副词性从状语从句

1、副词性从句（状语从句） 状语从句在复合句中做状语可修饰主句中的动词、形容词、和副词等。状语从句有从属连词引导，与主句相接。状语从句的位置可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，其后常用逗号，放在句末时，其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据它们的含义一般可分为十大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式和程度状语从句。一、时间状语从句常用的连词有：before, after, when, as(当，一边一边), while(在期间), whenever (无论何时，每当)，since(自从以来)，as soon as/hardly when/no sooner than (一就)，til

2、l /until。如果主句是一般将来时，状语从句中用一般现在时。since所引导的从句一般要用非延续性动词，主句用完成时态。1. while, when, whenever和 as的用法比较(1) while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。她不能表示一时性或暂时性的动作。 Dont talk so loud while others are working. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me 2 dollars(2) when 引导的时间状语从句可以指时间的一点,也可以指一段时间,从

3、句的谓语动词可用终止性动词,也可用延续性动词.when引导的从句表示具体的时间,从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时也可以先于主句的动作.whenever指任何一个不具体的时间. It was raining when we arrived.(动作同时,指时间点) When you read the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you. (动作有先后,指时间点,不能用while)(3) as 用as时主句和从句的动作往往同时发生,具有延伸意义,一般同延续性动词连用,有时可译作“一边一边” As time went on

4、, his theory proved to be correct. As we walked, we talked.2. since 和 before 的用法比较 两者均可用于“ It be since/before+从句”的句型.区别在于since 表示“自从以来”,所在主从句的谓语动词的时态关系是：It is /has been sometime since sb. did sth. 而before的含义是“(过了多久)才”主从句的谓语动词的时态关系是: It was /had been sometime before sb. did sth. 表过去和将来时,两者相应的句型分别是: I

5、t was some time since sb had done sth. 和It will be some time before sb does sth. It is 30 years since he joined the revolution. It was three days before he came back.二 地点状语从句 常用的从属连词有:where, wherever(无论哪里), everywhere(在每一个地方). After the war, a new school building was put up where there has once been

6、 a theatre. She found her calculator where she lost it . Everywhere they went ,the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed. Sit wherever you like. 三 原因状语从句原因状语从句一般由because(因为),since(既然),as(由于),now that(既然,因为)等连词引导.1. because ,since ,as 和now that (1) because Because 表示直接的原因或理由,表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系.

7、回答以 引起的特殊疑问句,只能用because. Jane wore a raincoat because it was raining. He is absent today because he is ill(2) since since表示对方已经知晓,无须加以说明的原因和事实,语气比because 稍弱. Ill do it for you since you are busy. Since you have seen both fighters, who do you think will win?(3)as as表示的往往是十分明显的原因,听者或读者已经知道或能看得出来,语气较弱,

8、只起附带说明,比较口语化. We had better hurry as its getting dark. As you object, Ill change the plan.(4) for for是并列连词,引导的分句不表示直接的原因,而是用来附带解释和说明前面一句的情况.for引导的分句常位于第一分句,之间用逗号隔开. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning. The day breaks, for the birds are singing.(5) now that Now that意为“既

9、然”，与since 同义，但更突出事实本身。 Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. Now that everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.四、目的状语从句 目的状语从句由that, so that, in order that等引导。从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may, might, can, could, will, would等。 John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could pr

10、epare his grand surprise for the party. These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.辨析： in order that 引导的状语从句可以放在句首与句尾，而so that引导的只能放在句尾。如果从句主语与主句主语一致，都可以转换成不定式。 She went downtown so that /in order that she would buy some clothes. =She went downtown so as to /in order to buy som

11、e clothes. In order that he could make himself understood, he explained it again. =In order to make himself understood, he explained it again.五、 结果状语从句1. so that, so that, such that引导结果状语从句 He worked hard so that he passed the exam. The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again. He spoke

12、for such a long time that people began to fall asleep.2. sothat与 suchthat 的区别 这两种结构都可以引导结果状语从句. so是副词，后接形容词或副词;such 是形容词，后接名词。（1）单数名词 在so that和 such that 中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同：such+a/an+形容词+名词= so+形容词+a/an+名词。 She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.=She is so good

