英语写作训练课

1、英语写作训练课写作评练作文写好后要检查的细节：1 .句子是否完整2 .时态、语态3 .主谓一致4 .名词单复数5 .单词拼写6 .动词的过去式，过去分词写作提示一：写一个完整的句子：这几句是正确的句子吗？如果你认为有误，该怎么改？1 .Themeetingwilluntil3:00.2 .Workhard,youwillsucceed.3 .Ihaveabrother,whoisadoctor.4.Thereareonly4studentstakepartintheclass.必备知识句子的类型1简单句：只包含一个主谓结构的句子.2 .并列句：主谓结构+连词(and,but,so,or)+主谓

2、结构（或更多的主谓结构）3 .复合句：引导词+主谓结构,主谓结构（从句）（主句）句子的分类五种基本的简单句1 .主语+不及物动词Birdsfly.Busesrunfromdawntillmidnight.Wearestudyinghard.2 .主语+及物动词+宾语Wehavereadmanybooks.Theydoshoppingattheweekend.WearelearningEnglish.3 .主语+系动词+表语Wearestudents.Hebecameascientist.Thatsoundsgood.4 .主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语HegaveTomapresent.H

3、eofferedmeajob.5 .主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Wemadehimourmonitor.Themanagerthinkstheplanpractical.Hewillhavehisbikerepaired.Iwon'haveyouspeakingtoyourmotherlikethat.练习:翻译下面的简单句1.1939年爆发了第二次世界大战.2 .一天，她高兴地走进我的房间.3 .一轮红日从东方升起.4 .张飞在三年级六班.5 .那个故事听起来很有趣.6 .老师好像对我的工作很满意.7 .早睡早起对人的身体有益.8 .胡姗姗读过这本书多次了9 .我还没决定去还是不

4、去10周兰借给我一些钱.11这件晚礼服花了她四十美元.12 .王小明常常在课堂上问老师许多问题.13 .同学们把课室保持得干干净净.14 .我们注意到有许多人站在学校大门口.15 .我找人把自行车修好了.16 .你不应该让他一个人去那儿.并列句1.用连词/副词(and,but,so,for,or,notonlybutalso,eitheror,neither-nor,while,bothand,however,therefore)1 )LiMingis18yearsoldandheisastudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.2)Hurryuporyou'llbelatef

5、orschool.3)Imustgonow,formysisteriswaitingforme.2 .用1) Wefishedallday;wedidn'tcatchanything.2) Lilydoeswellinstudy;all_theteachersthinkhighlyofher.3) 用"+adv”1)Wefishedallday;however,wedidn'(batchanything.2)Thecarwasalmostnew;besides,itwasinexcellentcondition.练习：翻译下列句子1 .他虽然有病，但是还是上学去了.2

6、 .汤姆很穷，而他的弟弟却发了财.3 .他丢了工作，因此这些天心情不好.4 .韩惠不但歌唱得好，而且舞也跳得好.5 .我本打算昨天告诉你，但你不在办公室复合句复合句里包含两个或更多的主谓结构，其中有一个主谓结构为句子的主体称为主句，另一个/些主谓结构为从句，他(们)只能充当句子的某一(些)成分，如：主语，宾语，表语，同位语，定语，状语等.根据他们在句子中的功能分别称为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句定语从句，状语从句等.判断下面句子属于哪种复合句1) Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeetingisstillaquestion.2) Thelettersaysthat

7、theyareleavingonFriday.3)That'swhattheyshoulddo.4) WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcomeandvisitChinaagain.5) ThisistheverydictionarythatIamlookingfor.6) Astimewenton,Einstein'stheoryprovedtobecorrect.写作提示二：要注意句子的连贯连贯性的要求是：句子前后之间要有照应，有衔接，思想的表达应该有序，清楚.句子与句子之间的过渡要符合逻辑，不能造成歧义或矛盾.练习：改正下面句子，使之成为正确的

