广东省高三英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（48）含解析

1、广东省2012届高三英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（48）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASelf-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of medical practice in the United States. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in the community. They

2、 send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the number of days they stay and the facilities(operating room, tests, medicines that they use). Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veteran's hospitals, a federal government agency. Others

3、 are operated by religious orders(教会) or other non-profit groups.Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work fo

4、r the federal government's Public Health Service.Physicians are among the best paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $ 100 000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. P

5、hysicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $ 20 000 a year at one of the

6、best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $ 10 000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency(实习阶段) in a hospital,

7、 the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These phy

8、sicians also take care of each other's patients in emergencies.Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can m

9、ean the difference between life and death.1. According to the passage, it is very unlikely that an American hospital is owned by _. A. a churchB. a corporationC. a cityD. a state2. The expenses for becoming a doctor are spent on _.A. schooling and retrainingB. practice in a hospitalC. facilities he

10、or she usesD. education he or she receives3. According to the passage, how long does it take for a would-be physician to become an independent physician in the USA?A. About seven years.B. Eight years. C. Ten years.D. About twelve years.4. Sometimes several physicians set up a group medical practice

11、mainly because _.A. there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of themB. they can take turns to work long hoursC. facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulderD. no one wants to assume too much responsibility5 Which of the following stat

12、ements could fully express the author's view towards physicians payment in the USA?A. For their expensive education and their responsibility, they deserve a handsome pay.B. It is reasonable for physicians to have a large income because their work is very dangerous.C. Physicians should be better

13、paid because they work long hours under bad conditions.D. Physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewarded. 全解全析BDDCA在美国，医师是高报酬职业之一。这是由于他们需要较长时间的学习和高学费投入的缘故。B。语义理解题。从第 1 段最后两句话中可得出答案。D。主旨题。从第 3 段的最后部分中可得出答案。D。计算题。从第 3 段的 Most would be physicians first a

14、ttend college for four years Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four yearsThey still face three to five years of residency 可知答案为 D。C。细节题。从第 4 段第2句可找到答案。A。主旨题。通读全文便知高额学费和职业风险是医师获得高报酬的原因。BIn 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (=drink) containers. Wit

15、hin a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw material for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound end up buried in landfills(垃圾填埋

16、场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic.Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic so

17、da bottles and turning them into fence post, paint brushes, etc.As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life and until economic arr

18、angements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.Shrinking landfill space and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at

19、recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the loca

20、l economy by creating jobs and reduces the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.6. What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers?A. A fee should be charged on used containers for recyclin

21、g.B. Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.C. Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.D. Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.7 The returned plastic bottles in New

22、York used to .A. be turned into raw materialsB. be separated from other rubbish C. have a second-life valueD. end up somewhere underground8. The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is .A. how to reduce their recycling costsB. to sell them at a profitable priceC. how to t

23、urn them into useful thingsD. to lower the prices for used materials9. Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because .A. recycling causes little pollutionB. other methods are more expensiveC. recycling has great appeal for the joblessD. local governments find it easy to m

24、anage10 It can be concluded from the passage that .A.recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentallyB. local governments in the U. S. can expect big profits from recyclingC. rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materialsD. landfills will still be widely used for

25、 waste disposal 全解全析本文讲美国纽约1993年颁布法令要求商场就饮料瓶对顾客收费后的执行情况。C 推理判断题。由第一段第一句和第二句可推知。D 细节理解题。由第一段第三句中的but分句可知。C 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句和第三段第二句可知。B 细节理解题。由最后一段第二句可知。A 推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句可推知。CNASA is moving ahead with plans to put a long-armed Lander on Mars icy North Pole to search for clues for water and possible sig

26、ns of life.The $386 million Phoenix Mars is planned to touch down in the Martian arctic in 2008. The stationary probe will use its robotic arm to dig into the icy land and pick up soil samples to analyze. In 2002, the Mars Odyssey orbiter spotted evidence of ice-rich soil near the arctic surface. Sc

27、ientists hope the Phoenix mission will find clues to the geologic history of water on the Red Planet and determine whether microbes existed in the ice.Phoenix will be the first mission of the Mars Scout program, a renewed, low-cost effort to study the Red Planet. “The Phoenix mission explores new te

28、rritory in the northern plains of Mars analogous to the permafrost regions on Earth,” Peter Smith said. True to its name, Phoenix rose from the ashes of previous missions. The lander for Phoenix was built to fly as part of the 2001 Mars Surveyor program. But the program broke down after the well-kno

29、wn disappearance of the Mars Polar Lander in 1999. The Polar Lander lost contact during a landing attempt near the planets south pole after its rocket engine shut off prematurely, causing the spacecraft to fall about 130 feet to almost certain destruction. The Phoenix probe had been in storage at a

30、Lockheed Martin clean room in Denver before it was reused for its present mission. It will carry science instruments that were designed for the Mars Surveyor program including an improved panoramic camera and a trench-digging robotic arm. Phoenix will lift off from the Kennedy Space Center in August

31、 2007 and land on the planet nine months later.11. The passage mainly tells readers that _. A. clues of water will be found in Phoenix B. Phoenix will be sent to find clues of water on Mars C. August 2007 will see Phoenix lift off D. the Mars Scout program will be carried out12. The underlined word

32、“prematurely” (paragraph 5) means _. A. on timeB. behind the timeC. out of workD. ahead of time13. According to the passage, we know Phoenix will land on Mars _.A. in May 2008 B. in August 2007 C. in August 2008 D. in September 200814. According to the passage, the name “Phoenix” is after the meanin

33、g of _. A. rebirth B. death C. energyD. hope15. After Phoenix lands on Mars, we can infer it will firstly _. A. find soil samples and send them to the earth B. look for the icy land to dig for the soil samples C. take photos and send them to the earth D. find the remains of the Mars Polar Lander 全解全

34、析 本文主要是讲美国国家航空和航天管理局计划2008年将Phoenix送到火星探索水源的线索和存在生命的可能性。B 主旨大意题。由第一段可知。D 猜测词义题。由该词所处语境和常识可知，是火箭引擎“提前”关闭，才会失去联系。A 细节理解题。由最后一段的最后一句可推算出。A 推理判断题。由第五段第一句推知。B 推理判断题。由第二段第二句可知。DFrom good reading we can derive pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so com

35、pletely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with go

36、od books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. Whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and t

37、he good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble human friends whom we hold 高考资源网 or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in

38、books need never weary us with their company. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. When human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement. One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experien

39、ce. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing el

40、se can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our heart's desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb lofty mountains, brave t

41、he perils of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mingle with the gay throngs of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South S

42、ea island. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.16. Why is it that we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading?A. No one has c