13、a teacher that all of us love her.（2）不可数名词或复数可数名词 如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such that He made such rapid progress that before long he gegan to write articles in English. They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.（3）名词前有many, such, little, few修饰时 如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many, such, little,

14、 few修饰时，则用so that Ive so many falls that Im black and blue all over. George had so little money that he had to get a job. They are so little children that they cant do anything.3. 如何判断so .that 引导的目的状语从句与结果状语从句（1） 当表达的含义是“为了”，“以便”时，为目的状语从句；当表达的是“以至于”，“因此”含义时，为结果状语从句。 If you do know, answer in a loud

15、enough voice so that all the class may hear.（目的状语从句） It rained hard the day before yesterday, so that she had to stay at home.（结果状语从句）（）当从句的谓语动词有情态动词can, could, may, might等时，是目的状语从句；当从句里没有情态动词，且谓语动词是一般现在时（过去时）、现在完成时等时态时，是结果状语从句。 We stopped at Salt Lake City so that we could(might) visit the monument

16、 for the seagulls.（目的状语从句） They have walked a long way, so that we are all tired.（结果状语从句）（）当从句之前的so that 可用in order that代替时，是目的状语从句；反之，是结果状语从句 We now study hard so that we may work well in the future.(=We now study hard in order that we may work well in the future.)（目的状语从句）（）当so that 之前有逗号时，是结果状语从句；

17、反之，是目的状语从句 The story is very interesting, so that I like it very much.（结果状语从句）六、比较状语从句比较状语从句一般由as. as（和一样）,not as/so as（与不一样），than（比），the more.the more（越越）引导。 The director gave me a better offer than he gave Dick. In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the ideas that the furth

18、er we go, the better our holiday will be. John plays football as well as, if not better than, David. I cant run as/so fast as he can.七、让步状语从句让步状语从句由though, although, as, even if(though), however, whatever, whoever, whenever, no matter+ wh-, 等引导。 Even if, even though, although, though 这四个词（词组）都有“虽然、即

19、使、尽管”的意思。Even if 和even though带有较强的意味，语气比although和though强；though 比although通俗，但不如although正式，都不能和but连用，但可以和yet, still或nevertheless连用，可以放在主句前面或后面；even if, even though所接的句子常用虚拟语气。 Although journalism seems like a good profession, I would prefer to be a teacher. Although he is considered a great writer, h

20、is works are not widely read. We wont give up even if we should fail ten times.as或though引导让步状语从句形容词副词动词分词名词as/though主语谓语（）引导让步状语从句用倒装语序。 Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me.（）表语为单数可数名词时，名词不带冠词。 Twelve-year-old g

21、irl as she is, she has had a good command of English. （）如果句中谓语包含情态动词或助动词，则将实义动词放在as之前。 Try as I might ,I couldnt lift the stone. raised as he was, he remained modest.（）如果句中谓语尽有实义动词，则将实义动词（原形）放在as之前，并在主语后面加助动词do ,does, did 或will. Torture her as they did, the enemy got nothing out of her. Fail as he d

22、id, he would never give up.No matter+wh-和疑问词+ever引导No matter+wh-引导，表示“不管，无论”；由疑问词+ever引导，表示“不管，不论”。这类词有：whatever, whichever, whoever, however,whenever,wherever等,相当于no matter+what (which, who, how, when,where,),都不能与but, so ,and等并列连词同时使用。 . We will have to finish the job, however(no matter how )long i

23、t takes. No matter what(whatever)you do, dont tell him that I told you this. No matter how pure the water looks, I prefer not to drink it. No matter where(wherever)you go, I would keep you company.4. 由whether.or引导让步状语从句 由whether.or引导让步状语从句表示“不论.还是”，提供两种对比的情况。 I shall go, whether you come with me or

24、stay at home. Whether we like a particular piece of news or not, all we have to do is sit in front of the tube and “let it happen”.八、条件状语从句 条件状语从句可以位于主句前面或后面。.由if, unless引导， if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”(if not) You will be late unless you leave immediately. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.2. 由suppose, supposing, as/so long as, providing, provided, on condition that,和in case等引导。 这类连词（词组）意思相近，有“如果、假设、即使、在