英式英语和美式英语的区别

1、American:elevator（电梯）British:liftAmerican:sidewalk（人行道）British:pavementAmerican:apartment（公寓）British:flatAmerican:movietheater（电影院）British:cinemaAmerican:eggplant（茄子）British:aubergineAmerican:cookie（饼干）British:biscuitqIII_American:frenchfries（薯条）British:chipsAmerican:chips（薯条或薯片）IIBritish:crispsAmer

2、ican:pants（裤子）IIBritish:trousersAmerican:trashcan,garbagecan（垃圾桶）British:dustbinAmerican:twoweeks（两周）British:afortnight语言提示：pants（裤子）一词在英国有特殊含义，它指的是男士underwear（内裤）。美式英语和英式英语的语法差异美式英语和英式英语的语法大部分相同，不过还是有一些差异。虽然这些差异不一定都很明显，但如果能认出它们是很有帮助的美国人通常用have来表示拥有（财产）；而说英国人有时会有havegot。美国人经常用一般过去式表示最近发生的事。相比之下，英国人常

3、用现在完成时。?American:?Elijahalready?returned?fromLondon.British:?Ella?has?already?returned?fromNewYork.American:?Ijust?went?shopping.British:?I've?justbeenshopping.在遇到例如?team?和？family?这样的集合名词时，说美式英语的人用动词的单数形式，而说英式英语的人则用复数形式。?American:?Myson'steam?is?thebest.British:?Mydaughter'steam?are?theb

4、est.American:?Herfamily?volunteers?atthelocallibrary.British:?Herfamily?volunteer?atthelocallibrary.美国人和英国人对于介词的用法也不尽相同。?American:?Mygrandparentsvisit?on?theweekends.British:?Mygrandparentsvisit?at?theweekends.American:?Sofiaplayed?on?oursoccerteam.British:?Sofiaplayed?in?ourfootballteam.美国人经常使用动词ta

5、ke+宾语表示日常活动。相比之下，英国人通常使用动词have+宾语。?American:?Let's?takeabreak.British:?Let's?haveabreak.American:?I'mgoingto?takeashowerBritish:?I'mgoingto?haveashower.文化提示：有时候人们会认为英式英语更正式，而美式英语更随意。然而事实并非如此；它们只是某些方面不一样罢了。讨论表述事物的方法使用这些表达来询问和解释如何表述事物。A:What'stheBritishEnglishwordfor'eggplant&#

6、39;? B:TheBritishEnglishequivalentis'aubergine.' A:Howdoyousay'trashcan'inBritishEnglish?英式英语里“茄子”用哪个词？英式英语里"茄子"是 " aubergine ”。英式英语里“垃圾桶”怎么说？B:Wecallitthe'dustbin.我们管它叫"dustbin”。A:Isitcorrecttosay'attheweekend'inAmericanEnglish?美式英语里"attheweekend

7、"（在周末）是正确的说法吗？B:No,wedon'treallysayitlikethat.Weuse'ontheweekend.'不是的，我们一般不这么说。我们会说"ontheweekend"（在周末）A:Canyoutellmewheretheliftis?你能告诉我lift（电梯）在哪吗？B:Sure,it'srightoverthere.But'lift'hasadifferentmeaningintheUS.Here,wesay'elevator.当然，就在那边。但是"lift"

8、在美国有不IfyoutravelinChina,you'llcertainlyhearpeoplespeakingChinese.It'salsolikely,however,thatyouwillhearaforeignlanguageEnglishachother.Nearly100countriesidentifyEnglishastheirmainlanguage,asanofficiallanguageorasalanguageofgovernment.About1billiMostpeoplewouldagreethatEnglishplaysamajorrolei

9、nthebusinessworld.ManycompaniesrequireemployeestospeakEnglish;andiAlthoughbusinessEnglishhasdevelopedasatoolforsurvival,Englishalsoseemstohavebeenwillinglyadoptedintoworldculturethrougadvertisements.Indeed,mostcountrieshave'borrowed'theEnglishword'internet'itself.InSpain,peoplemaysay

