复习过去分词非谓语综合练习选修八Unit3Unit4语法

1、Revise the Past Participle复习过去分词一、过去分词的句法功能过去分词可以与be动词一起构成被动语态作谓语，还可以与助动词have一起构成完成时态作谓语。除此之外，还可以在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，一般表示完成的或被动的动作。二、过去分词作定语1. 过去分词作定语时，相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语既可以表被动，又可以表完成；a damaged bridge 一座被毁坏的桥 polluted air and water被污染的空气和水不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。boiled water 开水 the risen s

2、un升起的太阳2. 单独的过去分词作定语时，常常置于所修饰的名词前，而过去分词短语作定语时，常常置于所修饰的名词后。The broken clock should be repaired as soon as possible. 这个坏了的钟表应尽快修理。The cartoon films made in Japan attracted many children. 日本产的卡通片吸引了很多孩子。3. 现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：现在分词表主动或正在进行；过去分词表被动或完成falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的叶子surprising n

3、ews 使人吃惊的消息 surprised listeners 吃惊的听众三、过去分词作表语1. 过去分词作表语时，总是用在连系动词之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。She looked very disappointed. 她看上去很失望。2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：前者表示主语的状态，后者表示一个被动的动作。This book is well written. 这本书写得很好。（系表结构，表示状态）This book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。（被动语态，表示动作）3. 现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别现在分词作表语，表示主动意义，即“令

4、人有某种感觉的”，多用来指物；过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。We were disappointed at the result of the experiment.The result of the experiment was disappointing.The audiences were all moved to tears by the moving film.四、过去分词作宾语补足语1. 能够接过去分词作宾补的词通常有以下几类：表示感觉和心理状态的词，如feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, observ

5、e, look at, notice, find等；表示“致使”意义的词，如have, make, get, keep, leave等；表示思维活动的词，如consider, know, think等；表示爱憎或意愿的词，如want, wish, like, hate等。过去分词还可以用在“with+宾语+宾补”结构中。I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。He didnt wis

6、h it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。2. 现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式作宾补的区别：现在分词作宾补表主动、正在进行或延续性；过去分词作宾补表被动或完成；动词不定式作宾补表主动，强调动作的全过程，有时也表将来。I saw her opening the window.I saw her open the window.I saw the window opened.I have a lot of homework to do.五、过去分词作状语1. 过去分词作状语，表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状态等。分词动作与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）之间常存在逻辑上的被动关系。Surro

7、unded by a group of young people, the old man felt happy.（作原因状语）被一群年轻人包围着，老人觉得很开心。When heated, water can be changed into steam.（作时间因状语）水加热后可变成水蒸气。Given another chance, he can do it better.（作条件状语）如果再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Much tired, he still kept on working.（作让步状语）虽然很累，他仍继续工作。The trainer appeared, followed b

8、y six little dogs.（作伴随状语）训练员出现了，后面跟着6条小狗。2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别：现在分词作状语，和句子主语是主动关系。过去分词作状语，和句子主语是被动关系。Seen from the top of the tower, our city looks more beautiful. 从塔顶看，我们的城市显得愈发漂亮。Seeing from the top of the tower, we can get a wonderful view of our city.从塔顶我们可以饱览城市的美景。3. 有些过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不再强调被动意义。这样的

9、过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路); seated(坐); hidden(躲); lost / absorbed in(沉溺于); born(出身于); dressed in(穿着); faced with(面对); tired of(厌烦)等。Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因为陷入沉思，他没听到那个声音。Seated in the front of the classroom, he can see the blackboard clearly. 由于坐在教室的前面，他能很清楚地看到黑板。六、拓展1.

10、done / to be done / being done作定语时的区别：这三种形式都表示被动。done 表示“已经被”；to be done表示“将要被”；being done 表示“正在被”。The rare fish, saved from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. 从饭锅里被救回的珍稀鱼类已经被放归大海。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.他的第一本书下个月将要出版，这本书是根据一个真实故事写的。At that time

11、 the noise of boxes being dropped could be heard outside the room.当时扔盒子的噪音在屋外都可以听见。2. done / having been done作状语时的区别：作状语时，having been done 表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前，而done则不强调这个意思。Seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.Having been shown around the dining hall, we were t

12、hen taken to visit the labs.【非谓语综合练习】一、选择最佳的答案。1. All the thing _, his proposal is of greater value than yours.A. consideredB. consideringC. to considerD. consider2. _ who she was, she said she was Mr. Johnsons friend.A. AskingB. AskedC. To be askedD. When asking3. _ all my letters, I had a drink an

13、d went out.A. FinishedB. Having finishedC. FinishingD. To finish4. You will find the word “psychology” _ under “P” in your dictionary.A. have listedB. listC. listedD. listing5. Why did Bob weep? He couldnt bear _ like that before the whole class.A. making fun ofB. being made fun ofC. to be laughed a

14、tD. being made fun6. We are looking forward to _ the film _ at the Grand Cinema.A. seeing; to showB. see; shownC. seeing; shownD. see; to show7. _, your composition is full of mistakes.A. Writing carelesslyB. Written carelesslyC. Having written carelesslyD. Being written carelessly8. She made a cand

