B Unit知识点

1、8B Unit3 重点语法总结1.It looks like a TV. 它看起来像台电视机。look like“看起来像”，like介词“像，如一样”，后接名词或代词作实语。That photo doesn't look like her at l. 那张照片看上去一点儿也不像她。What do the stones look like? 那些石头看起来像什么？look forward to 希望，盼望 look after照料，照顾 look out当心，小心look over检查 look at看 look up查（词典）look for寻找 look down on/upon轻

2、视，瞧不起2.I agree.我同意。agree不及物动词“同意”。I don't agree.我不同意。agree on“在方面取得一致意见”，主语必须指协调的双方或多方。We agreed on the plan.我们对这个计划看法相同。agree to+“提议、办法、计划”的名词，“同意某事”。He doesn't agree to the suggestion. 他不同意这个提议。agree with sb.“同意/赞成某人的意见”。He agreed with me.他同意我的看法。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”。We agreed to start

3、early.我们同意早点儿动身。Tom asked me if my wife agreed to spend the holiday in the north. I said that she agreed to my idea,so we agreed on a date for it,and my wife agreed with what Id id.汤姆问我我妻子是否同意去北方度假。我说她同意我的想法。因此我们就定了个日子。我妻子对我的做法表示赞同。3.Look,this programme began an hour again. 看，这个节目一小时前开始的。begin（began

4、，begun）不及物动词“开始”。School begins in September. 学校9月份开学。Has the film begun? 电影开始了吗?begin及物动词。begin dong sh.和begin to do sth都表示“开始做某事”。The baby began crying. 婴儿哭了起来。She began to understand us. 她开始明白我们的意思。4.I t's boring.它很枯燥。boring形容词“没趣的；令人厌烦的”，常常修饰物；bored也是形容词“感到无聊的”，常常修饰人。The film is very boring.E

5、veryone feels very bored.No one wants to see it again.这部电影很令人厌烦，每个人都感到很无聊，没有人想再看一遍。用法类似的词exited，exciting；surprised,surprising:interested，interesting等。Boys are always excited at the exciting football matches男孩子总是对令人激动的足球比赛感到根兴奋。I was very surprised to hear the surprising news.听到这令人吃惊的消息我很惊讶。My father

6、 is interested in this kind of interesting film我爸爸对这种有趣的电影很感兴趣。5.send and receive emails发送和接收电子邮件send及物动词“送，发送，寄出”。send sth to sb.=send sh.sth “给某人寄/送某物”。I'll send my grandfather a hat on his birthday.=I'll send a hat to my grandfather on his birthday.在爷爷生日时，我将送给他一顶帽子。send away 把打发走 send for

7、派人去请send in递送，呈报，提交 send off邮寄，发送send out发送；派遭 send up发射6.receive及物动词“收到，接到”。Did you receive the letter from your pen pal?你收到笔友的来信了吗?receive收到，接到强调客观上收到receive a letter 收到一封信accept接受强调主观上接受accept a gift 接受一份礼物Kate received a gift but she didnt accept it. 凯特收到一份礼物，但是她并没有接受。7.I usually use it to searc

8、h for information.我通常用它搜索信息。use sth.to do sth.“使用某物做某事”=use sth.for doing sth.They use the sun to heat water.=They use the sun for heating water.他们用太阳来加热水。You can use the knife to cut the cake.=You can use the knife for cutting the cake.你可以用这把刀来切蛋糕。be used for doing sth.=be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”。T

9、he knife is used for cutting things.=The knife is used to cut things.这把刀子是用来切东西的。8.search不及物动词“搜索；寻找”。It was too dark to search further. 天太暗了，无法继续寻找。search及物动词“搜查，搜寻”，其后可以是表示地点的名词，可跟人作宾语。The police are searching the village for the thief. 警察正在村子里搜寻小偷。You shouldn't search him.It is against the la

10、w. 你不该搜他身，这是违法的。search for“搜索；寻找”，=look for，后面跟要找的对象作宾语。They are searching for him. 他们正在找他。search.for.意为“为了找.而搜”，search后跟地点，for后跟物，=“look for.+地点”。The man is searching the room for his keys.=The man is looking for his keys in the room. 这个人在房间里找钥匙。9.almost every day.几乎每天。almost副词“几乎”，一般放在实义动词之前，助动词、连