8、一句话例;Faulty:Thereareforty-fivestudentsinourclass,one-thirdofthemarefromnearbycountries.1. Thereareforty-fivestudentsinourclass,and_one-thirdofthemarefromnearbycountries.2. Thereareforty-fivestudentsinourclass;one-thirdofthemarefromnearbycountries.3. Thereareforty-fivestudentsinourclass：one-thirdofwh

9、omarefromnearbycountries.Faulty:Itwasraininghard,theycouldnotworkinthefield.Faulty:Theprofessorwalkedintotheclassroom,hecarriedabagofbookswithhim.Faulty:Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobyhisdeeds.Faulty:Theideahementionedatfirstsoundedgood.写作提示三：要注意句子的简洁1 .文字简洁.如下面这些短语均可用括号中的词代替：fromtimetotime

10、(often),drawaconclusion(conclude),withanger(angrily),Itisclearthat(clearly)试比较下列改写的句子.Doyouknowthemanwhoisspeakingatthemeeting?Doyouknowthemanspeakingatthemeeting?thestreet?Lookoutforcarswhileyouarecrossingthestreet?Lookoutforcarswhilecrossin2 .避免使用同义词重复.(如下面的这些句子,划线部分重复，应删掉).1) .Heisblindinbotheyes

11、.Heisblindinthelefteye.2) .Inmyopinion,Ithinkyourplanisfeasible.3) .Thedeskisroundinshapeandredincolor.4) .Ishallaccompanymymotherbygoingwithhertothemarket.练习:改写下列句子，使其更简洁1. Hegavemanyreasonsforthefailure,butthereasonshegavewerenotconvincing.2. TheGreatWall,whichhasahistoryofmorethan2000years,isoneo

12、ftheworldheritages.3. Heattendedthepartythoughhewasbadlyill.4. NieEr,whoisthecomposeroftheNationalAnthemforthePeople'sRepublicofChina,wasborninYunnaninFebruary1912.5. Hesuggestedthathebesenttotendthesick.6. Tomysurprise,IwassurprisedtofindnoonetherewhenIgotthere.7. Ateacherwhohasexperienceshould

13、haveanideaaboutwhatheshoulddoinsuchacondition.8. Doyouknowthegirlwhoisdressedinred?Doyouknowthegirl.9. Theprofessorwalkedintotheclassroomandhecarriedabagofbookswithhim.Theprofessorwalkedintotheclassroom,10. Themanwhoisstandingbythewindowisourteacher.Themanisourteacher.11. Wedidn'tknowhertelephon

14、enumber,sowecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.12. JohnsonlookedlikeamanwhowaswantedinLosAngelesforrobbery.Johnsonlookedlikeaman13. Wefinallyreachedhomeat10pm,andweweretiredandhungry.Wefinallyreachedhomeat10pm,设计一个段落?段落（设计好一个段落）?一般说来，一个段落由三部分组成：主题句,扩展句和结论句.主题句提出的论述的主题，扩展句

15、利用必要的细节对主题加以论证说明，结论句总结全文，在论证的基础上得出结论.这三者是段落的必要成分，他们相辅相成,构成一个完整的段落.有些段落还有过渡句，它起到段与段之间的顺利过渡.?1.主题句?1）主题句的位置：请找出段落的主题句?Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentshowthatsmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousdiseasecancer,smokingcanalsocauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itgivesonea“smoker'cough&q

16、uot;Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforsmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldortheterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?AlbertEinstein,oneoftheworld'sgreatestscientists,failedinhisuniversityentranceexamonhisfirstattempt.WilliamFaulkner,oneofAmerica'sfamouswriters,nev

17、erfinishedcoegebecausehecouldnotpasshisEnglishcourses.SirWinstonChurchill,whoisconsideredoneofthemastersoftheEnglishlanguage,wasverypoorinEnglishduringmiddleschool.Thesefewexamplesshowthatschooldoesnotalwayspredictfailureinlife.?Karaok,whichwasinventedbyaJapanese,oneofthegreatestwondersofmoderntechn