15、le _ us light.A. giveB. gaveC. to giveD. given9. I know its not important, but I cant help _ about it.A. to thinkB. and thinkC. thinkingD. being thought10. The food _ at the moment is for the dinner party.A. cookedB. to be cookedC. is being cookedD. being cooked11. The dog, _, will be made a good wa

16、tchdog.A. to train properlyB. being trained properlyC. properly to trainD. trained properly12. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.A. Having stolenB. Having been stolenC. StolenD. Stealing13. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be

17、puttingC. to putD. putting14. It was getting dark; I found a car _ in a pool by the side of the road.A. to be stuckB. stuckC. stickingD. stick15. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _ the river.A. to have discoveredB. to have been discoveredC. to discoverD. having been d

18、iscovered16. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _ on the screen.A. to fixB. to be fixedC. fixedD. fixing17. When he came to life, he found himself _ on a chair, with his hands _back.A. to sit; tyingB. sitting; tyingC. seating; tiedD. seated; tied18. How could he get the pl

19、an _ without any one to support him?A. to carry out  B. carry outC. carrying out D. carried out19. You will see this product made in this factory _ wherever you go.A. to be advertisedB. advertised C. advertiseD. advertising20. Mr. Green is said _ an experiment to prove the new me

20、thod of solvingthe problem when young.A. to doB. to have doneC. to be doingD. to have been doing二、用动词的适当形式填空。1. _ (attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.2. Li Lei is asking his uncle, an English teacher, _ (help) him think of a foreign n

21、ame.3. - Hi! Li Hong. I didn't see you at the party.- Oh, I was busy _ (get) ready for the coming exams.4. The old men enjoy _ (listen) to the singing of the birds in the park.5. The girl _ (stand) under the tree is my cousin Kate.6. Books _ (write) in easy English are very popular among Chinese

22、 middle school students.7. Why did you keep your brother _ (wait) for a long time that evening?8. I found the door _ (close) when I got home.9. When they met again, they were too excited_ (say) a word.10. With his cell phone _ (steal), the customer wanted to see the manager.11. He didn't finish

23、_ (write) the book until last week.12. More time _ (give) to us, we could have done the job much better.13. Let me _ (help) you _ (water) the flowers.14. My watch doesn't work. It needs _ (repair).15. How are the team playing? Theyre playing well, but one of them got _ (hurt).16. _ (hide) in tha

24、t cave, the thief tried to avoid capture.17. I usually have my clothes _ (wash) on Sundays. I dont wash my clothes myself.18. It's going_ (rain); you'd better _ (take) an umbrella with you.19. I often hear people _ (say) “_ (see) is _ (believe)”.20. Though he often made his deskmate _ (cry),

25、 today he was made _ (cry) by his deskmate.21. _ (repair) my TV set cost me 100 Yuan.22. There are a number of students waiting to get _ (examine).23. It's too cold. Let's make a fire _ (warm) ourselves up.24. You don't need _ (worry) about your friend. He is safe at home.25. Do you know

26、 the man with his hair _ (tie) back?26. If _ (bite) by a snake, you should call for help.27. The assistant worked late into the night, _ (repair) a long speech for the president.28. Little Sandy would love _ (take) to the cinema this evening.29. Mr. Black gave up _ (smoke) only a few years ago. He l

27、ooks very healthy now.30. I'm hungry. Get me something _ (eat).三、完成句子。1. I rushed to the phone at the reception desk, _ (却被告知) there was no doctor available. (only)2. Twenty passengers were killed in the accident, _ (包括三名儿童). (include)3. _(根据他的话判断), he did well in his exam. (judge)4. We looked f

28、or the thief everywhere, and at last we found him _ (躲在木箱里) behind the door. (hide)5. _ the tower (从顶上看), our town looks more beautiful. (see)6. _ the tower (从顶上看), we find our town more beautiful. (see)7. When the national flag is being hoisted, all the students stand at attention, their eyes _ (注视

29、着国旗). (fix)8. The murderer was brought to court, _ (双手捆着) at the back. (with)9. The sports meet _ (下星期将要举行) is of great importance. (hold)10. The sports meet _ (现在正在举行) is very important. (hold)11. The sports meet _ (上星期举行) is of great importance. (hold)12. _(参观完图书馆), the parents were taken to the d

30、ining room. (show around)13. He dressed up so as _ (为了不被注意) by others . (notice)14. _(考虑到他还只是个小孩), we didnt punish him. (consider)15. The lab _ (明年将要建的) will be more advanced than the old one. (build)16. _ (创办于1636年), Harvard University is one of the most famous universities in the United States. (f

31、ound)17. _ (生活在北京) for quite a few years. Mr. Green has little difficulty understanding Chinese now. (live)18. _ (穿着白色的制服), he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (dress)19. It is no use _ (和我爸爸辩论), because he will never change his mind. (debate)20. The beautiful flowers _ (栽种在房子周围的) attracted a lot of villagers. (plant)21. It is important for modem young people _ (掌握至少两门外语). (master)22. The policeman rushed into the room only to find the old man _ (躺在地上). (lie)23. _ (被咬过两次), the postman refused to deriver our letters unless we chained our dog up.