11、系动词be之后。Helen had a bad cold.She almost lost her voice.海伦得了重感冒，嗓子都快哑了。I tried to understand it,but it was almost impossible.我尽力理解它，但那几乎是不可能的。almost一般不和not单独连用，但可以与no, none, nothing，never等连用，而nearly不可以与no,none，nothing，never等连用。房间里几乎没有东西。There is almost not anything in the room.(×)There is almost

12、 nothing in the room.(V)10.Welcome to "Around the World in Eight Hours”欢迎来到“八小时环游世界”。welcome感叹词“欢迎”。 welcome to“欢迎来到.”.Welcome to China!欢迎来中国！ Welcome to our school.欢迎来到我们学校。welcome的用法：及物动词“欢迎”。We're welcoming new students.我们正在欢迎新同学。名词，意为“欢迎”。Let's give them a warm welcome.让我们对他们的到来表示热烈

13、的欢迎。作形容词，意为“受欢迎的”。He is a welcome teacher. 他是一位受欢迎的老师。11.Have you noticed the "Tour"icon at the top of the page? 你注意到网页顶端的“旅行”图标了吗?notice及物动词“注意；注意到”。notice接名司，也可接从句Did you notice the man in black? 你注意到那个穿累衣服的男人了吗?notice及物动词，接代词作宾语，接分词或省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。notice 名词“通知；注意；察觉”。 There are just t

14、wo notices this week.本周只有两项通知。notice sb./sth.注意到某人/某物He didn't notice you when you passed by. 你走过时，他没有注意到你。notice sb.doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事I noticed a man stealing something in the room. 我注意到有人在房间里偷东西。notice sb.do sth.注意到某人做了某事I noticed him repair his car yesterday.我注意到他昨天修车了。12.Further on is Time

15、s Square.再往前走是时报广场。further副词“更远，较远”，是far的比较级。He walks a little further.他又往前走了一点。further副词指在距离方面“更远，较远”Shes too tired to go any further.她太累了以至于不能再往前走了。形容词表示抽象意义，指程度上“更多；更进一步，更深一层”If you need any further help, please phone us.如果你需要进一步的帮助，请给我们打电话。Many parents send their children to foreign countries fo

16、r further study. 很多家长送孩子去国外深造。 farther形容词/副词指表示距离上的“更远，较远”I cant go any farther. 我再也走不动了。Jim can jump father than his farther.吉姆比他弟弟跳的更远。13.Every year,thousands of people gather here on New Year's Eve.每年新年前夜，成千上万的人聚集在这里。thousands of“成千上万的，数以千计的”。表示“成百上千的”“成千上万的”“数以百万的”hundred （百），thousand(千），mil

17、lion(百万)等词的复数形式加介词of。此时前面不能再加基数词或冠词。Thousands of people came to the island last year.去年成千上万的人来到这座岛上。The boy has read hundreds of books. 这个男孩儿读过上百本书。hundred，thousand，million前有基数词或冠词时表示确切的数量时，它们必须用单数形式，后面也不能加介词of。a hundred一百 five thousand五千 eight million八百万14.It's exciting to see the huge glass ba

18、ll falling through the darkness!看到巨大的玻璃球在黑暗中落下，真是太让人兴奋了！huge形容词“巨大的”。There is a huge building near the river. 河边有愤大楼。I have a huge pile of letters to deal with. 我有一大堆信件要处理。huge一般表示体积大，常用于指程度、数量、规根等，不强调重量big指面权、范围、重量或体积等是“大的”，常用于口语中，修饰人或物large侧重指教量、容积、体积或面积之大，一般不用于指人。修饰物时，能和big互接，但比big正式great常指抽象的事物，

19、带有主观色彩。可表示数量、距离或程度，修饰人时，意为“伟大的”The huge rock on top of the mountain looks like a monkey.这座山顶部的那块巨石看起来像只猴子。This pair of shoes is too big for me .这双鞋我穿太大了This room is large/big enough to hold twenty people.这个房间大得足以容纳20个人。China is a great country with a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的伟大国家。15.glass不可数名词“玻璃”Be

