中考复习：冠词和数词讲解+练习

1、冠词和数词一、冠词的用法冠词是限定词的一种，不能单独使用，常用于修饰名词。冠词有两种：不定冠词 a/an和定冠词 the。【考点一】定冠词的基本用法(1)表示上文提到过的人或事物eg: I have a book, and the book is writtenby Mo Yan我有本莫言写的书。(2)用于说话人和听话人都知道的人或物eg: Do you know the boy under the tree?你认识那个在树下的男孩吗？(3)用于世界上独一无二的事物前eg: the earth地球，the sun太阳，the moon月亮。(4)用于表示方位的名词前面eg: in the fr

2、ont of 在前面，in the east在东方，on the left 在左边。(5)用于序数词或形容词最高级前eg: He is the first student to get to schoo他是第一个到达学校的学生。He is the tallest student in his classfc是班里最高的学生。(6)用于普通名词构成的专有名词前eg: the Great Wall 长城(7)用于形容词前，使其名词化eg: We should help the 01d我们应该帮助老人。(8)用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等名词前eg: the Changjiang Riv

3、er长江，the Pacific Ocean 太平洋(9)用于复数姓氏前，表示“一家人”eg: The Greens are having dinne格林一家人正在吃晚饭。(10)用于西洋乐器类名词前eg： I like playing the piano.我喜欢弹钢琴。(11) in+the+年份复数形式，表示“在多少世纪多少年代”eg: This story happened in the 1920s.个故事发生在 20 世纪 20 年代。(12)用于一些固定短语中eg: in the morning 在早晨，in the end最后，by the way 顺便提一下，at the sam

4、e time 同时典例精讲：A new road was built between our village and the town.road is wide and clean.A.不填B. TheC.AOne of the advantages of playingguitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.A. aB. theC.不填London held30th Olympic Games in .A. aB. anC. theD./【考点二】不定冠词的基本用法(1)泛指人或事物的某一种类eg: A plane is

5、 a machine that can fly火机是一种可以飞行的机器。I want to be a teache我想成为一名教师。(2)指某一人或事物，但不具体说明eg: He is a teacher in our schoo他是我们学校的名老师。(3)用于一些表示重量、长度、时间等的单位名词前，表示 每一”eg： I go shopping once a wee戒周去购物次。(4)表数量，相当于one,但语气较弱eg: My father bought me a new bike我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。(5)使抽象名词具体化eg: There was a strong snow la

6、st nigh昨晚下了一场大雪。(6)在一些固定搭配中eg： a little 点，a few一些，have a look看一看，have a good timegi得开心典例精讲：1. Be careful! There isdog lying on the ground. Thanks a lot.A. aB. anC. theD./2. What do you want to be in the future John?I want to befashion designer. It is amazing job.A. a； theB. an； aC. a； anD. an； the【考

7、点三】零冠词的基本用法(1)表示泛指、种类的复数名词之前eg： I like animals.我喜欢动物。(2)不含普通名词的专有名词前eg: Mary is from America.玛丽来 自美国。(3)名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时eg: This is my pen.这是我的钢笔。(4)季节、月份、星期等名词前一般不用冠词eg: I usually go camping in spring.春天我通常去里子营。(5)称呼用语前不用冠词eg: What' s the matterMom ?怎么了，妈妈？(6) 一日三餐前不用冠词eg: He didn &#

8、39; t have breakfast this morning天早上没吃早餐。(7)球类运动和棋类的名词前不用冠词 eg: My father likes playing chess.我父亲喜欢下棋。(8)在一些成对出现的词语前不用冠词eg： I like eating fruit and vegetables我喜欢吃水果和蔬菜。(9) 一些名词前不加冠词表示有特定的意义。eg: go to school 去上学,go to the school去那所学校, go to hospital去医院看病，go to the hospital去那所医院(不一定看病) 类似的有 bed, table

9、, class, university 等。典例精讲：I usually don ' t go to school onSunday.A. aB. theC. /二、数词的用法数词是表示数量或顺序的单词，分为基数词和序数词两种。范围特点例词1 12无规律one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve1319以teen结尾thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen eighteen, nineteen2090之间的整十数以ty结尾twen

10、ty, thirty, forty, fifty , sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety2199之间的两位数 (整十位除外)十位与个位之间要加连字符twentyfive, ninetynine101999百位和十位之间通常用and连接one hundred and eleven千以上右后1可前每二位加一个逗号，第一 个逗号读thousand (千)，第二个four thousand two hundred and fiftyfive (4, 255)读million （白力）,第三个读billion（十亿），然后节节读典例精讲：trees have been plan

11、ted near he reso the air is very fresh.A. Two hundredsB. Hundred ofC. Hundreds ofD. Hundreds【考点二】序数词表达法范围特点例词1、2、3无规律first, second, third419一般在基数词后加thfourth, fifth , eighth, ninth, twelfth, nineteenth20-90整十数把基数词后的y变成ie, 再加thtwentieth, ninetieth21及其后的多位数个位数用序数词，其余用 基数词21st: twentyfirst, 110th： one h

12、undred and tenth典例精讲：1. Now, everybody, please turn to Pageand look at thepicture.A. Fifth ； fiveB. Five ; fifthC. Fifth ; fifthD. Five； five2. I got a beautiful bike onbirthday. I like it very much.A. fifteenthB. fifteenC. my fifteen D. my fifteenth【考点三】分数表达法1/2： a half/one half1/4： a fourth/one fo

13、urth/a quarter/one quarter3/4： three quarters/three fourths分数表达.法：分子用某数词，分用用序数词，分子大于一，分用加 -s”。1. There are 60 students in my class and 44 of them use weibo very often. 44? That means about of your classmates are weibo usersight ?A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirdsD. three quarters2. About of the studen

14、ts in our class were born in the.A. twothirds, 1990sB. twothirds, 1990c. twothird , 1990s【考点四】特殊用法(1)in +物主代词+数词的复数形式，表示“在某人多少岁时”eg： He began to write in his forties他在四十多岁时开始写作。(2)in + the+年份复数，表示“在多少世纪多少年代”eg: The story happened in the 1920蚣个故事发生在二十世纪二十年代。(3)序数词前要加the,如果序数词前有物主代词或所有格修饰时，不用加 the。eg：

15、 I live on the tenth floor.我住在十层。This is my second time to visit Beijing.这是我第二次参观北京。(4)序数词前出现不定冠词时、表示“又一、再一”的意思。eg: I have tried it three times. Can I try a fourth time?我已经试了三次。我可以再试第四次吗？(5)分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据分数后面的名词来决定，如果名词是复数，谓语 动词用复数形式，如果是不可数名词，谓语动词则用单数形式。eg: Two thirds of the students are boysE分之

16、二的学生是男生。One fifth of the water is polluted.五分之一的水被污染了。典例精讲：一、在下列各题的横线上填上 a, an, the或/(注意大小写)1. Tom works as worker in the restaurant and he is paid by hour.2. France is European country. India is Asian country.3. Joe is honest boy. We all like him.4. After dinner, he stayed at home and played violin

17、.5. book on the desk is useful one.二、单项选择6. This is old computer. I want a new one.A. aB. anC. / D. the7. What' s the date today? It，s JuneA. seventeenB. the seventeenC the seventeenth8. Does your father go to work by car every day?No, he sometimes takes bus.A. a; theB. the; aC.不填；aD. a;不填9. of the land in that district is covered with trees and