21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册课后答案

1、UNIT1TEXTAIIhasmadetodefinesgreatnessasthelastingcontributionwhichapersonmakesorhumancivilization.exampleofChurchillshowstheimportanceofpersistenceanddedicationinachievinggreatness.andonlychildrentendtomakegoodleadersintimesofcrisis,butmiddle-bornchildrenarebetterpeacetimeleaders.20thcenturypolitici

2、anshouldbeaneffectivepublicspeakerandasocialperson.seemstobelessimportantthanotherfactors,suchastheabilitytocommunicateeffectively.abilitytoovercometraditionalwaysofthinkingisalsocrucial.simplydon'tdevotetheamountoftimerequired.studyshowedthatenjoyingonesworkisthebestformofmotivation.IVbehindupw

3、ithinhistorynowhereonendowedwithbuiltonupwithcharge.apartVIefficiencyemergencyfluencyfrequencyproficiencytendencyurgencysufficiencyVIIsomestudents,it'snotthattheydon'tputinenoughtime-it'sthattheydon'thavegoodstudyhabits.performdifferentlyatschool.It'snotthattheyhavedifferentIQs-i

4、t'panyisnotveryproductive.It'snotthatitsstaffaren'ttalented-it'sthattheirenergyhasn'tbeenchanneledeffectively.'mreallysorry.It'snotthatIdon'twanttogotothecinemawithyouit'sthatIhavetofinishmypapertonight.haveastomacha

5、che.It'snotthatthefoodwasbad-it'sprobablythatyouhavetoomuchstressfromyourwork.VIIIWilsondidn'ttrytobringtheUSbacktoeconomicandpoliticalisolation.Instead,hebelievedininternationalcooperationthroughanassociationofnations.don'tteachstudentsingroups.Instead,theycanhelpthemlearneffectivel

6、yaccordingtotheirdifferentneeds.shouldn'tfocusonminorpoints.Instead,weshouldtrytosolvetheproblemofthegreatesturgencyatpresent.dosen'tgetanybodyelsetohelphim.Instead,helikestoattendtoeverythinghimself.successshouldn'tbemeasuredbythescoresthestudentsreceiveontests.Instead,itshouldbemeasure

7、dbywhetherthestudentshaveinternalizedtheabilityanddesiretolearn.IXBCBADDCABADABCA那就是一种持续不断地追求成功他解释道.“但研究结果说明,伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践西蒙顿说,如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话,的动力.“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些超常非凡的东西,有的伟人并没有惊人的智力.有的只是程度上的差异而已.和献身精神的根底之上的.他举出二战时期的英国首相温斯顿？丘吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险者的典范.丘吉尔在全国上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台,并出色地领导了英国人民.在1940年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后

8、的一次演讲中,他的话鼓励了全国人民,“我们绝不会衰退、失败.我们将坚持到底我们永远不会屈服.astheirfamilytendtodefinepeoplebythejobstheyhave/do.Suchcharacteristicsandeducationalbackgroundsareconsideredlessimportant.uncompromisingpersonalityexplainswhyhecouldnolongerputupwithhisemployerandeventuallysubmittedhisresignation.youreallywanttolearnEng

9、lishwell,youmustputinalotoftimeandenergy,oryou'llgonowhere.Thesamecanbesaidofothersubjects.actorsfameisbuiltontheirinnatebeauty,butdespitehisshortstature,DustinHoffmanroseaboveanditishisexcellentactingthatsethimapart.hetookcharge,wediscoveredthattherewerestrikingdifferencesbetweenhimandhispredec

10、essor.Hehadthedriveandpassion,cameupwithmanynewideas,andfocusedhisworkonhowtoraiseourmorale.XiaopingmadehistorywhenhedeclaredChina'sreformandopening-uppolicy.Despitetremendousobstacles,hemadelastingcontributionstoourcountry'smodernizationwithhisunrelentingefforts.couldsomeonewithageniusIQbel

11、eftbehindbyahardworkingpersonwithanaverageIQ?Ithastobeacknowledgedthatbesidesone'sIQ,manyotherfactorshavemuchtodowithone'sachievements.teacherisreallyremarkableinfirstmotivatingherstudentssoshecanreallyteachthemsomething.It'snotthatsheistalented,it'sthatshefocusescompletelyordrawingt