10、theyplay'basketbernationalrelations,accordingtooneUStelevisionproducer.Butisthispositiveimagealwaysaccurate,especiallywhenonelanguagedominatestosuchanextentthatitcansetaglobal,culturalagendwemustn'tforgetthesmallerlanguages,andcultures,thatareindangerbecauseoftherapidrideofEnglish.叙述一个别人跟你讲过

11、的故事用诸如say、ask、tell和think这样的动词来帮助你叙述别人跟你讲过的故事。在这个例子中，请注意引号表示别人说过的话。Gavin,who'sfromtheUK,says,'Ijustboughtanewlorry.'加文是英国人，他说：“我刚买了一台新lorry（卡车）。”AndIthought,'What'salorry?'我心想，"什么是lorry?”你叙述故事时还可以不直接引用别人的话。请注意这时不能用引号。So,Iaskedhimwhathemeant.所以我问他什么意思。Hebeginsbytellingmeth

12、atalorryistheBritishEnglishwordfortruck.他就开始跟我说lorry在英式英语里是卡车的意思。你可以用不那么常用的动词，比如admit、claim、confirm、deny和insist来更准确地表述故事。这类动词也可以让你的叙述更Then,Gavinclaimsthathecanuserecycledcookingoilfromrestaurantsas'petrol'inhisnewtruck.然后力口文说他的新车可以用餐馆First,Iconfirmedthat'petrol'means'gas'inAm

13、ericanEnglish.首先，我确定"petrol”就是美式英语里的"gas"（汽油）。Then,Iinsistedthatweuserealgasoline.然后，我坚持说我们要用真汽油。AtfirstGavindeniedIhadapoint,buthelateradmittedit.起初加文不认为我的话有道理，但后来又承认了。在叙述中使用问句可以增加戏剧性和悬念。Anyway,wedriveinhisnewtrucktograbsomefrenchfriesatthelocalburgerplace.Andguesswhat?总之，我们开着他的新卡车Ga

14、vinasksthewaitressum,whatwasit?Oh,yeah:'Canyoucookmyfriesinextraoil?'加文问服务员嗯，什么来着？哦，对AndIsaid,'Areyoukiddingme?我说："你开什么玩笑？”Doyoueverfeellikesomeonemisunderstandsyouwhenyou'respeakingEnglish?And,viceversa,doyoueverfeellikeyoudon'tunderstaordsareusedorculturalmisunderstandings

15、.Fortunately,therearestrategiesyoucanusetohelpavoidorrepairacommunicationbreakdownandkeepaconversationgoing.First,donine.'Duringaconversation,remembertolookattheotherperson'sfacialexpressions.Doesheorsheseemconfused?Hasthepersonsaid,'Soecarengine.'Iftheotherpersonisconfused,youcoulds

16、ay:'It'sthebigmetalcoveryouliftuptotrytofixthepartsofacar.'Ontheotherhand,whenyou'rehavingtroubleunderstandingwhatsomeoneelseissaying,informthepersonofthis.YoucanlookconfuseTmhavingtroubleunderstanding.Couldyoupleaseslowdown?''SorryTdidn'tcatchthat.Wouldyoumindrepeatingwh

17、atyoujustsaid?''Sorrywhatwasthat?''Imissedthat.Couldyousayitagain?'Ifyou'renotsureyouunderstandwhatthespeakerjustsaid,youcouldtrytoconfirmyourunderstandingbyparaphrasingwhatyouheard.U'IfIunderstandyoucorrectly,you'resayingthat.''IfI'mfollowingyoucorrectly,

18、theyclaimthat.''JusttobesureIunderstand,she'sdenyingthat.'Ifyou'refeelinguncertainaboutyourlanguageabilityduringaconversation,youmightwanttoavoidusinglanguagethatdependsonculture,likehumororcertainveryinformalwords.Languagethatdependsonculturecanmoreeasilycreateacommunicationbrea