18、ology.Needlesstosay,Karaokisagoodwayofrest.Youcanlearnanewsongeasily.It'salsoagocwaytomakeyourfriendshappy.Nearlyeverybodyhasachancetobeasingingstar.However,everythinghastwosides,sodoesKaraok.It'snoisytoyourneighbors.Besides,ifyousingbadly,theywillfeeluncomfortable.Infact,youaresuretomakeaso

19、undpollution?2）写好主题句,有两条原则?1.主题句要明确,句中须有一个词，词组，或从句让读者一目了然本段的确切主题,明确本段的重点或观点.例如:Thisparagraphwilltalkaboutbirds.这句作为主题句就太笼统,不确切.试比较以下几句，下列几个主题句就确切地阐明了段落的主题：?a.Birdshaveagreatsenseofdirection.?b.Petownersprefercertainspeciesofbirds.?c.Inmyopinion,abirdmakesabetterpetthanacatdoes.?d.Birdsaresufferingfr

20、omair-pollution.2主题句要概括，它陈述你要说明的重点和观点，句中必须包含有可扩展主题的词，词组或从句他应该是你将进一步表明你的态度和看法的概括.同时，主题句有利于控制作者本人的主题的扩展.例如:TheyounggirlstudiedChineseHistory.该主题句未能概括主题的要点，则不利于下面的扩展.最好增添一个词或一个短语来修改这个句子，以便顺利地展开你的主题.例如：七.TheyounggirleagerlystudiedChineseHistory.?b.TheyounggirlstudiedChineseHistoryunderafamoushistorian.?

21、c.TheyounggirlfoundthreereasonsforstudyingChineseHistory.2下面各段没有主题句,请根据全段内容拟定一个主题句.?1).Forexampleteacherslivebysellingknowledge,philosophersbysellingwisdomandpriestsbysellingspiritualcomfort.Thoughitmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodsintermsofmoney,itisverydifficulttocalculatethetruevalueo

22、fserviceswhichpeopleperformforus.Theconditionsofsocietyaresuchthatsillshavetobepaidforinthesamewaythatgoodsarepaidforatshop.Everyonehassomethingtosell.0.用eforeenteringahouseinJapan,itisagoodmannertotakeoffyourshoes.InEuropeancountrieseventhoughshoessometimesbecomeverymuddy,thisisnotdone.AguestinaChi

23、nesehouseneverfinishesadrink.Heleavesalittletoshowthathehashadenough.InaMalaysianhouse,too,aguestleavesalittlefood.InEngland,aguestalwaysfinishesadrinktoshowthathehasenjoyedit.Itseemsthatmannersindifferentcountriesareneverthesame.Firecanheatwater,cook,giveoutlightandkeepyourhousewarm.Sometimes,howev

24、er,bigfirescanburndownhousesandforests.Forexample,thebigfirecausedbyYuanmingPalace,afamouspalaceinQingDynasty,ruinedcompletely.Sowemustbeverycarefulwithmatches,burningcigarettes,faultyelectricappliancesorunquenched（未扑灭的）fires扩展句扩展句的作用是丰富，支持，扩展主题句的内涵他们是段落的血和肉.扩展句的表达形式是多种多样的，可以按时间或空间顺序，从整体到局部从局部到整体的方法

25、叙述，描写，说明或议论,也可用比较，对比，比喻，推导，归纳，演绎的手段来展现.通常对扩展句的要求有两个：单一性和连贯性单一性：一个段落只说明一个问题，讲述一件事扩展句必须紧紧地围绕着主题句，不偏离中心思想.找出一个违背单一性的句子.Chinahasmadegreatprogressinreducingitspopulationgrowth.Chinahasalreadycutitsrateofpopulationgrowthbyaboutonehalfsince1970.Itiswrongofthewesterngovernmentstofindfaultwithitspoliciesofel

