英语语言学试题

1、英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题第一部分选择题一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。1.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare'splay“RomeoandJuliet”Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweetwellillustrates.()A.theconventionalnatureoflanguageB.thecreativenatureoflanguageC.theuniversalityoflanguage

2、D.thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication2.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,onlyispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.()A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk3.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshowninaformula"SfNPVP".()A.hierarchicalB.linearC.treediagramD.vertical1.1 tisth

3、eonCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.()A.CaseConditionB.parameterC.AdjacentConditionD.AdjacentParameter5 .Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyzemeaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence6 .AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitth

4、espeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled.()A.commisivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7 .Thetermlinguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative8

5、 .Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,andkinterm.A.title+firstnameB.title+titleC.titlealoneD.firstname+lastname+title9 .Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoind

6、ependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"subvocalspeech,"andspeechas"".()A.vocalthoughtB.subvocalthoughtC.covertthoughtD.overtthought10 .Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguage

7、acquisition?.()A.LanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformationB.Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsC.ChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageD.Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse第二部分非选择题二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。)1 1.Inthecourseof

8、time,thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofsstudies,suchassociologyandpsychology.12 .Clear1anddarkareallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeincdistribution.13 .Arisoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcanneverstandbyitsel

9、falthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning.14 .Acsentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother.15 .Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofcantonyms.16 .Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,thatofanuisconcreteandcontext-

10、dependent.17 .Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample,ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian,withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm.18.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld,wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacterist

11、icofsocieties,binevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.19.Thebrain'sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI,whichisspecifictohumanbeings.( 0.Inordertoacquireasecondlanguage,learnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowled

12、geinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknowaslanguaget.三、判断说明题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。)判断下列各题正误，正者在括号内写“T”，误者在括号内写“F：并说明理由。( )21.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.( )22.InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i:/,thelarynxisi

13、nastateoftension.( )23.Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.( )24.“Thsetudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”,a“ndThelinguisticlecturei”nthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belotongthesamesyntacticcategory.( )25.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentref

14、erencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.( )26.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.( )27.Thedivis

15、ionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.( )28.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist,justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.( )29.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heor

16、sheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.( )30.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage,theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。)31 .culturaltransmission(asadefiningfeatureof

17、humanlanguage)32 .phonicmediumoflanguage33 .tolanguage38.ethnicdialect39.registers40.acculturation五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。）41 .Whydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelati

18、onshipamonglinguisticelements?Supportyourstatementwithexamples.42 .Describetheprocessoflanguageperception,comprehensionandproduction.语言学试题参考答案（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1.A6.A2.A7.B3.B8.C4.C9.D5.D10.（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11.social13.rootplementary17.metathesis19.lateralizationplementaryplex16.utterance18.b

19、ilingualism20.transfer（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）21.FThecontraryistrue.Thewritingsystemisalwaysalaterinvention.22.T23.FSomecompoundscontainmorethantwowords.24.T25.FItisfalsebecauselinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.Acaseinpointisthetwoexpressions"morningstar"and"eveningst

20、ar."Theyrefertothesamestarbutdifferinsense.26.T27.FThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisconventionalandsomewhatarbitrary.28.T29.T30.FChildrenfirstacquirethesoundsfoundinalllanguagesoftheworld,nomatterwhatlanguagetheyareexposedto,andinlaterstagesacquirethe"more

21、difficult"sounds.四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分)1 1.Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage,butdifferentfromanimals,theactualuseofhumanlanguageisnotgeneticallytransmitted,ratheritisculturallytransmitted,i.e.ithastobetaughtandlearnt.32 .Thelimitedr

22、angeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication,i.e.thespeechsounds.33 .Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.34.Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories,suchas-ed,-(e)s,-estinEnglish.35 .Referenceiswhatali

23、nguisticformreferstointherealworld;itisamatteroftherelationshipbetweentheformandthereality.Forexample,ifwesay,"Thedogisbarking,"wemustbetalkingaboutacertaindogknowntoboththespeakerandthehearerinthesituation.Theactualdogtheword"dog"referstointhisparticularsituationisthereferenceof

24、theword"dog".36 .Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords,phrases,andclauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.Forexample,bysaying"Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen",thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewordsandexpressedwh

25、atthewordsliterallymean.37 .Aprotolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.Theprotoformcanbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeaningsacrossrelatedlanguages.38 .Anethnicdialectisasocialdialectofalanguage,oftencuttingacrossregionaldifferences

26、.Itisspokenmainlybyalessprivilegedpopulationthathasexperiencedsomeformofsocialisolation,suchasracialdiscriminationorsegregation.39 .Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations,incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomary

27、users.Forthisreason,registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.40 .Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41.Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretreehasahierarchicalstructurethatgroupswordsintostructu

28、ralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructuralconstituent,andconsequentlyisbelievedtomosttruthfullyillustratetheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements.Forexample,thephrase"theoldmenandwomen"mayhavetwointerpretations,i.e.theadjective"old”mamyodifythenoun"men",orthefollowingtwonouns&q