全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程3--1-8单元-cloze-原文配答案

1、1.1JimDohertymaynotbeabornfarmer,buthegetsbuywithouttoomuchtrouble.Notthathehashaditeasy.Thatfirsthardwinterhefacedmusthavelefthimwiththetemptationtogiveupandgobacktothecity.Buthemanagedtogetthroughitwithoutlosingheart.He'pickedupalotofskillssincethenandmadesomerealimprovementstohisfarm,thoughwi

2、thoutmuchlaborsavingmachineryasidefromthatoldrotarycultivator.Isuspecthedoesn'tmakeallthatmuch,thoughhedoeshavehiswritingtosupplementwhatlittleprofithemakesfromthefarm.Iguesshedoesitprimarilyforthequalityoflife.Certainly,theyseemahappyfamilyandyoucanoftenseethemoutworkingtogether,onedaysprayinga

3、ppletrees,thenextstackingfirewood.1.2Ahomesteader自耕农isapersonwholivesaself-reliantlifestylewithmajoremphasisonhomeproduction.whiletheIndustrialAgeisbeingreplacedbyinformationandelectronics,somepeopletrytoseekanescapefromthesocial,environmental,andeconomicmadnessofthemodernageandbegintoconsiderreturn

4、ingtothecountry.Asthislifestyleissoenjoyable,satisfyingandrewarding,moreandmorepeoplearepreparedtoquittheirjobinthecityandstartanewandmoremeaningfullifeontheirvariousfarms.Forsomeithasbecomenotonlyawayoflife,butawayoflookingattheworld.Ofcourse,lifeinthecountrycanbeprettytough.Whileitisanenjoymenttob

5、esoclosetoNature,youmayhavetoreduceyourdependenceonfuelsbycuttingbackonyourdailyconsumption.Youmayalsohavetoprepareyourownmealseverydayandprovideyourownlow-costentertainmentwithouttheluxuriesthatarecommonincities.Onbalance,however,livinginthecountryhaslongbeenapartoftheAmericanDream.GenerationsofAme

6、ricanshaveconsideredthecountryanidealsettinginwhichtoliveandraiseafamily2.1TheundergroundRailroadwasforgedbytheeffortsofthosewhowerepreparedtofightagainstslaveryandstandupforthelong-sufferingSouthernblackAmericans.Someofthosewhohelpedtotransportslavestothenorthandfreedomwereformerslavesthemselves.Ot

7、hersfeltcompelledtotakepartbecauseoftheirdeeplyheldconvictions.Formanyofthoseinvolved,liberatingtheslavesfromthosewhoexploitedthembecauseamission.Whiletheireventualgoalwastoabolishslaverycompletely,inthemeantimetheywereintentonhelpingtofreeasmanyslavesaspossible,oftenatconsiderablerisk.Intheeyesofsl

8、aveowners,theyweredangerousenemiesandfrequentlyreceiveddeaththreats2.2Despitethename,theUndergroundRailroadwasnotreallyarailroad,butwasanetworkofpeoplewhoassistedfugitiveslaves.ManyfugitiveswhoescapedtotheNorthandCanadareceivedassistancealongthewayfromindividualswhowereinvolvedinthisnetwork.Bytheear

9、ly19thcentury,theorganizationbecamesosuccessfulthatitisestimatedthatthatbetween1810and1850,100,000slavesescapedfromtheSouththroughtheUndergroundRailroad.Itwasnota(n)coincidencethatitwascalledtheUndergroundRailroad.Steamrailroadshadjustemergedandthetermsusedtodescribethepeoplewhohelpedandthefugitives

10、wererelatedtotherailroadline.Fugitiveslaveswerecalled"parcels"and"passengers",thehelperswerethe"conductors",thepeoplewhoprovidedtheirhomesasrefugewerecalled"stationmasters,"andthehomeswerereferredtoas"depots"or"stations".Therouteusedwasanim

11、portantpartofasuccessfulescape.Therewerenumeroussecretroutesthataconductorcoulduse.Theoneuseddependedonwherethesearchpartiesandslavecatcherswerestationed.Sometripsrequiredtheuseofmanydifferentroutes.Ifitappearedthattheymightbeindanger,aguidewouldchangepaths.Someguidesandfugitivesevenhidoutinbushesan