19、kdown.Nexttimeyou'refeelingnervousaboutaconversationorexperienceacommunicationbreakdown,trythesestrategies.Evenmoreimportant,perhapsjustrelaxandenjoytheconversation.?美国和英国的汽车词汇从18世纪到20世纪，工业革命改造了产业界，但同时也改变了英语语言。英国和美国是工业革命的两个领导者，两国的工程师新机器，并为这些机器创造出新的词汇。有时两个国家的工程师们会发明同一种机器，但是用不同的词命名。这是汽车零件词汇差异的几个例子

20、。请注意美式英语tire和英式英语tyre的拼写差异American:? trunk（后备箱）British:? bootAmerican:? hood（引擎盖）British: ?bonnet更多?车（vehicle）词汇差异的例子：American:? gas,gasoline?（汽油）British:? petrolAmerican: ?truck?（卡车）British:? lorryAmerican:? windshield（British:? windscreenAmerican: ?tire（British:? tyreAmerican:? parkinglot?British:

21、? carparkAmerican:? highway,freewayBritish:? motorway,dualcarriageway在美国，highway和freeway路面宽、行驶速度快、有多条车道。在英国，motorways是有六条道的高速路，而dualcarriag有时同一个词在英式英语和美式英语中含义不同。比如，美国人说的trunk可以指cartrunk也可以指elephanttrunk。然而在elephanttrunk或clothestrunk。更多美英两国含义的不同的词汇:American:A?boot?isapieceofclothingwornonyourfoot.Bri

22、tish"?boot?canbeacarbootorapieceofclothingwornonyourfoot.American"?hood?isapieceofclothingwornoveryourheadorthehoodofacar.British"?hood?isonlyapieceofclothingwornoveryourhead.描述语言的术语你从小开始学说的第一种语言通常被称为你的firstlanguage。你的祖国使用的语言是你的nativelanguage。你还可以用一个不那么常见的术语mothertongue。ShewasborninJa

23、pan,soJapaneseishernativelanguage.她出生在日本，所以日语是她母语。除firstlanguage以外你说得最流利、或者最经常说的语言叫做你的secondlanguage。Englishishissecondlanguage.HisfirstlanguageisNorwegian.英语是他第二语言。他的第一语言是挪威语。如果你两种语言说得同样好，你就是bilingual。He'sbilingual;hespeaksGermanandFrenchfluently.他是双语人士；他的德语和法语说得很流利。用dialect、accent和pronunciatio

24、n来表示某人语言的构成。其中包括发音、词汇、语法和对话结构。TherearehundredsofdialectsintheEnglishlanguage.英语语言有数百种方言。Ilikeyouraccent.WhatpartoftheStatesareyoufrom?我喜欢你的口音。你是美国哪个地方来的?Peoplehavetroubleunderstandingme,soI'mworkingonmypronunciation.另I人听不太懂我说话，所以我正在努力纠正发音。语言提示：有些人认为有standard（标准）或proper（正规）英语一说，但其他人认为英语有几百种可以接受的v

25、arietiesaccent通常是件好事：每个人说话都有accent,甚至母语人士也有口音。用fluently或proficiently来描述一个人说某种语言的水平。这两个词都有形容词和副词形式。Swahiliismymothertongue,butIspeakEnglishfluently.斯瓦西里语是我的母语，但我英语也很流利。I'mfairlyproficientinGerman,butIstillhavethingstolearn.我虽然精通德语，但还是有很多东西要学。用这类词来谈论语言在你生活中的作用。ManypeoplearekeentolearnSpanish.很多人喜欢

26、学西班牙语。InGermany,English-languageeducationismandatory.在德国，英语教育是强制性的。Duringmyundergraduateeducation,Istudiedforabachelor'sinGerman.我本科学历学的是德语。简化关系从句你可以用thatis、thatare、whois、whoare、whichis和whichare来reduce或缩短关系从句。要简化句子，只要省略关系代词+be。看例句。注意省略关系代词+be是如何把两个相连的从句变成一个短语的。He'spartofagroupofparentsthatis

