2017新版上海牛津版初中英语七年级英语上册语法归纳复习

1、2017 新版上海牛津版初中英语七年级英语上册语法归纳复习一、知识点（一）特殊疑问词特殊疑问句： 以疑问代词what, who, whose, which或疑问副词when, where, why, how 等放在句首提问的句子，叫特殊疑问句。答句必须针对问句中的疑问词来回答，疑问词分为疑问代词和疑问副词。一、 特殊疑问词（ 一 ） 疑问代词who/whom/whose/what/which1. who, whom, whose 只能指人who 常作主语或宾语；whom 作宾语，可用who 替代； whose常作定语或表语。eg: Who taught you math last year?

2、（主语）Whom did you see? （宾语 ）Whose father works in Shenzhen? （定语）2. what用来询问物或数量，用来询问人时涉及人的职业，身份或外貌。如：What would you like to eat today? 你今天想吃什么？What is your mother ? 你妈妈是干什么的？3. which 用来询问人或物，一般有特定的选择范围。如：Which is your sister of the two girls? 那两个姑娘中哪个是你姐姐？（二 ）疑问副词常用的疑问副词有：where, when, why, how以及 how引

3、伸的一些疑问词组，如：how much （many）,how long, how old, how far, how often, how soon 等。他们在句中通常作状语，可表时间，方式，原因等。如：When will you come back? 你什么时候回来？Where did you put your mobile phone? 你把手机放哪Why are you late? 你为什么迟到？How long did you stay in Beijing? 你在北京呆了多久？二、不定冠词1. 不定冠词是a/an，一般放在名词之前。a 用于以辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的单词前，以元音(

4、不是元音字母)开头的单词前。如：a boy 一个男孩a European country 一个欧洲国家an island 一座岛屿an hour 一小时2. 不定冠词的用法(1) 用在可数名词的单数形式前面* 表示一类事物或人中的任何一个。如：There is an island over there. 那儿有一座岛Be sure to bring me a dictionary. 一定要给我带本字典来。* 表示一类事物或人，a/an 在此处不用翻译。如：An ear is an organ for listening. 耳朵是听觉器官。A tiger is a wild animal. 老虎

5、是一种野生动物。(2) 用在专有名词前面，表示一个 、 一种 、 一类 或 一个类似 的 。如：That city is a Venice in China. 那座城市是中国的威尼斯。an 用于1.容易弄错的单词总结an hour 一个小时an honest boy一个诚实的男孩a university 一座大学a uniform 一件制服an unusual watch一块不寻常的手表a useful book一本有用的书a umbrella 一把雨伞an uncle 一位叔叔（二）一般现在时：表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、表示主语具备的性格和能力等。与一般现在时连用的时间状语：of

6、ten，always，sometimes， usually，every day/ week/ year 等。一般现在时的构成：（be动词型 ）肯定句：主语am/is/are其它成分（名词、形容词、介词短语）He is an engineer.否定句：主语am/is/are not其它成分They are not in the library.一般疑问句：Am/ Is /Are+主语其它成分?Is it a tall tree? Yes, it is. / No, it isn t.一般现在时的构成：（实义动词型）肯定句：主语（除第三人称单数）动词原形其它成分I get up at six ev

7、ery day .主语（第三人称单数）动词s/es 其它成分My father usually goes to work by bus.否定句：主语（除第三人称单数） dont 动词原形其它成分I don t like swimming.主语（第三人称单数） doesnt 动词原形其它成分The old man doesn t like playing cards .一般疑问句：Do +主语（除第三人称单数） 动词原形其它成分?Do the boys often go swimming in summer?Yes, they do. / No, they don t.主语为第三人称单数Does

8、+主语动词原形其它成分?Does she brush her teeth every day?Yes, she does. / No, she doesn t.主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词的变化规则如下:1、一般动词在词尾加-s,如 : helps，makes，gets，swims， knows，plays等2、以s，x，ch，sh 或o结尾的动词在词尾加-es，如dresse，swashes，catches，does等3、以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，先变y 为 i，再加-es， 如 fly-flies， study- studies等play-plays enjoy-enjoys（四）名词

