road. Firefighters have been called to the fire in the city center. He has a little money to for a rainy day. Do n until tomorrow what can be do

35、ne today.答案： put forward put up put out put aside put off apart from【点拨】apart from除了1 . apart from 的意思相当于 besides, except 或 except for, 还可以表示 without o Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well.除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。Apart from the injures to his face and hands , he broke his l

36、eft leg.除了脸上和手上的伤，他左腿也骨折了。Your composition is good, apart from some spelling mistakes .你的作文写得很好，只是有几处拼写错误。There can be no knowledge apart from practice.实践出真知。2 .同义短语：in addition toIn addition to the names on the list there are six other applicants.除了名单上名字外，还有另外六个求职者。lead to 和 as a result （of）【点拨1】le

37、ad to导致，引起，通向（注意 to是介词，其过去式、过去分词 led）The heavy rain led to a flood.大雨导致了洪水。The road leads you to the station.这条路通往火车站。Hard work leads to success. Laziness leads to failing the exam.努力导致成功，懒惰导致考试不及格。同义短语：表示“导致、引起”的词或短语：cause, contribute to , result in【拓展】lead v.领（路），指挥，（在比赛等中）领先，过（活），通向She led me int

38、o the drawing-room. 她带我进入客厅。He leads his class in English.他的英语成绩全班第一。We lead a very quiet life.我们过着非常安静的生活。【点拨2】as a result （of）作为”的结果，由于It snowed, as a result, she was late.天下雪,因止匕她迟至U了。The train was delayed as the （a） result of the heavy rain. 由于大雨的缘故，火车晚点了。【拓展】result from 起因于，make sense【点拨】make s

39、ense说得通，有道理，有意义注意：make sense of理解；明白She doesnt talk much, but what she says makes sense.她说话不多，但说的都言之有理。Can you make sense of what he said?你能听懂他说的话吗？The movie doesnt make any sense.这个电影根本就是瞎编。It still doesnt make sense to me. 我还是没明白。Am I making sense?（比 Do you understand?客气得多）我说明白了吗？suggest + 从句【点拨】s

40、uggest接的从句有两种情况：1 .从句谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略。此时 suggest表示建议2 .从句谓语不用上述虚拟语气形式，此时 suggest表示“表明，显示。What do you suggest we should do now?你说现在我们怎么办？We suggested that he （should） go and make an apology to his teacher.我们建议他去向老师道歉。What he said suggested that he didn agree with us.他说的话表明他不同意我们的想法。The decis

41、ion suggested that he might bring his family. 这个决定表明他可以把家属带来。The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.他脸上的表情表明他很生气。【拓展】suggest vt.建议，暗示，使想起1. suggest doing sth.建议做某事2. suggest sth. to sb.向某人建议（不能用suggest sb. sth.）I suggested his / him giving up the foolish idea. 我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头。He su

42、ggested a different plan to his boss.他向老板提出了一个不同的计划。have sth. done【点拨】have sth. done请别人来做某事；遭遇，经历注意：此结构中宾语与宾语补足语是被动关系，用过去分词。I had（=got） my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被（风）吹掉了。I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。【拓展】当宾语与宾语补足语是主动关系时：1. have

43、sb. do使某人做某事（对比：get sb. to do）Don t forget to hve him come.另1J忘了 叫他来。2. have sb./sth. doing让某人做某事，让某情况发生（有动作正在进行之意）I have a car waiting for me. 我让车在等我。We can t hevthat sort of thing happening.我们不能让那类事情发生。refer to【点拨】refer to查阅，参考；谈到；适用于；涉及到If you want to know his telephone number, you may refer to t

44、he telephone directory.如果你想知道他的电话号码，你可以查电话簿。The old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March.老战士谈到了长征时的一些经历。These books refer to Asian problems.这些书涉及到亚洲问题。These regulations refer only to children.这些规矩只适用于儿童。Tom is going to refer the matter to the meeting.汤姆打算把这件事提交到会议上去处理。break away

45、 （from）和 break down【点拨1】break away （from）挣脱（束缚）；脱离；改掉（旧习惯）；破除（旧做法）The thief broke away from the policeman.小偷从警察那里逃脱了。You must break away from such habits.你必须改掉那些习惯。【点拨2】break down发生故障；（计划等）失败，破裂；（感情）控制不住，精神崩溃；中 止；分解The lift broke down , so we had to walk up the stairs .电梯坏了，我们只好走上楼去。When he heard hi