12、heirfullattentioninclass.UNIT2TEXTAIIgotnothanksforreturningawallet,thoughhedeservedto.wantstoshowhowmuchpeopleneedgratitudetokeepupaspiritofkindnessandcooperation.savedupfortwoyears,wenttoNormandyinperson,andgaveherson'sgoldwristwatchtothewoman.sendashortrecordingexpressinghisappreciationofthea

13、uthor'sthoughtfulnessandsentittotheauthor.patientwhoselifewassavedbyabloodtransfusioncamebackagainandagaintodonatehisbloodanonymouslysothatmorepatientscouldbesaved.doesitbyciting.Hudson'sgratitudeforhiswife'sday-to-dayheroism.peoplewhodolittlethingsforusallyearround.canmakepeopletakeinfi

14、nitepainswiththeirwork.isneededallthetimeandnoneofuscangivetoomuchofit.IVtookmyfancyforgrantedmistakeonJohn'sparttwiceupaboutfromtopainswithofonewayoranotherupVIVIIsacrificefortheeducationoftheyoungwastoogreatpriceistoohightopayinordertosavetheirlivesbetoocarefulinperforminganexperimentcannotpra

15、isehimtoomuchnotbeoveremphasizedbeoverestimatedVIIIBACDDBABCDBADCAIX一些人不愿表达感谢之情,由于他们觉得这不会受欢送.我的一个病人在出院几个星期后回到医院感谢他的护士.“我没有更早地回来,他解释说,“是由于我猜测你们对于人们的感激一定厌烦得要命.“正好相反,她答复说,“我很快乐你来.很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励,我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了多大的帮助.我们所给予的感谢永远不会过多.由于我们身边的人在构筑他们的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑、我们所表示的感谢和我们表示欣赏的各种小小的示意动作.XglaredatJohnan

16、dwasannoyedbyhisrefusaltocooperate.'ssincerespeechshowshisgratitudetothepeoplewhorenderedhimgeneroushelpwhenhewasindifficulty.issomethingofastampcollector.Thefactthatoncehesavedupfortwoyearstobuyararestampisproofofit.beautyoftheserosescouldnotbeoverstated.Theytook/caughtallthevisitorsfancyinonew

17、ayoranother.firsthetookitforgrantedthattheyshouldbuildmorehighwaysinthisarea.Thenacarefulcalculationoftheexpenditurecompelledhimtothinktwicebeforehemadethefinaldecision.timehereceivesagiftfromme,nomatterhowsmall,myfriendBillneverfailstoacknowledgeit.journalisthasdecidedtotracetheyoungmanreferredtoin

18、theoldcouple'sletter,whichisatributetotheyoungman'seffortatimprovingtheirlivingconditions.hewasfedupwiththesalesmenwhoknockedathisdoorandboastedabouttheirproductseveryday,herefrainedfromslammingthedoorintheirface.UNIT3TEXTAIIchangedhisperspectiveandobservedpeoplewhodidnothavesmallpox.wantsto

19、paresthehumanbraintoacomputerandthechangeofone'spointofviewtothereprogrammingofthecomputer.istofightit.callsitverticalthinking.usedthetechniqueoflateralthinking.keyistomakeashiftinemphasisinsteadoffightingtheproblemhead-on.shouldchangetheirpointofviewandregar

20、dthemselvesastheirbody'skeeper.oftenlateralthinkingyieldsmuchbetterresultsthanverticalthinking.isapproachingthetargetfromasidewayspointofviewinsteadofapproachingitdirectly.end;verticalIVupbeinginoveroneffectupteachingVIassistantaccountantservantdependantattendantcontestantdefendantconsultantinha

21、bitantoccupantVIIusegreatimportancegreat/critical/extremesignificancelittlevaluemarkedbenefitinvaluablehelpVIII1.shouldhavetoldmeatonce2.havetoldmebeforehand3.haveleftthecompanylongago4. nevershouldhavehappened5. shouldhaveleftthirtyminutesago6. shouldhavephonedIXCDBDABBDBBCABDCX一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗.“进

22、展越困难,硬汉子越向前这句话便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度.不管是什么问题,不管可以用来解决问题的方法是什么,我们西方人的思维方式所产生的框架总是搏斗.德博诺医生称之为纵向思维；即那种传统的、按顺序的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维,坚决地从一步移到下一步,就像玩具积木一块搭在另一块之上.当然,它的缺陷是,如果在任何时刻其中一步没有到达,或者一块积木没有放对,那么整个结构就会坍塌.事情就会陷入僵局,沮丧、紧张和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头.横向思维,德博诺医生说,是对事物进行思考的一种新方法一一一种完全防止这种拼搏,用一种完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法.XIwashungupontheproblem

23、butcoulddonothingaboutituntilhelearnttosolveitwithdifferenttactics.thinkinghashelpedhimtoadvancehisnewtheorywhichhadseemedtoreachadeadend.frameworkofourlatestconstructionplanhasbeenaffirmedbythelocalgovernment.Whetheritwillbecarriedoutontimeisoftheutmostsignificancetothedevelopmentofthiscoastalcity.