12、dswampsformanydaysuntilitwassafetocontinueon.Quicknesswasnotthemainconcern,insteadsafetywasmostimportantandasaresulttheyoftenzigzaggedinordertoavoidcapture3.1Statisticsshowthatcrimeinruralareasisnowrisingfasterthaninthecities.Theerawhenthecountrysidestoodforsafetyandsecutityhaslonggong.Nolongerisits

13、afeanywheretogooutleavingthedooronthelatch.Weallfeelvnlnerable_andseektostrengthenthebarriersweusetoholdcriminalsatbay.Thesecanrangefromoldfashionedboltsandbarstothelatestelectronicdevices.Amomenfsreflection,however,isenoughtobringusfacetofacewiththefollowingpuzzle:wemayhavelockedtheevilsout,butindo

14、ingsowehavelockedourselvesin.thishardlyseemsacivilizedwayoflife.3.2Statisticsshowthatatsomepointinyourlife,youwillgetrobbed.Thingsgetevenworseforapartmentdwellersbecausesomanypeoplepassinandoutofanapartmentbuilding,anditismuchtoughertokeepnon-residentsout.Sowhattodo?Don'tpanic.Yes,apartmentsarel

15、iabletorobbery,butthereareoptionsotherthanbarricadingyourselfinyourapartmentwithashotgun.Wesuggestthatyouusesomecommonsensetoshiftthattargetfromyourdoor.Thentheburglarwillrobthelessguarded,notyou.Weknowwhatyou'rethinking:"I'llnevergetrobbed.Who'dwanttostealahalfcanofDietCokeandanele

16、ctrictoothbrush?"Ifthosereallyaretheonlythingsinyourapartment,youhaveeveryreasonnottoworry.However,ifyouhavesomethingyou'dliketokeep-say,aTV,astereo,acomputer,aPicasso-it'swisetobeutious.Yourgoalisnottosetupanysophisticatedsecuritysystemstoholdthievesatbay;yourgoalistokeepcriminalsfrome

17、ventryingtobreakintoyourapartmentinthefirstplace.Ifsomeonereallywantstobreakin,chancesarethathe/sheisgoingtofindawaybybreakingawindoworclimbingupthefireescape.Therefore,youshouldremoveallsignsthatsay,"Hey,lookatme!Lotsofgoodiesandnosecurity!Comeonin!"Lockthedoorwhenyouleave.Don'tleavet

18、hewindowsopenalldaylong.Don'ttapenotesonthedoordirectedtoyourmatereading"Goneallday!Leftthedoorunlockedforyou!"Justuseyourbrains!4.1Einsteinteachershouldhavehadalittlemorecautionbeforehecametotheconclusionthathispupilwouldnevergetanywhereinlife.Probablyhewasirritatedbythethoughtthatthe

19、youngEinsteinwasundermininghisposition.AndcertainlyitistruethatEinsteindidnotgive/careafigforauthority.However,farfrombeingaflawinEinsteinischaracter,thisprovedbeyondanydoubt,tobeoneofhisgreateststrengths.Itwasonthisfoundationcombinedwiththeremarkablepowerofhisremarkable/imagination,thathisgreatachi

20、evementswerebuilt.4.2Imaginingisnotdreaming.Maybetoa(n)extentbutitismorethanthat.Imaginingisbeingcreative.Weowealltheinventionsanddevelopmentstoimagination,withoutwhich,Ibetwewouldstillbecavemen.Knowledgeisimportantbutimaginationisevenmoreimportant.Imaginationdealswiththefutureandknowledgedealswitht

21、hepast.Imaginationcreatesandknowledgemanages.Imaginationbreaksthenormandknowledgemaintainsthestatusquo.Aleaderneedsimaginationtocreateavision.Amanagerneedsknowledgetooperatetheorganization.Anorganizationwithonlymanagerswillbeobsoleteeventually.Notonlyisitimportantinbusiness.Imaginationisrequiredtoso