9、：名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称。名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词表示可以用数字进行计算的名词，不可数名词表示不能用数字进行计算的。可数名词有单复数形式，若要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念，需使用名词的单数形式。表示名词的单数时，要在名词前面加上冠词a 或 an.若要表示两个或两个以上的概念时，要用到名词的复数形式。My younger sister has a job in a store. 我妹妹在商店工作。She has two jobs她打两份工。 .、可数名词与不可数名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词表示单个人和事物。表示一群人或一些事物的名称。

10、表示物质或不具 备形状和大小的 个体的物质。表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。mother,tree, bagflower,people, familypolice,milk, rice, breadEnglish,water,news, loveweather,money,注 : 集体名词做主语时,谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数,如果强调整体用单数,强调个体或成员,则用复数.The police are searching for him.The Chinese people are brave and hardworking.(二) 、名词复数形式变化：( 1)规则变化1)一般变化，在

11、名词后加-s，如：book books; bag bags2) 以 s, x, ch, sh结尾的名面，加-es，如：bus buses; box boxes; watch watches; wish wishes; glass glasses3) 以辅音字母加-y 结尾的单词，变y 为 i 再加-es，如：city cities; country countries; study studies; family families4) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，有些将f 或 fe 变为 v, 再加 -es; 有些只加 -s :wife wives; knife knives; wolf w

12、olves; thief thieves; shelf shelves; myself myselves; life lives; half halves; leaf leaves;roof roofs;chief chiefs;belief beliefs;proof proofs;handkerchief handkerchiefs/handerchieves手帕头巾 ()5) 以 o 结尾的名词，有些加-s ，有些加-es。如：hero heroes; Negro Negroes; potato potatoes; tomato tomatoes 两人两菜()photo photos;

13、radio radios; piano pianos; studio studios;bamboo bamboos; zero zeros/zeroes;()不规则变化child children; foot feet; tooth teeth; goose geese;mouse mice; man men; woman women注意：由一个词加man 或 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式同上。Englishman Englishmen; Frenchman frenchmen; 但German Germans（不是合成词）（）单复数同形deer; sheep; fish; Chine

14、se; Japanese（）有些名词只用复数形式：clothes衣服（）; pants（短裤；裤子）; jeans（牛仔裤）; shorts（短裤）; glasses眼镜 （）; scissors剪刀 （ ）这类词常与a pair of ; two pairs of 这样的短语连用（）某些词虽以s结尾，但仍为单数；a. maths, politics, physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数；b. news为不可数名词；c. the United States（the US）; the United Nations（the UN） 应视为单数;（三） 、不可数名词只有单数形式。物质

15、名词通常属于不可数名词。如：液体和气体：water; milk; air;思想和感觉：beauty; love; hate极小的物体：rice; salt; sand学校科目：English; Maths; Art四、一般现在时中，单数可数名词和不可数名词后要用动词的第三人称单数形式；可数名词复数后要用动词原形。如：This orange comes from Germany.This coffee comes from Germany.These oranges come from Germany.五、不可数名词的量词物质名词的数量，一般用单位或容器的量表示，即“单位of物质名词”的形式。I

16、 had a bowl of soup and two cups of tea just now.我刚刚喝了一碗汤和两杯茶。如 a piece of; a bottle of ; a glass of ; two cups ofThere be 句型：There be 句型与have( has; had)的各种形式的区别1、 there be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)There is a vase on the table.2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用 is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用 are ; 如有几件物品， be 动词根据最邻近be 动词的那个名词决定

17、,即 “就近一致 ”。There is a duck in the pond.There are some ducks in the pond.There is a ball and some toys on the floor.There are some balls and a toy on the floor.3、 there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词提到句首。在there be句型的般疑问句中，如果可数名词的复数形式和不可数名词前没有别的修饰词，往往都要用any来修饰。There isn t s a vase on the table.Is

