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1、学习好资料欢迎下载形容词和副词的比较等级讲与练形容词和副词有三个等级:1原级,也就是原形。2比较级,表示“较”或“更一些”的意思。3最高级,表示"最”的意思。一、 原级使用原级一般有两种情况:1当不进行比较时,在程度副词very, so, quite, too等后面的形容词或副词要用原级。例如:This box is too heavy.这个箱子太重了。She speaks English very well.她英语讲得很好。2.在“ asas”或“ not as/soas”结构中,虽有比较的意思,但形容词或副词要用原形。例如:This ruler is as long as tha

2、t one.这把尺子和那把尺子一样长。Jim is not as/so tall as Tom.吉姆不如汤姆高。二、比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词,much, a lot , far,的多 a little , a bit ,一点儿,even甚至,still仍然,any例如,Less on One is far easier tha n Less on Two.第一课远比第二课容易。Tom looks even youn ger tha n before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。He studies even harder.他学习更努力了。This train runs much faste

3、r than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。She drives still more carefully than her husba nd.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。You must come a little earlier tomorrow. 你明天必须早来一会儿。This story is much more in teresti ng tha n that one. 这个故事比那个有趣的多。2.比较级常用的句型结构“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙 ”或“甲比乙几倍”例如,Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。This

4、room is three times bigger tha n that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”例如,I got up earlier tha n my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。(2) “甲+be+形容词比较级 +than+any other+ 单数名词 什介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”,含义是“甲最”。例如, The Yan

5、gtze River is Ion ger tha n any other river in China.=The Yan gtze River is Ion ger than any of the other rivers in Chi na.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。=The Yan gtze River is Ion ger than the other rivers in Chi na.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。=The Yan gtze River is the Ion gest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。注意:The Yan gtze Rive

6、r is Ion ger tha n any river in Japa n.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词 什介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”,含义是“甲最”。例如, Mike gets to school earlier tha n any other stude nt in his class.=Mike gets to school earlier tha n any of the other stude nts in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。=Mike gets to

7、 school earlier tha n the other stude nts in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。=Mike gets to school earliest in his class. 注意: Mike gets to school earlier than an 早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)(3) “甲 +be+the+ 形容词比较级 +of the two+迈克在他们班到校最早。y student in Tom ' s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都”表示“甲是两者中较的”。例如 :Look at the two boy

8、s. My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。(4) “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越 例如,He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。(5) “ the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,越”。例如,The more careful you are , the fewe

9、r mistakes you ' ll make. 你越认真,犯的错误越少。“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,甲or乙?”例如,Which is bigger , the earth or the moon?哪一个大,地球还是月球?“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级,甲or乙?”学习好资料欢迎下载例如,Who draws better , Jenny or Danny ?谁画得比较好,詹妮还是丹尼?3. 最高级常用句型结构(1) "主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示"是中最的”。例如,Tom is the tallest in his

10、class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。"主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+i n/of短语”表示"是中最的”。例如,I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。(2) "主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示"是中最之一”。例如,Beijing is one of the largest cities in

11、 Chi na.北京是中国最大城市之一。(3) “特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲,乙,or丙? ”用于三者以上的比较。例如,Which country is the largest, China , Brazil or Canada?哪一个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大?“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较例如,Which seas on do you like (the) best, spri ng , summer or autu mn ?你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋天?三、最咼级表示三者或三者以上的人或物比较时,要用最高级,其中有一个

12、在某方面超过了其他几个。形容词最高级前要用定冠词the,副词前可不用the。最高级一般要与表示比较范围的介词 in或of连用。of后面常接可数名词复数或 all等 代词,主语和of后的名词或代词属于同一个概念范畴; in后一般跟一个组织、单位、团体之类的集体名词,主语和in后面的名词不是同一概念范畴。例如:She is the you ngest of the stude nts.她是学生中年龄最小的。She is the you ngest in our class.她是我们班里年龄最小的。四、在使用比较等级时,要注意以下几点:1. 形容词的最高级前有了名词所有格或物主代词时,不再用定冠词t

13、he 了。例如:Jim is my best friend.吉姆是我最好的朋友。2. 形容词的最高级作表语,且不与其他人或物相比较时,也不用定冠词the。例如:Miss Gao is busiest on Friday.高老师星期五最忙。3. 在比较级的句子中有“ of the two ”之类意义的词组时,比较级前要用定冠词the。例如:Bill is the taller of the two boys.比尔是两个男孩中个子较高的一个。4. “ the+比较级,the+比较级”结构表示“越是就越”的意思。例如:The more,the better.越多越好。The busier he is

