牛津上海版9A Unit 1 辅导讲义

1、.老师姓名学生姓名年 级九上上课时间学 科英语课题名称9A Unit 1 Ancient Greece教学目的掌握课内根底单词和词组的常用搭配教学重难点如今完成时的运用一、知识点1. luck n. 运气 Wish you good luck！ 祝你好运！ lucky adj. 好运的；幸运的 He is lucky to pass all the tests.他很幸运通过了所有的考试 luckily adv. 幸运地 Luckily，he passed all the tests.幸运的是，他通过了所有的考试。2. history n. I can use my computer to le

2、arn about a famous person from history. 我在电脑上可以读到某个历史名人的文章。historical adj. 历史的；历史上The Great Wall is a famous historical place in the world.3. at a time = each time; on each occasion 每次The doctor asked my mother to take medicine three times a day and two pills at a time. 医生让我妈妈每天服药三次，每次两片。4. disappea

3、r vi. ：become impossible to see消失 同义词：vanish v.消失，突然不见appear vi. 出现5. no longer= not any longer不再 My father gave up smoking . He is no longer a smoker.父亲戒烟了。他不再是烟民了。 =My father gave up smoking. He isnt a smoker any longer. He broke his leg and could no longer walk.他把腿摔断了，不能再走了。 =He broke his leg and

4、 could not walk any longer.6. go up the stairs= go upstairs上楼7. seconds later = moments later , after a while 不一会儿 Seconds later, she finished making rice dumplings.不一会儿，她就包好了粽子。8. look down at向下看 反义词：look up at 抬头看 He looked down at his shoes. They were very dirty.他低头看了看他的鞋子。鞋子很脏。 He looked up at t

5、he bright stars. 他抬头看着亮堂的星星。look for 寻找Jane is looking for her key everywhere. 珍妮在到处寻找她的钥匙。look at 看。Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。look after=take care of; care for 照顾We must learn to look after ourselves.我们须学会照顾自己look up 查阅 He looked up all the new words in the dictionary.他在词典里查阅了所有的生词。look ou

6、t = be careful 注意 Look out! There is a car coming. 注意！有车过来了。Beyond prep. past 穿过 ； on the far side of 在到的远处本单元词义9. empty adj. 空的 反义词：full adj. 满的 This is an empty box. 10. take sth. with sb. 随身带走了某物 When you get off the car, dont forget to take your belongings with you. 下车时，别忘了带走你的随身物品。11. main adj.

7、 主要的The horse must go through the main gate. 那马必须经过那扇大门。mainly adv. 主要地 This text mainly tells us how we should learn a foreign language. 这篇课文主要告诉我们如何学习外语。12. wood n. Wood can be used to make furniture.木头可用来造家具。wooden adj. Its a wooden ball, not a metal ball. 这是一个木头球，不是金属球。13. difficult adj. This is

8、 a difficult problem.这是个难题。difficulty n. There is a lot of difficulty in finishing the task.完成这个任务有许多困难。14.on wheels 在轮子上The wooden horse is on wheels. 这木马是在轮子上。15. maybe = perhaps adv. 也许；可能 Maybe he is right. 也许他是对的。may be 可能是 = He may be right. 16. want sb. to do sth 想让某人做某事= would like sb. to do

9、 sth. Do you want to visit the museum next week? 你想下周去参观博物馆吗？ = Would you like to visit the museum next week?17. interrupt sb. 打断某人 The captain interrupted him. 长官打断了他的话。 Im sorry to interrupt, but theres someone to see you. 对不起打断一下，有人要见你。18. obey orders服从命令 A soldiers duty is to obey orders.士兵的职责是服

10、从命令。 Break v. 违背= disobey 19. city n. 城市 citizen n. 市民；公民；居民All the citizens of Shanghai can enjoy the party. She is American by birth but is now an Australian citizen 她出生于美国，但如今是澳大利亚公民。20. celebrate v.庆贺 I celebrated my birthday with a big party.我举行派对来庆贺我的生日。 celebration n.21.dance around the horse