46、s sentence, the man broke down .听到判决，那人不禁号啕大哭。take the place of【点拨】take the place of代替，取代Some persons think that robots will take the place of human beings.有些人认为机器人将会取代人类的地位。place.Natural methods of pest control are now taking the place of c hemicals/taking the chemicals人们利用自然方法代替化学药剂来控制害虫。对比：take p

47、lace发生The accident took place only a block from my home. 事故发生地离我家只一个街区。【拓展】in place of sth. /in sth. s place代替某物（介词短语）Ill give the lesson in place of Mr. Lin.我将代林老师上这节课。对比：instead of表示代替，与in place of替换，但表示“而不是时，一般不替换。People often use plastics in place of/instead of wood or metal.人们常用塑料来代替木材和金属。You s

48、hould have some exercise instead of staying indoors all day long.你应多锻炼身体，不要整天呆在家里。take up【点拨】take up占去（时间/空间）；开始学习；从事，；继续；接受；拿起This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。She has taken up a job as a teacher.她当上老了。For a long time I had wanted to take up writing. 很久以来我一直想从事写作。）This chapter takes up wh

49、ere the last one left off.本章接续上一章谈到的内容。【拓展】相关短语take down 写下，记下；拆下， 拆掉take off脱下；起飞；打折扣，扣掉，去掉take over接替，接管，继承take back收回，接回，退回take in 收留；包括；理解take on聘用，雇用；呈现，显现take sb （sth） for 把某人（物）当作,lose sight of【点拨】lose sight of看不见 catch sight of. 望见，看至U , at the sight of.在看到,时 out of sight看不见了，不被人看见 试试：come i

50、nto sight 进入视野at first sight 乍一看in/within sight 在视线内，可以被看见1. She saw them off, waving until the car was2. He his hair in a mirror and got angry.3. I watched the plane go higher and higher until I it.4. The mountain town as we turned the last corner.5. There were only three boats now and they showed

51、very low and far inshore.答案：1. out of sight 2. caught sight of 3. lost sight of 4. came into sight 5. in/within sightsweep up和 speed up注意：up常表示“完成”或“向上”的含义。【点拨 1】sweep up打扫；横扫 （swept, swept）The leaves were swept up into the air by the strong wind. 叶子被大风卷到了 半空中。【拓展】sweep aside 放在一边，不予理会sweep away 扫清，

52、迅速消灭，冲走sweep off拂去，扫去sweep across/through.（迅猛地）扫过，掠过（某地）【点拨2】speed up使）加快速度;（使）增加“速度（ sped, sped或直接接-ed）The train began to speed up.火车开始力口速。【拓展】at a/the speed of 以，的速度run at full speed 以全速跑pick up speed加快速度with all great speed 以全速，开足马力at a high/low speed 以高速 /低速at （the） top speed 以最高速度speed limit速度限

53、制be similar to【点拨】be similar to与,，相似对比：be similar in 在,相似His views are similar to mine.他的观点与我的很相似。The two houses are similar in size.两幢房子在面积方面是相似的。They are similar to each other in appearance.他们在长相上非常相似。【拓展】类似短语：be familiar to ,对某人来说是熟悉的be familiar with 某人对，很熟悉as though/ as if【点拨】as though/ if似乎,好像1

54、 .从句用陈述语气，表示真实情况或极有可能发生的情况。It sounds/ looks as if it s gongfoiraliW像天要下雨了。2 .从句用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。She loves the boy as if she were his mother.（与现在事实相反，用过去时，be 用 were）她爱这个男孩儿好像她是他母亲一样。He remembered everything as if had happened yesterday.（与过去事实相反，用 had done） 他记得一切，好像昨天发生的一样。They talked and talked as if th

55、ey would never meet again.他们谈呀，谈呀，好像再也不会见面一样。（与将来事实相反， would/ could/ might do ）3 . as if引导从句时常省略，构成结构： as if+介词短语/to do/分词/名词He opened his mouth as if to say something.他张开嘴，好像要说什么。疑问词+do you think +其余部分？【点拨】此结构的“其余部分”如果是从句，要用陈述句语序。用于此句型的动词有：think, believe, suppose, imagine, suggest, expect等。Who do y

56、ou think is the tallest in your class?你认为在你们班谁最高 ？What do you believe matters when we take up the work?你认为我们从事这项工作什么东西最要紧？Which do you suppose will be taken away next ?你认为接下来被拿走的是哪一个？How much do you think this radio will sell for?你认为这台收音机会卖多少钱？重点语法过去分词的特点和作用1 .过去分词相当于形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。You must drink the boiled water here, or you will fall ill.（ 定语）在这里，