14、, the happier he feels.他越忙就越感至U高兴。5. “比较级+and+比较级”结构表示“越来越”。多音节词要用“ more+and+more+原级”。例如:He is running faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快。The city is beco ming more and more beautiful.这个城市变得越来越美了。6. 在比较级中,当主语与其他人或物作比较时,要用other 一词把主语自身排除在外,用形容词或副词的比较等级形式,表示的是最高级的含义。例如: Tom is taller than any other boy in his

15、 class.汤姆比他班里的任何男孩都高。7. “ Which(Who) is+形容词比较级,A or B? ”表示“两个人或物中哪一个(谁)较?” 。例如:Who is taller, Jim or Mike? 吉姆和迈克,谁个子较高?8. “Which(Who) is+the+形容词最高级,A, B or C? ”表示“三个人或物中哪一个(谁)最?”。例如:Which is the biggest, the sun, the moo n or the earth? 太阳、月亮和地球,哪一个最大?9. “Which(Who)+do/does+主语+谓语+副词比较级(最高级),A or B(A

16、, B or C) ?” 表示“两个(三个)中, 较(最)?” 。例如:Which do you like better, apples or bananas?苹果和香蕉你较喜欢哪一种?10. “ one of the+最高级+复数名词”表示“最之一”的意思。例如:Sha nghai is one of the most beautiful cities in Ch ina.上海是中国最美丽的城市之一。练习:做一做相关中考题1. An elephant isthan a tiger.(长沙市) A. heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavier2

17、. Lesson Ten isthan Lesson Nine.(哈尔滨市) A. difficult B. more difficult C. difficulter D. very difficult3. The bread isthan those cakes. A. very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious4. Few of us like him because he thinksof others tha n of himself. A. much more B. a little C. m

18、uch D. much less5. Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?( 南京市)Certa inly, we can buyone tha n this, butthis.学习好资料欢迎下载A. a better, better than B. a worse, as good as C. a cheaper, as good as D. a more important, not as good as7. In our city, it ' sin July, but it is evenin August.( 天津市)A. hott

19、er, hottest B. hot, hot C. hotter, hot D. hot, hotter8. Mary has three brothers. Smith isof the three.(武汉市) A. most tall B. the tallest C. taller9. Who ' sin your class?(兰州市) A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest10. What an imal do you like?I like all ki nds of ani mals.A. better B

20、. best C. very D. well11. Which subject is, physics or chemistry?(吉林省)A. in terest ingB. most in teresti ngC. more in terest ingD. the most in terest ing12. I will give you some n ice picture books.Good. The, the.(厦门市) A. more, better B. many, better C. most, best D. much, better13. Lin Tao jumpedin

21、 the long jump in the school sports meet ing.A. far B. farther C. farthest D. quite far14. The horse is old and cannot runit did.(武汉市) A. as faster as B. so fast than C. as fast as15. Of the two Australian students, Masha isone. I think you can find her easily.( 重庆市)A. tallest B. the taller C. talle

22、r D. the tallestKey:1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.C14.C 15.形容词和副词的比较等级常有一些特殊现象,它们多是常考点及易错点,现将其归纳总结如下:一、同级比较的特殊点在as . as结构中,若形容词作定语修饰单数可数名词,不定冠词a (an)应置于形容词和名词之间,不可放在形容词之前。例如:她和你的父亲一样是个好老师。误She is as a good teacher as your father. 正She is as good a teacher as your father.二、比较级

23、的特殊句型1. “the + 比较级 + of the two ”表示"两者中较的一个”。例如: Wang Gang is the taller of the two boys.2. “比较级+ and +比较级”表示"越来越”,注意多音节形容词或副词用"more and more +多音节形容词或副词原级”。例如: The days are gett ing Ion ger and Ion ger.En glish is beco ming more and more importa nt.3. “The + 比较级,the + 比较级”表示"越越”

24、。例如: The busier he is, the happier he feels.三、最高级的特殊句型1. “one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”表示“最之一”。例如:China is one of the largest countries in the world.2. “ the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 单数可数名词” 表示"第几”。例如:The Yellow River is the seco nd Ion gest river of Chi na.3. 当最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时,其前不加the;若两个最高级并列使用,后一个最高级

25、前也可以不力口 the。例如: He is our best friend. Liu Fang is the youngest and shortest girl in our class.四、级与级之间的转换1. 原级与比较级转换的常见句型: not so (as) +单音节形容词或副词 + as宀 单音节形容词或副词的反义词比较级+ than。例如: Tom is not so(as) tall as Joh n. Tom is shorter tha n Joh n. not so (as) +多音节形容词或副词 + as宀less +多音节形容词或副词原级+ than。例如: Tom

26、is not so(as) careful as Mary.Tom is less careful tha n Mary.2. 比较级间的转换:常改变比较对象的位置并使用形容词或副词的反义词。例如:Joh n is youn ger tha n Bill.Bill is older tha n Joh n.Li Mei comes earlier tha n Ma Hong every day.Ma Hong comes later tha n Li Mei every day.3. 比较级转换为最高级的常见句型:比较级+than + any other +单数名词。例如:Zhang Lei

27、is taller tha n any other stude nt in his class. Zhang Lei is the tallest stude nt in his class.比较级 + than + the other + 复数名词。例如: Mike is you nger than the other boys in his classt Mike is the youn gest boy in his class. 比较级 + than + anyone else。例如: Mr Smith is fatter than anyone else in his office.