11、 围着马跳舞22. make a joke / jokes about sth. / sb. 拿某事某人开玩笑; 取笑某人play a joke / jokes on sb. 拿某人开玩笑My classmates like to make jokes about me at lunchtimes.同学们喜欢在午餐时间开我的玩笑。23. enemy n. 敌人 enemies 复数24. stupid adj. : foolish; silly 愚蠢的 反义词： clever ; bright ; wise ; intelligent ; smart25. make sure 确信。 We w

12、ill make sure all the windows are securely locked. 我们将确信所有的窗牢牢地锁住。26.be securely locked被牢牢地锁住 = be safely locked secure adj.平安的，可靠的。 V. 保护27.go to sleep 入睡；睡着 He didnt go to sleep until his mother came back.直到母亲回来，他才入睡。28. include v. 包括；包含，作为整体的一部分。The tour included a visit to the Science Museum. 这次

13、游览包括参加科技馆。including prep.包括。在内Ive got a three-day holiday including New Years Day. 包括元旦在内，我有三天的假日。Involve v. 包括；包含指“由于同主体有联络而必须含有eg： Housekeeping involves cooking ,washing and cleaning. 29. by midnight到半夜时为止 by + 过去的时间状语，用过去完成时 By the end of last year, they had read five English stories.30. except p

14、rep. "除。之外"，即不把被排除的事物包括在内 except for 常指在两种非同类事物中排除其中的一种 except that 用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况，其后须接从句besides prep.“除。之外还有，相当于in addition to例：He works every day except Sunday. 除了星期天之外，他每天都上班。This is a very nice car except for its high price. 这是一辆非常漂亮的车，只是价格太高了。It was a good restaurant except that

15、it was rather noisy.这家餐馆不错，就是有点儿吵。=It was a good restaurant except for its noise.Besides English, I also like Chinese and P.E.除了英语，我还喜欢语文和体育。31. another hour = one more hour 又一小时注意：another + 数字 + 名词复数 = 数字 + more + 名词复数如：another two chairs = two more chairs 另外两把椅子32. secret adj. 机密的；n. 机密 a secret p

16、lace一个机密的地方It's a secret between you and me. Secretary n. 秘书 He is a secretary of the manager.他是经理的秘书。 In secret 常用机密地 暗地里 secretly 机密地33. climb out 爬出去34. return vi = come back 回来 The man returned to his office. 那人回到了办公室。 vt.= give back 归还 Have you returned the book to the library?你把书还给图书馆了吗？35

17、.in the darkness 在黑暗中 I couldn't see anything in the darkness.在黑暗中我什么也看不见。 Adj.+ ness 后缀= N. 如: illness 疾病； sickness 疾病，恶心；careless 粗心；kindness 仁慈； Happiness 幸福； brightness 亮堂，亮度； lightness 光亮36. enter vi. = come or go into 进入 entrance n 入口处 This is the entrance to the exhibition hall.这是展览会的入口处。

18、37. seize v. 抓住，捉住 近义词： grab 抢夺，夺取 take/ get hold of 抓住 反义词：loose 释放，放开 capture 攻占；夺取 38. by doing sth. 通过做某事 We can save water by not washing vegetables under a running tap.39. in one night 在一夜间40. succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 = be successful in doing sth. = manage to do sth. = be able to do sth. su

19、cceed v. Our plan succeeded. success n. 成功；成功 What he did is a great success. successful adj. He is a successful businessman. 他是个成功的商人。 Successfully adv. 顺利地，成功地41. through a trick 凭借一个计策 The Greeks succeeded in capturing the city through a trick.希腊人利用计策占领了这个城市。42. leavebehind 留下 leave, left, left D

20、ont leave any rubbish behind when your picnic is over. 当野餐完毕时，别留下垃圾。43. be / fall asleep 睡着； 入睡 fall, fell, fallen 44. make the bed 整理床铺 lay the table 摆放桌子准备吃饭45. fix the chair = repair the chair fix, fixed, fixed 修理椅子46. offer sb.sth. = offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 He offered to

21、 help me with my English.他提出帮我复习英语。47. be busy doing sth. / be busy with sth. 忙于做某事 Im busy going over my lessons these days.这几天我忙于复习功课。48. give sb. a hand = do sb. a favour=help sb帮某人一个忙 Would you please give me a hand?你能帮我一个忙吗？49. all the time = always 一直 Dont be so independent all the time. 不要总是那