20、 careful with the glass.当心这些玻璃。glass可数名词“玻璃杯”。a glass of milk一杯牛奶two glasses of orange两杯橙汁glasses复数名词，意为“眼镜”。He often wears a pair of glasses.他经常戴着一副眼镜。16.fall(fell,fallen)不及物动词“落下，跌落”。One of the birds fell into the river. 有一只鸟儿掉进了河里fall可数名词“秋天”，为美式表达。I like the fall best of the four seasons.四个季节之中我

21、最喜欢秋天。fall名词“瀑布”，常用复数形式。What beautiful falls! 多美的瀑布啊！17.With several lakes,hills and a large green lawn,it's a good place to relax after a hardday's work.公园内有几个湖泊、几座小山和一大片绿色的草坪，是人们辛苦工作一天之后放松的好去处。with several lakes，hills and a large green lawn介词短语，with“带有；伴随”。With a smile on his face,he walke

22、d into the classroom.他面带微笑走进了教室。18.several 限定词“几个，数个”。several修饰可数名词复数形式。several years几年 several children几个孩子19.relax不及物动词“放松”，也可以作及物动词。形容词relaxing“令人放松的”， relaxed“感到放松的”。 You can relax by listening to music.你可以通过听音乐来放松。You can relax yourselves if you are too nervous.如果太紧张，你们可以放松一下。1 felt relaxed aft

23、er watching the relaxing TV play.看完这部令人放松的电视剧后我感觉放松。20.hard形容词“辛苦的，艰难的”。They did hard work every day. 他们每天做辛苦的工作。hard形容词“硬的；困难的；强烈的”。The maths problem is very hard.Can you help me?这道数学题很难，你能帮助我吗？hard副词“努力地；稀烈地”。 hardly副词“几乎不”Students should work hard at school. 学生们在校应当努力学习。It was raining so hard tha

24、t I could hardly see the road.雨下得如此大，我几乎看不到路了。21. day's是名词day的所有格形式。表示时间、长度等的名词，可以在词尾加“s”构成名词所有格形式。an hour's walk一小时的步行路程 three days' work三天的工作22.It has been famous for its theaters since the early twentieth century.自20世纪初期以来，它就以其剧院而闻名。be famous for“因而著名”，接表示人或事物某方面的特点、特长等的名词。 出名的原因Mr Wh

25、ite is famous for his novels. 怀特先生以他的小说而闻名。be famous as“作为而闻名”，接表示身份、职业等的名词。He is famous as a basketball player.他作为一名篮球运动员而闻名。23.the early twentieth century“20世纪初期”。“20世纪晚期”用 the late twentieth century。24.It comes from the famous Broadway musical Cats.它来自著名的百老汇音乐剧猫。musical可数名词“音乐剧”。Now more and more

26、 people like to watch musicals.现在越来越多的人喜欢看音乐刷。musical形容词“音乐的，悦耳的，有音乐天赋的”。Their children are musical. 他们的孩子有音乐天欧。25.pick another city and then start your new tour选择另一座城市，然后开始你新的旅行！start及物动词“开始”，接名词作宾语。start接动词不定式 start to do sth. 或动名词start doing sth 表示“开始做某事”，两者在用法上没有明显差别。My father started to work wh

27、en he was sixteen years old.我父亲在16岁时就开始工作了。He started learning English in 2001. 他在2001年开始学习英语。start“发动；发起；启动；开办；出发”等。I couldn't start that car. 我不能发动那辆汽车。Do you know how to start the computer? 你知道如何启动这台电脑吗?26.tour可数名词“旅行”make a tour around the world 环球旅行 go on a tour去旅行27.a play filled with many

28、 songs包含许多首歌曲的戏剧play可数名词“戏剧，剧本”。Some people don't like watching plays. 有些人不喜欢看戏剧。28. be filled with“装满；充满”，filled是动词fill的过去分词。filled“填满，充满”，形容词full（满的），fill和full的反义词都是empty（倒空；空的）。be filled with=be full of，其主语通常为物。The cup is filled with water.=The cup is full of water. 杯子里装满了水。fill.with.“用.把.装满”