28、 t Mr Smith is the fattest in his office.一、形容词的一般用法1. 作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如,It ' s a cold and windy day.2. 作表语,放在系动词的后面。例如,He looks happy today.3. 形容词修饰something , anything ,nothing ,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。例如,Would you like somethi ng hot to drink?学习好资料欢迎下载4. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。例如, How l

29、ong is the river ? It ' s about two hundred metres long.5. 只能作表语的形容词:afraid 害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill 病的;frightened 害怕的 例如,The man is ill.( 正) The ill man is my uncle.( 误)6. 只能作定语的形容词:little 小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的例如,My elder brother is in Beiji ng.(正)

30、My brother is elder.( 误)7. 貌似副词的形容词:lonely 独自的;friendly友好的;lively 生动的;lovely 可爱的8. 复合形容词:snow-white 雪白的English-speaking说英语的;glass-topped 玻璃罩的;full-time 全日制的;well-known 众所周知的;kind-hearted善良的;man-made人造的;take-away 可以带走的;ten-year-old十岁的。二、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)一一描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,长幼,颜色

31、)一一出处材料性质类别名词A small round table一张小圆桌A tall white buildi ng幢高大的白色建筑物A dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣A famous American medical school 一个非常著名的美国医学院三、形容词常用句型1. “It ' s +adj.+of+sb.+ 不定式”表示"某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish( 愚

32、蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正 确的),wrong(错误的)等。例如,It ' s very kind of you to help me.(=Youare very kind to help me.)你能帮助我,真好。It ' s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话,真粗鲁。It ' s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to g

33、o alone.)他单独出去太傻了。2. “It ' s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示"做某事对某人来说怎么样”。注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult( 困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible( 不可能的)等。 例如,It ' s not easy for them to learn a foreign Ianguage.

34、(=Tolearn a foreignIan guage is n ot easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。It ' s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers carefullyis very importa nt for stude nts.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。It ' s necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school

35、on time is necessary for us.) 对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。3. 表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad(高兴的),pleased(高兴的),sad(忧伤的),thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。例如,Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。I ' m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻,我非常难过。4. 表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure( 一定),certain( 定)等常接不定式。例女口 , Lei Feng is always ready to

36、 help others.他一定会按时到校。一、副词的分类方式副词:well ,地点副词:here ,still 频度副词:雷锋总是乐于助人。He is sure to get to school on time.副词按词汇意义可分为:fast ,slowly ,carefully , quickly程度畐U词: very, much, eno ugh, almost,there , out , somewhere, abroad , home,时间副词:today , early , soon, now,always , often , usually , sometimes , seldo

37、m , never否定副词: no, not,rather , quite then , recently , neither , nor,疑问副词: where , how , why 其他:also , too , only二、 副词的基本用法:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、概念。 例如:1.We should liste n to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。2. He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。3. “What happened?” I asked , rather a

38、ngrily.4. In spri ng, I can see flowers everywhere.三、常见副词用法辨析1.already 与yet的区别already用于肯定句句中,表示“已经” ;yet例如,He had already left when I called.“发生什么事情了? ”我相当生气地问。在春天,我到处都能看到花。用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示 当我给他打电话时,他已经离开了。“已经”学习好资料欢迎下载Have you fou nd your ruler yet?你已经找到你的尺子了吗?1 haven ' t finished my ho

39、mework yet.我还没有完成作业。注意:already还可以表示惊奇,惊讶等语气,常用于疑问句句末例如:Has your son gone to school already?你的儿子已经上学了吗?(表示很惊讶)2 very , much 禾口 very much. 的区另Uvery用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用very much.例如,John is very honest.约翰非常诚实。 Thank you very much. 非常感谢你This garde n is much bigger tha n that one.这个花园比那

40、个大的多。3. so与such的区别so修饰形容词或副词;such修饰名词,例如,My brother runs so fast that I can' t follow him. 我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词,其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词,名词前可以有形容词作定语,其结构是“ such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”,“ such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”,例如,He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。 (正) It is so cold weather.(误)They are

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