四级语法讲解(时态与语态) (1)

1、外院刘婷外援邦帮棒地科外援邦帮棒地科2 2班四级复习班四级复习讲解资料讲解资料内容提要内容提要时态与语态非谓语动词虚拟语气各类从句特殊句型1时态与语态基本时态现在 过去 将来 过去将来一般 do/does did will/shall do would/should do进行 am/is/are doing was/were doing will/shall be doing would/should be doing完成 has/have done had done will/shall have done would/should have done完成进行 has/have been d

2、oing had been doing will/shall have been doing would/should have been doing考察重点1.1 一般时态1.2 进行时表将来1.3 现在完成时/现在完成进行时1.4 过去完成时1.5 将来完成 1.1.1 一般现在时结构：do / does特点：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态e.g：He goes to work every day. Does he go to work every day?They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _their exams.

3、A . h a v e f i n i s h e d B . f i n i s hC . f i n i s h e d D . w a s f i n i s h i n gKEY: BWhen the mixture _, it will give off a powerful force.A . w i l l h e a t B . w i l l b e h e a t e dC . i s h e a t e d D . h a s h e a t e dKEY: C1.1.2 一般过去时Youve already missed too many classes this te

4、rm.You _two classes just last week. A . m i s s e d B . w o u l d m i s sC . h a d m i s s e d D . h a v e m i s s e dKEY:A重点句型It is (high) time (that)句型中，谓语动词用过去时。Dont you think it is time you_ smoking?A. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give upKEY：B 1.1.3 一般将来时结构与句型will(shall)+doe.g. Wil

5、l you go to cinema tomorrow?be going to +doe.g. Are you going to attend the lecture?be to +do 强调动作有计划地发生e.g. The road is to open to traffic.be about to + do 强调动作即将发生e.g. The lecture is about to begin.1.2 现在/过去进行时可表将来有此功能的有： come, arrive，go, leave, startWe will leave for USA tomorrow.We are leaving f

6、or USA tomorrow.1.3 现在完成时/现在完成进行时的区别1.3.1 现在完成时表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下去常用since引导的短语或从句，或由for引导的短语连用。结构： has/have doneHe has lived here for 30 years.They have known each other since childhood.1.3.2 现在完成进行时表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的一个动作， 这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束，但是强调到说话时为止一直在做的动作。结构：has/have been doing特点：强调动

7、作的持续Compare：I have studied English for years.I have been studying English for years.I _on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.A. was knockingB. am knockingC. knockingD. have been knockingKEY: D1.4 过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。结构： had done特点：过去的过去e.

8、g.They had fulfilled their yearly plan by the end of November.When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week, I was told she _two days before.A. has left B. was leavingC. would leave D. had leftKEY: D过去完成时用在以下句型时，要用倒装句型：no sooner than,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,barelywhenNo sooner had we sat down _we found

9、it was time to go .A. than B. whenC. as D. whileKEY：A1.5 将来完成时结构： will have done特点：在将来某一时间以前完成动作e.g.By the time next year, I shall(will) have lived here for 20 years.By the time John gets home, his aunt _.A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD. is leavingKEY: 被被 动动 语语 态态现在 过去 将来 过去将来一般 am/is/are d

10、one was/were done will/shall be done would/should be done进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done will/shall be being done would/should be being done完成 has/have been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have been done完成进行 has/have been being done had been being done will/shal

11、l have been being done would/should have been being done考察重点1.1 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态1.2 固定搭配的被动语态1.3 情态动词的被动语态1.4 主动表被动1.1 感官动词及使役动词的被动语态常用的感官动词有：look, see, watch, observe, listen, hear, feel, realize, aware, notice, touch, taste, smell常用的使役动词有：make, let, have, get 使用规律：主动语态中不用to被动语态时要加toThe middle-aged man was seen _ out ofthe house on the afternoon of the murder.A. came B. comeC. to come D. have comeKEY：C1.2 固定搭配的被动语态固定搭配中的介词若省掉，将会改变原句的含义。e.g.The children are well looked after.The doctor has been sent for.1.3 情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be +过去分词。e.g.The work must be finished before lunch.Nothing can b