草根NGO管理模式研讨

1、草根NGO管理模式研讨        【中文摘要】跟着我国经济体系体例和政治体系体例改造的不断深入,政府改变传统管理社会的方式和手腕,并逐渐从全能政府向有限政府改变,尤其是“小政府、大社会”目的模式的确立,为公民社会的成长发明了更宽松的环境,也为我国草根NGO的发生与发铺提供了必不可少的前提。近年来,草根NGO大量出现,其在缓解社会矛盾、推入公民介入、维护公民权益等方面施铺了政府与市场不可替代的作用。目前我国政府对NGO实行的是双重管理模式,这种管理模式施铺了一定的积极作用,但客观上也给草根NGO的登记注册设置了多

2、道门槛障碍,如范围障碍、资金障碍、场地障碍等,非竞争性原则也限制了草根NGO的生存和发铺,在这种管理模式下,草根NGO中的一部门只能选择以企业名义在工商部门注册,有些干脆选择“法外”生存,公民自下而上成立的、社会基本更为普遍的草根NGO被大量排斥在法律认可之外,其法律位置、轨制建设、政策支持等方面均处于灰色地带,影响了这些组织的正常运作、才能建设、公信力积聚和作用的施铺。草根NGO具有政府和市场无可比拟的功能优势,体现出更强烈的非政府组织的特性,也施铺着非常主要的作用,双重管理模式一方面模糊了非政府组织的界线,将良多组织推向“法外”生存,使其陷入合法性困境,另一方面,也使得政府将管理的留意力大

3、量倾泻在非政府组织位置的合法性上,不仅增添了管理的难度,同时也疏忽了对非政府组织本身行为活动的各项管理。跟着社会的不断发铺,政府对草根NGO观念的改变,人们对结社自由理解的加深,草根NGO的登记管理轨制和日常监管轨制也将不断跟着经济体系体例和政治体系体例的改造而树立健全,草根NGO应该取得其应有的法律位置并纳入政府管理视野、不再游离于体系体例之外,改造现行的双重管理模式,使草根NGO解脱合法性困境已迫在眉睫。本文尝试以解决目前草根NGO合法性困境为目的,在对目前我国双重管理模式入行相关评析、借鉴国外管理模式的基本上,提出构建当代中国草根NGO管理模式的路径计划。首先,在第一部门绪论中,本文阐述

4、了草根NGO管理模式的研讨背景、研讨现状、以及本文的研讨方式等;第二部门主要是明白界定草根NGO、管理模式以及草根NGO管理模式的概念、分类等,在此基本上,引入草根NGO生存和发铺的理论背景,即公民结社自由以及公共管理理论,并用二者剖析了草根NGO生存及发铺的合法性及合理性;第三部门是对现行管理模式下草根NGO的生存现状的评析,通过阐述我国目前非政府组织的管理模式,剖析我国草根NGO在这种管理模式下的生存现状,入一步揭示出我国草根NGO在这种管理模式下已陷入“合法性”困境的事实;第四部门主要是从登记注册轨制和日常监管轨制两方面来介绍部门国外非政府组织的管理模式,以美国、新加坡和日本为代表,通过

5、学习国外政府在NGO登记注册及日常监管方面的入步前辈经验,提炼出对我国政府管理非政府组织的主要启示;第五部门是在借鉴国外经验的基本上,以解决草根NGO合法性困境,使其充足施铺作用为目的,从思惟层面、法制层面、管理层面以及监督层面构建起新的管理模式,即“存案制与审批制相结合的登记注册模式”和“单一监管为主、双重监管为辅的日常监管模式”,同时文章的最后提出了今后入一步研讨的方向。');【Abstract】 Along with the deepening of the reforms in the economic and political structures in China, th

6、e government has changed the traditional ways and means to administer the society and gradually transformed from an almighty government to a limited government. The establishment of the target pattern of "the small government, the great society" in particular has created a more relaxed env

7、ironment and a broader base for the growth of a civil society. All these factors provide necessary conditions for the appearance and development of grassroots Non-governmental Organization (NGO) in China. In the recent years, grassroots NGO emerge in great numbers, playing an important role which ca

8、nnot be replaced by the government and the market in mitigating society conflicts, promoting citizens' participation and protecting civil rights.At present, the Chinese government adopts the dual administration pattern to administer the NGO, which has played a positive role but objectively sets

9、a great number of obstacles for the registration of grassroots NGO, such as the obstacles of scale, funds, place, etc. And the principle of non-competitiveness also restrains the existence and development of grassroots NGO. Under such an administration pattern, some grassroots NGO have to register i

10、n the administrations of industry and commerce in the name of enterprises, and some others simply exist as "outlaws". A great number of grassroots NGO established by citizens spontaneously with a broad social base are denied by law. The legal status, institutional construction, policy supp

11、orts etc of such NGO are in the grey area, which has been affecting the NGO' normal operation, capability construction, public credit accumulation, and functional efficiency. In fact the grassroots NGO enjoy the functional advantages that government and market can hardly compete with. The dual a

12、dministration pattern not only blurs the border of non-government organizations, pushing many organizations to be "outlaws", increasing difficulties in administration, but also draws the attention of the government to the legitimate status rather than the activities of the NGO. With the on

13、going development of the society, the government's change of the concept of NGO, and people's deeper understanding of the freedom of association, the registration system and routine supervision system of grassroots NGO will be established and improved along with the deepening of the reforms

14、in the economic and political structures. The grassroots NGO should obtain their due legal status to be administered by the government instead of straying out of the systems. The reform of the current dual administration pattern to draw the grassroots NGO out of the legitimacy difficulty is around t

15、he corner.For the purpose of trying to solve the current legitimacy difficulty of grassroots NGO, this * proposes a scheme of constructing an administration pattern of grassroots NGO in modern China on the basis of the relevant analysis and evaluation of the current dual administration pattern in Ch

16、ina and some references to the foreign administration patterns. This * is divided into five chapters. Chapter one, the introduction presents the research background, the current situation of the administration pattern of grassroots NGO as well as the research methodologies of the *. Chapter two expl

17、icitly defines the conception of grassroots NGO, administration patterns, and administration patterns of grassroots NGO, introduces the theoretical background of the existence and development of grassroots NGO, i.e. citizens' freedom of association and the theory of public governance, and analys

18、es the legitimacy and reasonability of the existence and development of grassroots NGO. Chapter Three gives out an analysis and evaluation of the existence situation of grassroots NGO under the current administration pattern and further reveals the fact that Chinese grassroots NGO have run into the

19、legitimacy difficulty by discussing the current administration patterns of NGO in China. Chapter Four refers to the administration patterns of some foreign governments from two aspects of the registration system and the routine supervision system, and abstract some important illuminations for Chinese government in administering NGO by learning from the advanced experience of foreign governmen