22、么独立。50. depend v. 依靠 dependent adj. 依靠的；没有主见的 independent adj. 独立的；有主见的51.accept v. 承受；认可 We all accepted his offer. 我们都承受了他的帮助。52.refuse : reject v. 回绝； 回绝 He refused my invitation. 他回绝了我的邀请。53.Its so big that they couldnt take it with them. 句型： so that “如此。 以致于。它的常见用法如下： so + 形容词或副词 + that He is s

23、o boring that nobody would like to talk to him. 他很无聊，以致于没人能赶上他。注意：so that 否认句可以和too to或 not enough to进展句型转换 so + 形容词 + a n + 单数可数名词 + that This is so interesting a story that all the people want to read it again. so + many 或 few +a复数可数名词 + thatThere are so many books that I dont know which one to ch

24、oose. so + much 或 little + 不可数名词 + thatThere is so little milk in the fridge that we must buy some.补充：1. catch &capture 抓住、捕捉Catch 是常用词，侧重通过追捕、诱捕或突然行动而捉住对方The police caught the theft.Capture 语气更强，暗示不利的条件，要通过武力或计策，战胜困难而捕获对方。We captured them alive. 我们把他们活捉了。2. sail v. begin a voyage 航行，开船 sailor n

25、. 水手，船员 sailing n. 航行 adj. 航行的3. help helpful helpless help sbtodo , help sb with sth 4. in order to do sth 为了做某事 = in order that目的在于，为了In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work. 为了赶火车，她匆匆忙忙的完成了她的工作。可转换为：She hurried through her work in order that she could catch the train.5. drag v.

26、拖，拽 近义词： pull v.拉 拖，拔。 反义词： push v.推6. giant adj,宏大的 庞大的 近义词：huge 反义词：small ， tiny 微小的7.suspect v.疑心8. come out 从产生，从出来9. object n.物体 ,v, 反对10. displace v,替代 ，取代11， entirely adv. 完好地 完全地12. send sb to prison 把某人送到监狱13.be made of 由制成 能看出原材料或发生物理变化 This table cloth is made of paper. 这张桌布是由纸做的。 Be made

27、 from 由制成 看不出原材料，或发生的是化学变化 Bread is made from corn. 面包是由小麦做的。 Be made in 指的是产地， 于 制造The caps are made in Russia . 这些帽子产于俄罗斯。Grammar ： The Present Perfect Tense 现 在 完 成 时一、构成形式: have / has +过去分词一、时态讲解：如今完成时一、 构成：如今完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.如今完成时的否认式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动

28、词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否认式、疑问式和简单答复形式如下：否认式疑问式I have not havent studied.Have I studied?You have not havent studied.Have you studied?He has not hasnt studied.Has he studied?否认疑问式简单答复肯定/否认Have I not Havent I studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not Havent you studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Ha

29、s he not Hasnt he studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.二、用法：1. 如今完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对如今的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。She has arrived. 她到了。如今完成时常与already、 just 、yet 、never、 ever、recently等连用。如：A: Have you ever read this book?B: No,

30、Ive never read it.A: Have you seen the film yet?B: Yes, I have already seen it. / No, I havent seen it yet. He has just gone to the library.just 发生在短暂的过去,放在行为动词之前.already 用于肯定句, .yet用于否认句和疑问句ever “曾经，相当于at any time。 如： Have you ever been to New York? -Yes, twice. / No, never. Its the most beautiful

31、building I have ever seen.never “从不， 相当于not at any time。如： I have never seen such a wonderful film before.I have never met a kinder man.2. 表示持续到如今的动作或状态，往往和包括如今在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，。如：1与 recently, so far, up to now, in the past last ,already, just, lately, for, since,yet等连用。Two bus stations have been buil

32、t in the past two months.So far, we have learned three units.2 与today, this morning, this month, this year等连用。Mr. Li has taught four lessons this month.The shop has sold about 200 washers this year. I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have b