22、lveproblemsthatmankindhave,andmovehumanstoahigherlevelofachievementandwellbeing.Howarewegoingtosolveglobalwarming?Howarewegoingtoeradicatepoverty?Weneedimaginationtocomeoutwiththesolutions.Einsteinwouldn'thaverealizedthetheoryofrelativityifhehadnotutilizedhisimagination.Inanyfield,ifyouarealeade

23、r,youneedtoimagine,forthebreakthrough.5.1alexHaleywasatseawhenhestartedthinkinghowbesthecouldmarkThanksgiving.Turningoverthemeaningoftheholidayinhismind,hecametoreversetheorderofthewordsandgottothinkingaboutgivingthanks.How,hewondered,couldherepaythosewhohadbeensohelpfultohiminthepast?Itseemdetohimt

24、hatthebestwayhecouldexpresshisgratitudewouldbetowritetothem.Fortoolonghehadgoneaboutwithouttroublingtotellthemhowmuchheappreciatedallthattheyhaddoneforhim.Beforelonghehadassembledpenandpaperandwasimmersedinwriting.Notlongaftertheshipreachedport,unloadingitscargotogetherwithhisletters.Therepliesweren

25、otswiftinarriving,butwhentheydid,hefoundthemdeeplymoving5.2Wakeupeachdayandgivegratitudeforwhatyouhave.Instead(1)ofgivinganythoughtatalltowhatyoudonothaveinyourlife,justspendasmuchtimeasyoupossiblycaneachdaygivingthanksforallofthepeople,opportunities,materialpossessions(2),goodhealthandanyotherthing

26、sthatyouhaveinyourlifethatmakeitsogood.Itissaidthatwetakesomuchforgrantedthatwesometimesforgettobethankfulforthesmallthingsthatmakeourlivessomuchricher(3).Ifyouhaveeverbeenoutofbreath(4)orunderwaterfortoolong,thenextbreathsyoutakearethatmuchsweeter.Tellothershowmuchyouloveandcherish(5)themeverychanc

27、eyouget.Youmayneverseesomeoneagainsoyoualwayswanttoleavethembytellingthemjusthowspecial(6)theyaretoyou.Whenyouaretellingthemhowmuchyoucareaboutthemandhowthankfulyouareforhavingtheminyourlife,givethemspecific(7)examplesofwhatyouloveaboutthemthemost.Takethetimetoappreciateeverylittlethinginyourlife.Wh

28、enthesunisshining(8),thegrassiswetbeneathyourfeetandyourdogisbarking,givethanksforthesesmallmiracles(9).Everymomentwehaveisagjft(10).Useyourtimetoshowandtellothershowimportantandspecialtheyare.Givingsomeoneyourtimeandkindwordsisthegreatestgiftofall.6.1IhadonlyknownJohnsyafewmonthswhenshefellvictimto

29、thedisease.WehadmetinMayand,findingourselvessomuchintune,hadsetuphometogether.Then,inNovember,shebecameill.Scarcelyabletospeakina,sheseemedunabletoclingtolife.Itwassuchachange.Beforeshehadalwaysbeensolivelyandmerry.Nowshejustsatupinbed,staringoutofthewindow.Shehadthisstrangebeliefthatoncethelastleaf

30、onthevineoutsidefell,shewoulddie.Itoldheritwasallnonsense,buttonoeffect.Itwasourdownstairsneighbor,Mr.Behrman,whocametoherrescue.WhenheheardofJohnsy'strangefancyheflewintoafiercetemper,regardingitasasinthatonesoyoungshouldgiveuplifesoeasily.ThankstoBehrman,thelastleafneverdidfall.Lateatnightheha

31、dclimbedupandpaintedtheleafonthewall.Itwashislong-promisedmasterpiece6.2Fiveyearsagoafemaleinmate(犯人)atRiker'sIslandtoldJanePaleythatshesmelledwonderful.AspresidentofFriendlyVisitors,a50-year-oldorganizationwhosemission(1)is"actsoflovingkindnessthatdon'tinvolve(2)largesumsofmoneyorhours