29、,with接物质名词。Please fill my cup with water. 请把我的杯子装满水。filled with many songs是过去分词短语作后置定语。My father likes reading books written by Lu Xun. 爸爸喜欢看鲁迅写的书。I have a good friend called Tom. 我有个好朋友，名叫汤姆。29.more than two超过两个more than“超过，多于”，=overmore than的反义词组是less than，“不到”。We planted more than one hundred tre

30、es. 我们裁了一百多棵树。The young man is less than twenty years old. 这个年轻人不到20岁。more than后面可跟名词，“不只是，不仅仅是”。Kate was more than a teacher.She also did what she could to take care of her students.凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾地的学生。30.The website helps people buy tickets to different places.这个网站帮助人们购买去不同地方的票。help sb.(to)do s

31、th.“帮助某人做某事”，help后作宾补的不定式带to或不带to均可，=help sb.with sth.意思相同。He often helps me (to)study English.=He often helps me with my English. 他经常帮助我学英语。help oneself to sth. 随便吃/喝某物Help yourselves to some fish,children. 孩子们，随使吃些鱼吧。31.can't help doing.禁不住做She can't help laughing. 她禁不住笑了。32.New York is al

32、so called “the Big Apple”.纽约也叫“大苹果”。这是一个被动语态的句子，谓语is called意为“被叫做”。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态谓语动词的构成为“be+及物动词的过去分词”。Many people speak English. 许多人讲英语。（主动语态）主语 谓语动词 宾语English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人讲。（被动语态）主语 be+过去分词 by+主动语态中的主语33.There are no hills or lakes in

33、Central Park. 在中央公园没有小山和湖泊。no形容词“没有”，可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。We found no students in the classroom. 在教室里我们没有发现学生。There is no milk in the cup. 杯子里没有牛好。相当于not.a（n）。We saw no trees there.=We did not see any trees there. 在那儿我们没有看到树。I have no bike.=Ido not have a bike. 我没有自行车。34.That sounds great. 那听起来很棒。sound连系动词

34、“听起来”，后面常接形容词作表语，接介词like,sound like“听起来像”。The story sounds boring. 这个故事听起来很无聊。sound名词“声音”，指自然界中所有的声音，可以是悦耳的声音，也可以是噪音。We heard a strange sound. 我们听到了一个奇怪的声音。初中阶段出现的连系动词有：一“是”（be)，一“感觉”（feel)，一“保持”（keep)，三个“变得”（become，get，turn)，四个“起来”（look，sound，smell，taste)。它们中除be和become等可接名词作表语外，一般都接形容词作表语。35.Have y

35、ou ever dreamt of travelling around the world without a passport?你曾经梦想过不用护照环游世界吗?dream的过去分词dreamt，dream动词时（1）做梦，梦见，梦到（常和of/about连用）I dreamt of/about you.我梦见了你。（2)向往；渴望；想象That boy dreams of becoming a pilot. 那个男孩儿一心想当飞行员。I have dreamed of visiting America. 我曾渴望参观美国。dream可数名词“梦，梦想”。I saw him in a drea

36、m. 我在梦中遇见了他。My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。36.travel around the world“环游世界”。If I have enough money,I will travel around the world如果我有足够的钱，我将环游世界。37. without介词“没有”，之后要接名词、代词或动名词。由它构成的介词短语常位于句首或句末作状语。Man can't live without water.没有水人就不能活。She entered the room without knocking.她没敲门就进了房同。

37、38. You can realize your dream by taking an online tour.你可以通过进行一次在线旅行实现你的梦想。by taking an online tour“通过进行一次在线旅行”，by“通过.靠.的方式”，后面常接动词的-ing形式，表示“通过某种方式获得某种结果”。 My elder sister learns English by joining an English language club.我姐姐通过加入英语语言俱乐部学习英语。They raised some money by selling newspapers and Christm

38、as cards.他们通过卖报纸和圣诞卡筹集了一些钱。“by+V-ing”结构常用来回答How do you.?或How can .?之类的问句。一How do you usually learn Chinese? 你通常怎样学习汉语?I learn Chinese by reading aloud. 我通过朗读学习汉语。How can I turn off the TV?我怎样才能关上电视?一By pressing the red button. 按那个红色的按钮。39.to learn about a city. 要了解一座城市learn about“了解，获悉”。I want to le