27、encouragingschoolstoofferEnglishasasecondlanguage. 员，这些家长鼓动学校开设英语作为第二语言课程。He'spartofagroupofparentsencouragingschoolstoofferEnglishasasecondlanguage.为第二语言课程的家长组成员。更多简化关系从句例子。Charlotte,whowasborninthenorthernpartofBelgium,speaksFlemishashernativelanguage. 夏洛特母语是弗莱芒语。Charlotte,borninthenorthernpar

28、tofBelgium,speaksFlemishashernativelanguage. 的母语是弗莱芒语。他是一个家长组的成他是鼓动学校开设英语作出生在比利时北部的夏洛特出生在比利时北部，她TheyspeakCaribbeanEnglish,whichisavarietyofEnglishbasedon17th-centuryEnglishandAfricanlanguages.他们说的是加勒比海英语，这是在17世纪英语和非洲语言的基础上发展起来的各式英语。TheyspeakCaribbeanEnglish,avarietyofEnglishbasedon17th-centuryEnglis

29、handAfricanlanguages.他们说的是加勒比海英语一一在17世纪英语和非洲语言的基础上发展起来的各式英语。请注意：关系从句中只有带that、who或which+be的才可以简化。虽然有这些代词、但动词不同，以及带whose、when或where的从句不可简化。She'stheonlyonewhospeaksUrdufluently.她是唯一一个可以流利说乌尔都语的人。IwenttoaschoolthattaughtGermanasasecondlanguage.我上是一个提供德语作为第二语言课程的学校。Matheus,whosemothertongueisPortugue

30、se,alsospeaksEnglishandSpanish.母语是葡萄牙语的马修斯同时也能说英语和西班牙语。写作段落结构很多时候一段英语文字是由几个表达同一中心思想的段落组成。每一段又有一个段落中心思想，连同其它段落的中心思想一起支持作者的主要观点。此例中，作者第一句就表达了中心思想：I'vebeenlearningEnglishallmylife。I'vebeenlearningEnglishallmylife.IstartedstudyingitwhenIwas7ataprivateinternationalschoolinHongKong.Thenmyfamilymov

31、edtoSeattle,andIbeganpracticingitatschoolandafterschoolwithfriends.IbecameveryproficientinEnglishwhenIworkedonmyundergraddegreeinadvertisingandinmyfirstjob.Infact,IthinkthatmyconstanteffortstolearnEnglishmadeabigdifferencewhenlinterviewedforadvertisingpositionsintheUS.如该例所示，作者应通过提及上一段来平顺过渡到下一段的主旨。你觉

32、得作者第三段的主要内容应该是什么？I'vebeenlearningEnglishallmylife.IstartedstudyingitwhenIwas7ataprivateinternationalschoolinHongKong.ThenmyfamilymovedtoSeattle,andIbeganpracticingitatschoolandafterschoolwithfriends.IbecameveryproficientinEnglishwhenIworkedonmyundergraddegreeinadvertisingandinmyfirstjob.Infact,I

33、thinkthatmyconstanteffortstolearnEnglishmadeabigdifferencewhenIinterviewedforadvertisingpositionsintheUS.Duringmyinterviews,itbecameobviousthatthepeoplewhospokeEnglishfluentlyweretheoneswhogotthejobs.Candidateswhohadextensiveexperienceorimpressivetitlesintheirnativecountriesdidn'tnecessarilygett

34、hejobs.Indeed,theVPofmediaatanadvertisingagencyinHongKonginterviewedformyfirstjob.Unfortunatelyforhim,hisEnglishproficiencywasseverelylimited.IwashiredbecauseIhadanundergraduatedegreeinadvertisingaIIndEnglishfluency.Formanypeople,Englishnotonlyleadstobetterjobopportunitiesbuttoabetterlifeingeneral.EnglishinmylifeI'vebeenlearningEnglishallmylife.IstartedstudyingitwhenIwas7yearsoldataprivateinternationalschoolinHongKong.ThenmyfamilymovedtoSeattle,andIus