18、there a vase on the table?-Is there a post office near here?-Yes, there is .-Are there any students in the classroom?-No, there aren t.Are there any teachers from America in your school?Is there any rice in your bowl4、 there be 句型与 have(has) 的区别： there be 表示在某地有某物(或人)； have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。I have a lo

19、t of friends in the classroom.There are a lot of students in the classroom.5、 some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问句。There is some water in the glass.There isn t any water in the glass.6、 and 和 or 在 there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句。There isn t a pen or two books on the desk.7、针对数量提问的

20、特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many + 名词复数+ are there + 介词短语？How much + 不可数名词+ is there + 介词短语？-How many students are there in your school?-There are about two hundred （students in our school）.8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What s + 介词短语？There is a bird in the tree. What s in the tree?There are some bikes over there. What s

21、 over there?There is a little girl in the room.Who is in the room?、 There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。（五）一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day（week,m onth, year ）,soon, the day after tomorro（后天）等。 w二、基本结构：分为两种：1、 will+ do.肯定句：主语+will+动词原形+其他Peter will go to Nannin

22、g next week.否定句：主语+won t（will not的缩写）+动词原形+其他Peter won t go to Nanning next week.一般疑问句：will+主语+动词原形+其他？Will Peter go to Nanning next week?肯定回答：Yes, he will.否定回答：No, he won t.2、 be going to + do肯定句：主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形+其他Peter is going to go to Nanning next week.They are going to go to Nanning

23、next week.I am going to go to Nanning next week.否定句：主语+am/is/are not going to+动词原形+其他Peter isn t going gtoo to Nanning next week.They aren t going to goNtaon ning next week.I am not going to go to Nanning next week.一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+ going to+动词原形+其他？Is Peter going to go to Nanning next week?Are th

24、ey going to go to Nanning next week?Are you going to go to Nanning next week?肯定回答：Yes, he is.否定回答：No, he isn t.注意：一般疑问句中，be或 will 提到句首，some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。There is/are 句型中的将来时：There is going to be +其他There will be+其他if条件从句一条件状语从句的概念条件状语从句，表示主句动作发生的条件。即在某种条件下，一件事情可能发生。在英语中由连接词if 或 unless等引导的状语

25、从句叫做条件状语从句。条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中），一件事情（主句）才能发生，通常译作“假如，只要，如果”等意思。条件状语从句中，主从句的时态要遵循“主将从现”的原则。即，主句是将来时态时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时态。二 . 条件状语从句的引导词1. If conj . 如果，假如If you ask him， he will help you如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。If you fail in the exam， you will let him down如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。2. unless conj.除非 ,若不,除非在 的时候 （ if .not. ）Y

26、ou will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。Unless it rains, the game will be played. 除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。3. so/as long as conj.只要You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.只要你保持书的清洁，你就可以把我的书借去。三关于条件句的时态，常见的有以下三种情况：1、条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。When I grow up

27、, I ll be a nurse and look after patients.我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。2、如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。If you want to have a chat ,call me up.如果你想聊天，打我电话。(七)一般过去时一、一般过去时的概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：lastyear, yesterday, in 1990, two days ago等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。例如： I saw him in the st

28、reet yesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了。 Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。二、一般过去时的构成：1. be 动词的一般过去时的构成：第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was, 其余人称用were例如： I was ten years old at that time. There were many people standing in front of the door.2. 实义动词的一般过去时的构成：(1) 规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：一般在动词原形末尾直接加上ed。如：look-work-j

29、ump-stay-以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，直接加d。如：live-close-dance-末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。如： stop-shop-prefer-末尾是辅音字母加y 结尾的动词，先变y为 i，然后再加ed。如： study-try-(2) 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-are-go-come-take-have(has)-三、一般过去时的几种句型：(1) be动词的一般过去时的句型：肯定句结构为：主语+was / were+其它。如： I was at home yesterday.They were really hap