24、tryingtofindasolutiontotheproblem,Edwardreachedanimpasseinhisthinking,butlaterhechangedhispointofviewandsolvedtheprobleminanentirelyunexpectedfashion.peoplebelievethatcomputerlabswilleventuallytakeoverfromthelibrariesandstudentswhowanttotakeinnewknowledgewillenduplearningeverythinginthecomputerlab.h

25、iscarcrashedintoatruckalmosthead-on.Ifhedoesnotstopdrivingsocarelessly,Iamsurehewillwindupintheemergencyroomofahospital.isaflawinthestructuraldesignofthepainting.Whydon'tyouerasetheverticallinesandsimplifyitalittlebit?shouldhavegivenupsmokingalongtimeago.Afterall,healthisoftheutmostimportancetoe

26、verybody.TEXTAIIIQsamongthestudentswerewithinthenormalrange.studyshowedthatateacher'spositiveviewandhighexpectationsofstudentsconvincesthemthattheyaregiftedandenablesthemtodobetterthanaveragework.didnotseethisasevidencethatthestudentwasnotbrightorcapable,butrathervieweditasoneday担poorperformance

27、,anexceptiontoanormallygoodpatternofwork.ishardtodescribeexactly,buthertonewasassuredandshedidnotexpressanynegativequalitiessuchasirony,putdownsand/orirritation.showsthatpositiveexpectationcanbeeffectiveevenonmice,whodonot,ofcourse,understandhumanlanguage.meansthinkingofpeopleintermsofthegeneralprej

28、udiceswhichwehaveabouttheirnationality,theirrace,ortheirgender,ratherthanthinkingofthemasindividuals.defineabroad,heterogenerousgrouptoospecifically.Theyareusuallyprejudicial,non-inclusive,andoftenracistorsexist.exampleshowshowlabelingcancreateasenseofguiltinapersonwhodoesnotdowhatisexpected,evenwhe

29、nhefollowshistalentsandisquitesuccessful.IV;certaintytermsoftoofthroughwithlivesuptorealityoftenasnotpartVII;transferringVIIItheexampleinthetextmakesclearimentionedearlier/As(was)mentionedearlierisknownall(is)agreedoninthecontracthadbeenoriginallyplannedIXwouldratheroverworkthemselvestomakelifebette

30、rforoursakethanspendtheirhard-earnedmoneyonthemselvesratherreadabest-sellerthanchatwithothersratherconfineyourselfinthelibrarythangoouttomeetandtalkwithlocalpeoplerathergiveupmyshort-terminterestthanletitslipawayrathernottellourparentswhat担inourmindsthansitdownandcommunicatewiththemlikefriendsXBDADB

31、ACADABBACBXI某个学生的成绩达不到老师的期望是常有的事.当这种情况发生时,那个学生面对的不是失望、愤怒或恼怒.相反,老师认为这是一次例外,一件偶然的事情,倒霉的一天,一次暂时的失误一一而学生相信了她,并消除了疑虑.下一次,他更加努力了,决心做到老师知道他能做到的事.很难精确地确定老师传达的信息：“我期待着最好的成绩,中到底是哪一局部告诉了孩子.它的一局部包括显示信心的平和语调,言语上的耐心,及没有挖苦、贬低和恼怒等消极因素.期待着最好成绩的老师满怀信心地提问,由于她知道她得到的答案将是正确的,而孩子也感受到了那种信心.XII shouldavoiddecidingwhoissuper

32、ioronlyintermsofstudents'examresultsandtreatingthemaccordingly.Instead,agoodeducationalsystemshouldenableeverystudenttomeasureuptogoodstandardsaswell-roundedpeople.oftenasnot,whencollegestudentshavequestionsafterclass,theirteachersarenotreadilyavailableexceptduringofficehours.Thisisduetoteachers'busyacademicresearch,r