39、arn about the earthquake. 我想了解这次地震的情况。about介词“有关，关于”，常与learn,write,talk，read,know等动词搭配。I don't know him，but I know about him.我不认识他，但知道一些有关他的事情。40.Australian seasons are the opposite of ours.澳大利亚的季节和我们的相反。opposite名词“对立的人或物”。Hot is the opposite of cold. 热与冷相反。opposite的词性和用法：词性用法例句介词“在.对面”，=across

40、from，常于名词一起构成介词短语，表方位They live opposite the bank.他们住在银行对面。形容词另一边的，对面的；相反的We live on the opposite side of the road.我们住在马路对面。副词在对面Theres an old man living opposite.有一个老人住在对面。名词“相反的人或物，对立面”，常于介词of连用“Tall” is the opposite of “short”.“高”是“矮”的反义词。41.Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour?

41、你介意给我演示一下怎样开始这次在线旅行吗?Would you mind doing sth?“你介意做某事吗？”，多用来提出客气的请求。Would you mind closing the door? 关上门好吗?Would you mind turning down the music? 你介意把音乐声关小一点儿吗?how to start this online tour作动词show的宾语。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。When to start is a problem.(作主语）何时动身是个问题。He hasn't decided what t

42、o eat for lunch.(作宾语）他还没有决定午饭吃什么。The question was where to go.(作表语）问题在于到哪里去。42. If you click on the “Camera” icon,you can see many pictures of the city.如果你点击“照相机”图标，你就可以看到这座城市的许多图片。if条件状语从句，主句含有情态动词，if引导的从句用一般现在时。If you want to lose weight, you should eat less bread.主将从现，主句一般将来时（或主句为祈使句、主句含情态动词），if

43、引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时If it rains tomorrow,I won't go to the park.如果明天下雨，我将不去公园。Go to see a doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了，就去看医生。if引导的条件状语从句，可以放在主句的前面，也可以放在主句的后面。当放中在主句前面时，多用逗号同主句隔开。43.Thanks for your help,Millie.米莉，谢谢你的帮助。thanks for.“因而感谢你”，=thank you for.Thanks/Thank you for helping me with my homework

44、. 谢谢你帮我做作业。44.My pleasure.不客气。My pleasure.用于回答别人的道谢，“不客气”。pleasure名词，“快乐；乐趣；愉快”。Thanks for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。My pleasure.不客气。with pleasure“高兴地；愉快地”，常用于回答别人的请求。Could you help me?你能帮帮我吗?With pleasure.乐意效劳/我很乐意。45.book tickets and hotels 预定票和宾馆book及物动词“预定，订（房间，车票）” My father has booked two rooms我父亲已预订了

45、两个房间。book可数名词“书”。1 love reading history books. 我喜欢读历史书。46.Daily English日常英语daily形容词“每日的，日常的”，=everyday.Computers play an important role in our daily life.计算机在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。daily可数名词，“日报”，其复数形式为dailies.People's Daily人民日报像daily一样既可以作形容词又可以作名词的还有：monthly每月的；月刊 weekly每周的；周刊，周报He is reading a weekl

46、y newspaper. 他正在看一份周报。47.order meals订餐order及物动词“向订购；叫菜”。order sb.sth.=order sth.for sb.“给某人订购某物；为某人叫某物”。He ordered his son a new suit.=He ordered a new suit for his son.他为儿子订购了一套新衣服。order及物动词，“命令”。order sb.to do sth.“命今某人做某事”。The boss ordered the man to finish the work in two hours.老板命令那个人在两个小时内完成工作

47、。order可数名词，“次序，命令”。The words are all written in alphabetical order.这些单词都是按照字母表的顺序写的。He gave orders for the work to be started. 他下令开始工作。in order to“为了”。He got up very early in order to catch the first bus.为了赶早班公共汽车，他起得很平。order宾语通常是饭菜、衣物、货物等，常与衣食有关Have you order your dinner?你点晚餐了吗？book宾语是房间、宾馆和车（船、飞机）票等，常与住行有关They book all the rooms.他们订下了所有的房间。48.It is made up of England,Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland.它由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。be made up of“由组成”。T he basketball team is made up of 12 players. 这支篮球队由12名队员组成。be made in“在.制造”。This kind of