30、py at the party.否定句结构为：主语+was not (wasn t) /were not (weren 其它。 t)+如： I wasn t at home yesterday.They weren t happy at the party.一般疑问句结构为：Was / Were+主语其它？如：-Were you at home yesterday? -Y-es, I was. / No, I wasn t.-Were they happy at the party? -Yes, thye were. / No, they weren t.特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词was / w

31、ere+主语其它？如：-Where were you last night? -We were at my uncle s house.-How was your weekend? -It was great.(2) 实义动词的一般过去时的句型：肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。如： He went to the toy store yesterday.We took some pictures in the park.否定句结构为：主语+did not (didn 动词原形t)+其它。如： He didn't go to the toy store yesterday.We d

32、idn t take any pictures in the park.一般疑问句结构为：Did+主语动词原形其它？如： -Did you go to Beijing last week? -Yes, I did. / No, I didn t.-Did he meet the businessman before? -No, he didn't. / Yes, he did.特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词did+主语动词原形其它？如：-What did you do last night? -I did my homework.-Where did you go last week? -I

33、 went to Shanghai with my parents.（八）人称代词及物主代词代词（人称代词&物主代词&不定代词）重点 难点含义:我们可以用代词来代替先前所提及的名词或名词短语。John asked Sally for hertelephone number, so she giveit to him. （一）人称代词：人称代词是指人或事物的代词，有性、数、格的区别。数单数复数格主格宾格主格宾格人称第一人称wemeweus第二人称youyouyouyouhehim第三人称shehertheythemitit(1) 主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my Eng

34、lish teacher.(2) 宾格在句中作宾语。例如：They don t want me to go there alone.Don t worry. I can look after her. 以下几点需要注意：1. It 作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。例如：It is about 10 kilometres from here. 离这儿大约有10 公里。2. It 还可用作形式主语来代替由不定式，以避免句子头重脚轻。例如：It is not easy to learn English well.3. 人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮。例如：We love

35、our country, we hope she ll be stronger and stronger. （二）物主代词：是用来表示物体的归属的。物主代词的含义：谁的 .物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。（注：形容词性物主代词须放在名词前面使用，形容词性物主代词须单独使用.）例如：This isn t your gift .It is her gift.This isn t your s .It is hers.词义类型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他 /她 /它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishe

36、rsitsoursyourstheirs（注：除了mine之外，名词性物主代词直接在形容词性物主代词后加s.）思考： its 与 it 的区别？ s复合不定代词：someanynoeverysomethinganythingnothingeverythingsomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody 在肯定句中用somebody(=someone)/ somethin；g在否定句及疑问句中用anybody( = anyone) / anything； 形容词或else修饰不定代词时，形容词或else应放在不定代词后面。例：

37、something new.疑问句中，当说话人期待对方作出肯定回答时，常用some-系列的不定代词。例： Would you like something to eat?二、课堂练习()6. There is packet of salt in box.A. a; /B. a; the C. the; / D. the; a() 7. Susan is good Chinese. And she likes music.A. in; listen B. in; listening C. at; listening to D. at; listen()8. The shoes are very

38、nice. Can I ?A. try it onB. try on it C. try them on D. try on them() 9. There is on the table.A. a bowl and two cups of tea B. two cups of tea and a bowlC. two cups of teaD. cups of tea()10 .- do you sleep every night?- More than 7 hours.A. How oftenB. How manyC. How muchD. How long()11. Is this ba

39、ll, Joe? No, it s not .A. your; my B. your; mine C. yours; my D. yours; mine()12. How do you like Shanghai, Joyce? - I think it s one of in the world.A. biggest cityB. the biggest city C. the biggest cities D. big cities()13. Are you stamps?- Yes. I enjoystamps very much.A. keen on, collecting B. like, seeing C. love, to buy D. interested in, to collect() 14. - a letter fo