32、ofwork,"PaleyfrequentlywenttotheNewYorkCityjail(3).Thatday,though,asprayofperfume否水)wentoffinherhead.Hergrouphadlongdonated.骨赠)moneysothatthe100womeninthejailcouldbuyfoodandtreats.Whynot(4)givethemfancytoiletries化装用品)too?Paleyandhercrewof35womenfiguredouttheperfectwaytogetthegoods:Theyaskedfrie

33、ndstocollect(5)hotelsoaps,shampoosandlotionswhentheytravel.Volunteersbundlethemintogoodybagsanddeliver(6)themtoRiker'sseveraltimesayear,includingChristmasandMother'sDay."Thesemini-donationsmakethewomenfeelbeautifu(7),"saysPaley."Youcanseethemturnthemselvesaroundalittlebit.&quo

34、t;So,Paleycontinues,"Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoaffordavacation(8),takethesoapandshampoos.Bringthemtohomelessshelters,batteredwomensheltersoranyorganizationinneed(9).It'sasmall(10)actthatmaymeanagreatdeal."7.1It'sbeenalongdayandI'mgladtobebackhomeandgettheweightoffmyfeet(1).Notth

35、atI'vefinishedyet,therearestillallthoseorders(订单)totypeupandImustremembertoaddmysignature(2)tomyclaim(索取)forcommission(3)beforeIpostitoff.Otherwise,myfirmwillbeonthephone(4)tomeaboutit.Notthattheyhavemuchtocomplainabout.Ialwaysmanagetosellquitealot,exceptthattimeIwaslaidup(5)aftersurgery(6).I

36、9;mtheonlyrepresentativethefirmhasoutonthestreetsnowadaysandIstillmanagetocoveralargeterritory(7)despitemydisorder(8).It'shardworkandlonghours,notimetolingerinbedinthemornings,Yet,I'veneverregrettedapplyingfor(9)thejoballthoseyearsago.Supportingmyselfenablesmetokeenmydignity(10).7.2imagineho

37、wyouwouldfillin24hoursaday,everyday,ifyoudidn'thavetowork.Thereyougo-offtothebeachinsummer,themoviesinwinter,watchT.V.onrainydays,goskatingorhorseriding,readalotofbooksormagazines,sleep.Butwouldyou?Wherewouldthemoneycomefromtopayyourbusfares,togetintothemovies,tobuyyourT.V.ortopayfortheelectrici

38、ty,orbuyyourskatesandbooks?Let'ssaythatmoneygrewontrees,andthatno-onehadtoworryaboutthat"small"problem.Nowyoucandoallthosethings.right?Probablynot,becauseifno-onehadtoworryaboutearningmoney,thenwhowouldbotherdrivingyourbustothebeach-forthatmatter,whowouldbotherbuildingyourbus,ormakingy

39、ourmovies,skates,books,etc.?Whywouldtheyhaveto?Whatyou'dprobablyendupdoingwouldbespendingmostofyourtimeoutinthefieldsgrowingyourownfood,orlookingafteryourcowsformilkandmeat,yoursheepforclothing,growingbambooforthewallsofyourhumpy.Whywouldyouneedtodothis?Becauseno-oneelsewouldneedtodoittoearnmone

40、y,becausemoneygrewontrees-right?Obviously,moneyinthatsortofsocietydoesn'treallyexist,andisofnovaluetothepeople.8.1Inhisinterview,SamuelWooddiscussesthessueofhumancloning.Itis,hefreelyadmits,acontentiousone.Hepersonallydoesnotapproveofproducinghumanclonesforreproductivepurposes,ashebelievesthisha

41、sgreatpotentialtoprovidenewmeanstofightdisease.Nonetheless,therearethosewhocondemnhumancloninginthisareaalso.Partlythisstemsfrommisconceptionaboutwhatisinvolved,butpartlytheoppositioncomesfromdifferencesindeeplyheldvalues.WoodnamesthePopeandPresidentBushastwonotableopponentsofhiswork.Woodsowncommitmenttohisresearchresultfromthepromisehemadetohimselftolookforacuretothediseasefromwhichhismotherdied.Itwasapromisethatwaslatertoleadhimt