26、iminationofpoverty.Chinanowurgeseachfamilytohavenomorethanonechild.Andithopestoreachzeropopulationgrowth,thenumberofbirthequalingthenumberofdeath,bytheyear2000.连贯性：段落中各扩展句前后衔接，条理清楚，合乎逻辑，使读者很容易抓住段落的中心思想.在议论文中，我们常会谈到首先，其次，然后,该如何表达？1)first,second,third,last2)firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally3)thefirst,t

27、hesecond,thethird,thelast4)tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally5)tostartwith,next,inaddition,/besides,lastbutnotleast6)ontheonehand,ontheotherhand7)foronething,foranotherthing练习：根据所给的主题句和提示，写好段落的扩展句(1)主题句：Howexcitedwewerewhenwelearnedthatweweregoingtohaveaspringtour.afterdiscussionagreeclimboutofthe

28、city we-oftenpassby-mountainthefirsttimethinkofclimbit setoutearlymorning aboutanhourbegintiredstillalongway-go shortbreakgoonclimb lunchtime-gettothetopmountain ourbeautifulcitybelowushappyverytired结尾句:Itprovesthatmanythingsarejustlikeclimbingamountain;theylookattractive,buttheyarenoteasytodo.参考答案：

29、Afteraheateddiscussionweagreedtoclimbthemountainoutsidethecity.Wehadpassedbythemountainwhenweweretakingabusoutofthecity,butitwasthefirsttimewehadthoughtofclimbingit.Westartedearlyinthemorning.Aboutanhourlater,webegantofeeltired,buttherewasstillalongwaytogo.Wetookashortbreakandthenwentonclimbing.Notu

30、ntillunchtimedidwegettothetopofthemountain.Atsightofourbeautifulcitybelowus)wefelthappythoughweweretiredout.(2)主题句:Hewaskindandshybeforeagroupofnaughtygirls,buthewasverystrictinhisteachingandwithourstudents.teachusalotinknowledgeaswellasinmoralityIremembermyfinalexamHaveanidea100kindictionarysecretl

31、yUnfortunatelydiscoversavemyfaceAfterexamcalltohisoffice-myheartbeatfast©Insteadofscoldingsaykindlyadvise-dogoodmovedtears18yearspasLkeepremindmestudyhardhonest参考答案：(2)Hetaughtusalotinknowledgeaswellasinmorality.Irememberthetimeofmyfinalexamination.Ihadtheideaoflookinginmydictionarysecretly.Unf

32、ortunately,mysecretwasdiscoveredbyhimandhesaidnothingtosavemyface.Aftertheexamination,Iwascalledtohisoffice.Myheartwasbeatingfast.Insteadofscolding,hetalkedkindlytomeandadvisedmetodogood.Iwasmovedtotears.Eighteenyearshaspassed,butthelessonremainsdeepinmymemoryandalwaysremindsmetostudyhardandkeephone

33、st.结论句结论句并非必不可少，但它能起到以下的作用：(1)表示段落的结束(2)总结要点，与主题句相呼应(3)供读者就本段落的主要内容和见解有个深刻的印象或进行思考结论句:(推荐)1 .(主题句:Lifeislimited,butknowledgeisboundless.)结尾句:Howimportantitistoreadgoodbooks!2 .(主题句:Booksarefullofknowledgeandwisdom.)结尾句:Whyshouldn'twereadmorebookstosearchmoreandusethemtodevelopoursplendidfuture?3

34、 .(主题句:WhenIwasalittlegirl,Ilivedwithmygrandparentsinafarawayvillage.)结尾句:Timewasgonewiththewind.Butmychildhoodislikeamber(琥珀),glitteringinmylife.1 .(主题句:FromMondaytoFridaywegotoschool,andwehavetodohomeworkonSaturdayandSunday.Ourrightsofenjoyingourweekendshavebeentakenawaybythosewhowishustodowellinourlessons.)结尾句:Inshort,foryoungpeople,notonlyareweeagerforknowledgebutalsowearethirstyforcolorfullives.Let'sbecometherealmastersofweekends.2 .(主题句:Successcomeswithhardwork.)结尾句:So,as