33、een away for two years. 他们分开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday.3与since、for、How long连用。for 后接某个时间段，用来说明动作持续的时间长度，只能与持续性的动词连用。They havent seen each other for more than 20 years. since 意为“自从,后接某个时间点，用来说明动作起始的时间。注意：a) since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间，

34、表示“长达多久，如ten years, a while, two days等。since 的四种用法参见下表： since + 过去的某个时间点如详细的年、月、 日、钟点等He has lived in Beijing since 2019.他从2019年起九住在北京。since + 一段时间 + agoWe have been here since five minutes ago.从五分钟前开场，我们就在这里。since + 从句Great changes have taken place since you left.从你分开之后就发生了巨变。It is + 一段时间 + since从句

35、It is two years since you became a doctor.从你成为一名医生算起，以仅有两年了。注意：对for、since时间状语的提问用How long?Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 o'clock.5. Ind

36、ia has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. Since对划

37、线部分提问1.He has been a top fashion designer for a couple of years.How long has he been a.?2.The Smiths have lived in Shanghai since they came to China in 1980.How long have the Smiths lived in ?3.My cousin has been to the South Pole three times.How many times has your cousin been to the South pole?3.

38、1表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. ×以上三句话可以改为：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _been_ _died_ for 4 mon

39、ths.They have _been _ _away_ from only for 5 minutes2完毕性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1 He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He Beijing for .2 I moved to the USA in 2019. I th

40、e USA since .3 I went home yesterday. I home for .4 They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out1 He came out two years ago. He _ for _.2 We return to Beijing yesterday. We _ _ to Beijing since _. become be1 I became a teacher in 2019. I _

41、a teacher for _.2 The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1 The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2 The door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up； die be dead； leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / g

42、et tot sleep be asleep； finish / end be over；marry be married；1 I got up two hours ago. I _ _ _since _.2 He left Shanghai just now . He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3 My grandpa died in 2019. My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4 The meeting finished at six. The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5 I got to sleep t

43、wo hours ago . I _ _ _ since _ _.6 They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1 I began to teach at this school in 2019. I _ _ at this school since _.2 The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wear

44、catch / get a cold have a cold； get to know know1 They borrowed it last week. They _it since _.2 I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3 I got to know him last year. I _ him since _.4 I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beiji

45、ng. He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in the league / the Party / the army1 He joined the league in 2019.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two

46、 years.2 My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.答案 1. has been in , five minutes 2. have been in , 2019 3. have been at, two days 4. have been , last week 1. have been out, two years 2. have been back , yesterday 1. have been , nine years 2.

47、has been , two years 1. has been closed , two hours 2. has been open 1. have been up , two hours ago 2. has been away from 3. has been dead , seven years 4. has been over 5. have been asleep , two hours ago 6. have been married , 1990 1. have taught , 2019 2. has been on , two minutes 1. have kept ,

48、 last week 2. have had , two hours 3. have known , last years 4. have worn , three years has been in has been , League member has been , member of , League has been in2. has been , soldier , two years has been , the army 3 have been in+地点持续呆在某地e.g. He has been in Shanghai for 3 years.have been to +地

49、点去过某地e.g. He has been to London twice.have gone to +地点去了某地,仍在某地e.g. He has gone to Canada. He isnt here now.Has she ever been to the Summer Palace?Has she gone to the Summer Palace?Where has he been? 他刚刚到哪里去了？已经回来了Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？人不在They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。如今已经不在加拿大They have gone

50、 to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。可能在路上和已经到加拿大.构造:1. It is the first/second/third/time +that中须与如今完成时连用。 It is the first time I have been here.It is the third time that he has seen the play.2. Its +一段时间+since +that +从句.Its three years since he came to Shanghai.*如今完成时与一般过去时的比较:1.如今完成时强调过去发生的动作与如今的联络，对如今的影响。2.一般过去时

51、强调过去发生的动作或状态，与如今没有联络。They have closed down the restaurant .They closed down the restaurant yesterday.Whos taken away my umbrella? I cant find it anywhere.Oh, Sally took it away just now. I have learned a lot from the farmers.I learned a lot from the farmers while I was on the farm.3.如今完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days